香蕉果指喷施叶面肥对其外观品质和产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同种类叶面肥对香蕉品质和产量的影响,为香蕉优质高产栽培提供参考依据。【方法】于香蕉果指反梳期对其果指喷施氨基酸、海藻酸和微量元素类叶面肥,跟踪分析各处理香蕉果皮色差、果实特征、果实养分含量和产量等指标。【结果】香蕉果指喷施氨基酸和海藻酸类叶面肥后果皮亮度显著提高(P<0.05,下同),果指长度分别为22.03和21.01 cm,显著高于对照(喷施清水,CK)13.50%和8.24%;喷施微量元素和氨基酸类叶面肥香蕉果实的氮、钾养分含量分别为4.04和2.87 g/株及4.51和2.78 g/株,显著高于CK,产量分别为19.39和21.74 kg/株,显著高于CK。【结论】在香蕉反梳期对其果指喷施氨基酸和海藻酸类叶面肥可显著提高香蕉果皮的亮度,喷施氨基酸和微量元素类叶面肥可显著提高香蕉果实氮钾含量和产量。因此,香蕉生产中可有目的地选择使用不同类型的叶面肥。
【Objective】In this paper,the effects of spraying different foliar fertilizers on yield and quality of banana were investigated so as to provide reference for selecting quality and high-yield planting of banana.【Method】Amino acids,alginic acid and microelement foliar fertilizers were sprayed during banana backcomb period,the indexes including peel color difference,fruit characteristics,nutrient content and yield were dynamically traced.【Result】Banana peel brightness enhanced significantly(P<0.05,the same below)after spraying amino acid and alginic acid foliar fertilizers,and their fruit finger lengths were 22.03 and 21.01 cm respectively,which were significantly higher(13.50% and 8.24% respectively)than that of control(spraying clear water,CK).After spraying amino acid foliar fertilizers,nitrogen accumulation(4.04 g/plant)and potassium accumulation(2.87 g/plant)were significantly higher than those of CK,and its yield was 19.39 kg/plant,which was also significantly higher than that of CK.After spraying microelement foliar fertilizers,nitrogen accumulation(4.51 g/plant)and potassium accumulation(2.78 g/plant)were significantly higher than those of CK,and its yield was 21.74 kg/plant,which was also significantly higher than that of CK.【Conclusion】Spraying amino acid and alginic acid foliar fertilizers on fruit fingers can significantly improve banana peel brightness during banana backcomb period.And spraying amino acid and microelement foliar fertilizers can significantly improve banana yield and nitrogen and potassiun accumulation.Therefore,various foliar fertilizers shoule be selected according to the specific goals.
【Objective】In this paper,the effects of spraying different foliar fertilizers on yield and quality of banana were investigated so as to provide reference for selecting quality and high-yield planting of banana.【Method】Amino acids,alginic acid and microelement foliar fertilizers were sprayed during banana backcomb period,the indexes including peel color difference,fruit characteristics,nutrient content and yield were dynamically traced.【Result】Banana peel brightness enhanced significantly(P<0.05,the same below)after spraying amino acid and alginic acid foliar fertilizers,and their fruit finger lengths were 22.03 and 21.01 cm respectively,which were significantly higher(13.50% and 8.24% respectively)than that of control(spraying clear water,CK).After spraying amino acid foliar fertilizers,nitrogen accumulation(4.04 g/plant)and potassium accumulation(2.87 g/plant)were significantly higher than those of CK,and its yield was 19.39 kg/plant,which was also significantly higher than that of CK.After spraying microelement foliar fertilizers,nitrogen accumulation(4.51 g/plant)and potassium accumulation(2.78 g/plant)were significantly higher than those of CK,and its yield was 21.74 kg/plant,which was also significantly higher than that of CK.【Conclusion】Spraying amino acid and alginic acid foliar fertilizers on fruit fingers can significantly improve banana peel brightness during banana backcomb period.And spraying amino acid and microelement foliar fertilizers can significantly improve banana yield and nitrogen and potassiun accumulation.Therefore,various foliar fertilizers shoule be selected according to the specific goals.
引文
陈汉宗.2012.“高利达”香蕉拉长丰满剂对香蕉的增产效应试验研究初报[J].福建热作科技,(3):24-27.[Chen HZ.2012.Preliminary study on the effect of“Gaolida”of banana lengthening agent on growth of banana[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,(3):24-27.]
