边帮控制爆破裂纹扩展模拟及参数优化
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摘要
在大直径深孔边帮控制爆破过程中,为降低爆破后冲破坏作用、提高边帮控制效果以及破岩效果,在采用逐孔延时起爆的前提下,需要选取合理的爆破参数。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对不同径向不耦合系数的单孔爆破方案进行数值模拟研究,其中炮孔直径为165 mm,抵抗线为2.0 m,通过统计分析裂纹体积发现,不耦合系数为1.65时爆破效果最好,保护区爆生裂纹体积少(0.017 m~3),开挖区爆生裂纹体积较多(0.085 m~3),炸药破岩(开挖区)的能量利用率最高。基于1.65的径向不耦合系数,对不同边孔间距的双孔爆破方案进行模拟分析,综合考虑原自由面、先爆孔提供的新自由面以及后爆孔破损等因素,从边帮控制效果、开挖区破岩效果的角度对不同方案进行探究分析,发现边孔间距为2.0 m、2.5 m时,孔间能够形成良好的贯穿裂隙且破岩效果好。结合数值模拟分析结果在现场做了部分试验,得出不耦合系数为1.65、边孔间距为2.0 m时边帮平整且爆后临空面炮孔完整性好。
In the process of large-diameter deep hole sidewall controlled blasting,in order to reduce the backlash effect and improve the sidewall flatness and rock fragmentation,it is necessary to select reasonable blasting parameters in the hole-by-hole detonation method.This work adopts ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the single-hole blasting scheme with different radial decoupling coefficients under the premise that the borehole diameter is 165 mm and the burden is 2.0 m,and the crack volume in each scheme is analyzed based on statistics.It can be found that the blasting effect is optimal when the decoupling coefficient is 1.65,and its crack volume is 0.017 m~3 which is small in the protected area and the value is 0.085 m~3 which is high in the excavation area,the energy efficiency is the highest to achieve the rock fragmentation in the excavation area.On the foundation of radial decoupling coefficient being determined as 1.65,double-hole blasting schemes are further simulated and analyzed with different hole spacing.It is found that both the crack growth and the rock fragmentation effect are well when the hole spacing is 2.0 m or 2.5 m,with consideration of many factors,including the original free surface,new free surface provided by the first blast hole,damage of the post-explosive hole,boundary control and rock fragmentation in the excavation area.Finally,some field experiments were carried out based on the results of numerical simulation analysis.The practical results showed that the sidewall was smooth and the integrity of the blasthole in the free surface performed well when the decoupling coefficient is 1.65 and the hole spacing is 2.0 m.The conclusions obtained in this paper can be used to guide and optimize the blasting construction on site.
In the process of large-diameter deep hole sidewall controlled blasting,in order to reduce the backlash effect and improve the sidewall flatness and rock fragmentation,it is necessary to select reasonable blasting parameters in the hole-by-hole detonation method.This work adopts ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the single-hole blasting scheme with different radial decoupling coefficients under the premise that the borehole diameter is 165 mm and the burden is 2.0 m,and the crack volume in each scheme is analyzed based on statistics.It can be found that the blasting effect is optimal when the decoupling coefficient is 1.65,and its crack volume is 0.017 m~3 which is small in the protected area and the value is 0.085 m~3 which is high in the excavation area,the energy efficiency is the highest to achieve the rock fragmentation in the excavation area.On the foundation of radial decoupling coefficient being determined as 1.65,double-hole blasting schemes are further simulated and analyzed with different hole spacing.It is found that both the crack growth and the rock fragmentation effect are well when the hole spacing is 2.0 m or 2.5 m,with consideration of many factors,including the original free surface,new free surface provided by the first blast hole,damage of the post-explosive hole,boundary control and rock fragmentation in the excavation area.Finally,some field experiments were carried out based on the results of numerical simulation analysis.The practical results showed that the sidewall was smooth and the integrity of the blasthole in the free surface performed well when the decoupling coefficient is 1.65 and the hole spacing is 2.0 m.The conclusions obtained in this paper can be used to guide and optimize the blasting construction on site.