陈绍彬,储春荣.2011.海藻酸叶面肥对冠玉枇杷品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,(24):130.[Chen S B,Chu C R.2011.Effects of seaweed foliar fertilizer on Guanyu loquat quality[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,(24):130.]
戴东军.2009.微量元素叶面肥在水稻上的应用初探[J].上海农业科技,(5):67.[Dai D J.2009.Preliminary study on application of trace element foliar fertilizer in rice[J].Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,(5):67.]
丁文.1996.美国“高乐”叶面肥喷施效果初探[J].福建热作科技,(1):41-45.[Ding W.1996.Preliminary study on the effect of foliar fertilizer application of“Gao Le”[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,(1):41-45.]
杜雷,陈钢,张利红,王素萍,练志诚,叶莉霞,葛米红.2015.氨基酸叶面肥对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,54(7):1564-1566.[Du L,Chen G,Zhang L H,Wang S P,Lian Z C,Ye L X,Ge M H.2015.Effects of amino-acid foliar fertilizer on yield and quality of strawberry(Fragaria ananassa)[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,54(7):1564-1566.]
蒋小林,黄景崇,彭金良,陈启新,单雪华,朱列书,刘本坤,李迪秦.2012.氨基酸复合叶面肥在烟草上的应用效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,(15):53-55.[Jiang X L,Huang JC,Peng J L,Chen Q X,Shan X H,Zhu L S,Liu B K,Li D Q.2012.Application effect of amino-acid foliar fertilizer on tobacco[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,(15):53-55.]
李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,赵秉强,王丽霞.2009.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,42(1):162-172.[Li Y T,Li X Y,Xiao Y,Zhao B Q,Wang L X.2009.Advances in study on mechanism of foliar nutrition and development of foliar fertilizer application[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,42(1):162-172.]
刘珅坤,郑秋玲,张超杰,刘万好,王婷,徐维华,唐美玲.2014.氨基酸叶面肥对巨峰葡萄光合性能及贮藏营养的影响[J].山东农业科学,(11):52-54.[Liu K K,Zheng Q L,Zhang C J,Liu W H,Wang T,Xu W H,Tang M L.2014.Effects of amino-acid foliar fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and storage nourishment of‘Jufeng'grape[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,(11):52-54.]
欧阳琳,李春杰,夏鲁卿,刘枫,张黎黎,Muhammad Imtiaz,洪波,高俊平.2015.氨基酸肥料施用促进切花菊‘优香’养分吸收及品质优化[J].中国农业大学学报,20(3):90-99.[Ou Y L,Li C J,Xia L Q,Liu F,Zhang L L,Muhammad I,Hang B,Gao J P.2015.Amino acid fertilizer improved the nutrient uptake and the quality of cut Chrysanthemum morifolum‘Yuka’[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,20(3):90-99.]
申明,成学慧,谢荔,李翠,孙新娥,张治平,汪良驹.2012.氨基酸叶面肥对砂梨叶片光合作用的促进效应[J].南京农业大学学报,35(2):81-86.[Shen M,Cheng X H,Xie L,Li C,Sun X E,Zhang Z P,Wang L J.2012.Effects of amino-acid fertilizers on photosynthesis in leaves of pear cultivars[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,35(2):81-86.]
孙立南,潘一山.1999.绿芬威叶面肥喷施香蕉组培苗试验初探[J].洛阳农业高等专科学校学报,(2):77.[Sun L N,Pan Y S.1999.Preliminary study on the experiment of banana plantlets of spraying“LüFen Wei”foliar fertilizer[J].Journal of Luoyang Agricultural College,(2):77.]
唐淑燕,刘海燕.2010.天助成微量元素叶面肥在金红苹果上应用效果的报告[J].吉林农业(学术版),(12):153.[Tang S Y,Liu H Y.2010.Effects of Tianzhucheng microelement foliar fertilizer on Jinhong apple[J].Jilin Agriculture(Academic Edition),(12):153.]
谭正初,程孝,单武雄,包小村,刘勇,陈有光.2007.3种氨基酸叶面肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,(6):113-115.[Tan Z C,Cheng X,Shan W X,Bao X C,Liu Y,Chen Y G.2007.Effects of three kinds of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,(6):113-115.]
王秀娟,娄春荣,解占军,韩英祚.2011.中微量元素对辣椒养分吸收和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,(1):174-176.[Wang X J,Lou C R,Xie Z J,Han Y Z.2011.Effects of medium and trace elements on nutritive absorption and yield of pepper[J].Northern Horticulture,(1):174-176.]