引文
[1] 纪晓飞,张建伟.红岭铅锌矿阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法的研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2017(1):19-22.[1] JI Xiao-fei,ZHANG Jian-wei.Study on the stage open stoping with subsequent filling in Hongling Lead-zinc Mine[J].Mining Research and Development,2017(1):19-22.(in Chinese)
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[8] 李新平,陈萍萍,罗忆,等.非对称不耦合装药结构对预裂爆破效果的影响[J].爆破,2017,34(3):25-30.[8] LI Xin-ping,CHEN Ping-ping,LUO Yi,et al.Impacts of asymmetric decoupling charge structure on presplitting blasting effect[J].Blasting,2017,34(3):25-30.(in Chinese)
[9] 费鸿禄,洪陈超.应力波和爆生气体共同作用下裂隙区范围研究[J].爆破,2017,34(1):33-36.[9] FEI Hong-lu,HONG Chen-chao.Study on crushed and fracture zone range under combined action of stress and detonation gas[J].Blasting,2017,34(1):33-36.(in Chinese)
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[11] 程俊飞,张长亮,罗志光.水不耦合装药爆破模型推导及爆破效果分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017(6):1616-1623.[11] CHENG Jun-fei,ZHANG Chang-liang,LUO Zhi-guang.Analysis on water decoupling charge on blasting model and blasting effect[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017(6):1616-1623.(in Chinese)
[12] 陈冰洁.基于有限元极限分析法的地下采场结构稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.[12] CHEN Bing-jie.Stability study on underground stope structure based on finite element limit analysis method[D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.(in Chinese)
[13] 陈俊桦,李新平,张家生.基于爆破损伤的岩台保护层开挖爆破参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):98-108.[13] CHEN Jun-hua,LI Xin-ping,ZHANG Jia-sheng.Study on blasting parameters of protective layer excavation of rock bench based on blasting-induced damage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):98-108.(in Chinese)
[14] WENG L,LI X,TAO M,et al.Numerical modelling of water-coupling cutting blasting in granite quarry[J].Mining Technology,2014,123(4):183-192.
[15] HOLMQUIST T J,JOHNSON G R,COOK W H.A computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to large strains,high swain rates and high pressures[C]//14th International Symposium on Ballistics,1995:591-600.
[16] 曲艳东,吴敏,孔祥清,等.深孔连续与间隔装药爆破数值模拟研究[J].爆破,2014,31(4):16-21.[16] QU Yan-dong,WU Min,KONG Xiang-qing,et al.Numerical simulation of continuation and interval loading in deep-hole blasting[J].Blasting,2014,31(4):16-21.(in Chinese)
[17] WANG Z L,LI Y C,SHEN R F.Numerical simulation of tensile damage and blast crater in brittle rock due to underground explosion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2007,44(5):730-738.
[18] 满轲,刘晓丽,宫凤强,等.高放废物地质处置新疆预选区天湖地段花岗岩的静态及动态力学特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(17):146-156.[18] MAN Ke,LIU Xiao-li,GONG Feng-qiang,et al.Static & dynamic properties of granite in Xinjiang′s Tianhu Area as a pre-selected geological disposal site of HLW[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(17):146-156.(in Chinese)
[19] 胡建华,杨春,周炳任,等.巷道压顶光面爆破裂隙扩展模拟及参数优化[J].黄金科学技术,2017,25(2):45-53.[19] HU Jian-hua,YANG Chun,ZHOU Bing-ren,et al.Simulation of fracture propagation and optimization of parameters for smooth blasting of coping in roadway[J].Gold Science and Technology,2017,25(2):45-53.(in Chinese)
[2] 崔松,董凯程.高阶段大直径深孔嗣后充填采矿法在某铁矿的应用研究[J].有色金属工程,2015,5(b05):32-35.[2] CUI Song,DONG Kai-cheng.Application research on high-sublevel large-diameter longhole cut and fill mining method in an Iron Mine[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2015,5(b05):32-35.(in Chinese)
[3] 曹胜祥,邱贤阳,史秀志.大直径深孔爆破参数优化研究[J].有色金属工程,2015,5(b05):160-164.[3] CAO Sheng-xiang,QIU Xian-yang,SHI Xiu-zhi.Research on the parameters optimization of large-diameter longhole blasting[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2015,5(b05):160-164.(in Chinese)
[4] 邱贤阳,史秀志,黄丹.大直径深孔爆破安全控制技术[J].有色金属工程,2015,5(S1):137-140.[4] QIU Xian-yang,SHI Xiu-zhi,HUANG Dan.Safety control technology of large-diameter long-hole blasting[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2015,5(S1):137-140.(in Chinese)
[5] 陈凯,张达,张君,等.三维激光扫描技术在大直径深孔采矿中的应用[J].有色金属工程,2015,5(S1):41- 46.[5] CHEN Kai,ZHANG Da,ZHANG Jun,et al.3D laser scanning technology applied in large-diameter longhole mining[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2015,5(S1):41- 46.(in Chinese)
[6] 戴俊,李传净,陈哲浩,等.光面爆破相邻炮孔裂纹扩展模拟[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(18):193-197.[6] DAI Jun,LI Chuan-jing,CHEN Zhe-hao,et al.Simulation of crack growth in adjacent blasting holes of smooth blasting[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(18):193-197.(in Chinese)
[7] SJ?BERG J,SCHILL M,HILDING D,et al.Computer simulations of blasting with precise initiation[C]//Eurock,2012:28-30.
[8] 李新平,陈萍萍,罗忆,等.非对称不耦合装药结构对预裂爆破效果的影响[J].爆破,2017,34(3):25-30.[8] LI Xin-ping,CHEN Ping-ping,LUO Yi,et al.Impacts of asymmetric decoupling charge structure on presplitting blasting effect[J].Blasting,2017,34(3):25-30.(in Chinese)
[9] 费鸿禄,洪陈超.应力波和爆生气体共同作用下裂隙区范围研究[J].爆破,2017,34(1):33-36.[9] FEI Hong-lu,HONG Chen-chao.Study on crushed and fracture zone range under combined action of stress and detonation gas[J].Blasting,2017,34(1):33-36.(in Chinese)
[10] 过江,崔文强,陈辉.不同耦合介质光面爆破裂纹发展数值分析[J].黄金科学技术,2016,24(1):68-75.[10] GUO Jiang,CUI Wen-qiang,CHEN Hui.Numerical analysis of the smooth blasting crack development under different coupling medium[J].Gold Science and Technology,2016,24(1):68-75.(in Chinese)
[11] 程俊飞,张长亮,罗志光.水不耦合装药爆破模型推导及爆破效果分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017(6):1616-1623.[11] CHENG Jun-fei,ZHANG Chang-liang,LUO Zhi-guang.Analysis on water decoupling charge on blasting model and blasting effect[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017(6):1616-1623.(in Chinese)
[12] 陈冰洁.基于有限元极限分析法的地下采场结构稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.[12] CHEN Bing-jie.Stability study on underground stope structure based on finite element limit analysis method[D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.(in Chinese)
[13] 陈俊桦,李新平,张家生.基于爆破损伤的岩台保护层开挖爆破参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):98-108.[13] CHEN Jun-hua,LI Xin-ping,ZHANG Jia-sheng.Study on blasting parameters of protective layer excavation of rock bench based on blasting-induced damage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):98-108.(in Chinese)
[14] WENG L,LI X,TAO M,et al.Numerical modelling of water-coupling cutting blasting in granite quarry[J].Mining Technology,2014,123(4):183-192.
[15] HOLMQUIST T J,JOHNSON G R,COOK W H.A computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to large strains,high swain rates and high pressures[C]//14th International Symposium on Ballistics,1995:591-600.
[16] 曲艳东,吴敏,孔祥清,等.深孔连续与间隔装药爆破数值模拟研究[J].爆破,2014,31(4):16-21.[16] QU Yan-dong,WU Min,KONG Xiang-qing,et al.Numerical simulation of continuation and interval loading in deep-hole blasting[J].Blasting,2014,31(4):16-21.(in Chinese)
[17] WANG Z L,LI Y C,SHEN R F.Numerical simulation of tensile damage and blast crater in brittle rock due to underground explosion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2007,44(5):730-738.
[18] 满轲,刘晓丽,宫凤强,等.高放废物地质处置新疆预选区天湖地段花岗岩的静态及动态力学特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(17):146-156.[18] MAN Ke,LIU Xiao-li,GONG Feng-qiang,et al.Static & dynamic properties of granite in Xinjiang′s Tianhu Area as a pre-selected geological disposal site of HLW[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(17):146-156.(in Chinese)
[19] 胡建华,杨春,周炳任,等.巷道压顶光面爆破裂隙扩展模拟及参数优化[J].黄金科学技术,2017,25(2):45-53.[19] HU Jian-hua,YANG Chun,ZHOU Bing-ren,et al.Simulation of fracture propagation and optimization of parameters for smooth blasting of coping in roadway[J].Gold Science and Technology,2017,25(2):45-53.(in Chinese)