魏守兴,谢子四,李志阳,谢建吉,罗石荣,陈业渊.2012.广西主要蕉园土壤肥力调查及评价[J].热带作物学报,33(8):1371-1377.[Wei S X,Xie Z S,Li Z Y,Xie J J,Luo SR,Chen Y Y.2012.Soil fertility investigation and evaluation for banana gardens in Guangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,33(8):1371-1377.]
徐娟.2002.几个柑桔产区果实色泽评价及红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis L.cv.Cara cara)果肉呈色机理初探[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Xu J.2002.Fruit color among citrus product areas and preliminary study on the mechanism of pigment accumulation in the flesh of red flesh(Citrus sinensis L.cv.Cara cara)[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
杨玉玲,卢晓延,周先国,严素,戴秀梅,张建奎.2013.喷施含腐植酸与微量元素的叶面肥对烤烟产质量的效应[J].西南农业学报,26(5):1966-1970.[Yang Y L,Lu X Y,Zhou X G,Yan S,Dai X M,Zhang J K.2013.Effect of spurting leaf-fertilizer with humic acid and trace elements on flue-cured tobacco yields and quality[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,26(5):1966-1970.]
杨江山.2012.氨基酸叶面肥对设施延后‘红地球’葡萄光合特性和品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,47(6):81-86.[Yang J S.2012.Effects of amino-acid fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of‘Red Globe’grape under delayed cultivation in greenhouse[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,47(6):81-86.]
于彩莲.2003.微量元素对龙胆药效成分、养分吸收和产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.[Yu C L.2003.Effects of microelements on the active ingredient,nutrient uptake and yield of gentiana[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University.]
张静.2007.叶面肥及其在作物上的应用[J].安徽农学通报,13(7):143-144.[Zhang J.2007.Foliar fertilizer and application in crops[J].Anhui Agriculture Science Bulletin,13(7):143-144.]
赵巧铃,潘明香.2010.不同微量元素叶面肥在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,(7):72.[Zhao Q L,Pan M X.2010.Study on application effect of different trace elements foliar fertilizer on cotton[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,(7):72.]
周英,陈振德,王海华,曹委.2011.海藻叶面肥对菠菜和不结球白菜产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(1):69-72.[Zhou Y,Chen Z D,Wang H H,Cao W.2011.Effects of seaweed foliar fertilizers on yield and quality of spinach and pakchoi[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,(1):69-72.]
邹云昌,姜家山,张在扬,杨光臣,陈绍旭.2014.五种叶面肥对次郎甜柿产量和品质影响的试验[J].热带农业科技,(3):31-32.[Zou Y C,Jiang J S,Zhang Z Y,Yang G C,Chen S X.2014.The effect of five foliage fertilizers on yield and quality of Jiro persimmon[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,(3):31-32.]
陈绍彬,储春荣.2011.海藻酸叶面肥对冠玉枇杷品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,(24):130.[Chen S B,Chu C R.2011.Effects of seaweed foliar fertilizer on Guanyu loquat quality[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,(24):130.]
戴东军.2009.微量元素叶面肥在水稻上的应用初探[J].上海农业科技,(5):67.[Dai D J.2009.Preliminary study on application of trace element foliar fertilizer in rice[J].Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,(5):67.]
丁文.1996.美国“高乐”叶面肥喷施效果初探[J].福建热作科技,(1):41-45.[Ding W.1996.Preliminary study on the effect of foliar fertilizer application of“Gao Le”[J].Fujian Science&Technology of Tropical Crops,(1):41-45.]
杜雷,陈钢,张利红,王素萍,练志诚,叶莉霞,葛米红.2015.氨基酸叶面肥对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,54(7):1564-1566.[Du L,Chen G,Zhang L H,Wang S P,Lian Z C,Ye L X,Ge M H.2015.Effects of amino-acid foliar fertilizer on yield and quality of strawberry(Fragaria ananassa)[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,54(7):1564-1566.]
蒋小林,黄景崇,彭金良,陈启新,单雪华,朱列书,刘本坤,李迪秦.2012.氨基酸复合叶面肥在烟草上的应用效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,(15):53-55.[Jiang X L,Huang JC,Peng J L,Chen Q X,Shan X H,Zhu L S,Liu B K,Li D Q.2012.Application effect of amino-acid foliar fertilizer on tobacco[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,(15):53-55.]
李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,赵秉强,王丽霞.2009.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,42(1):162-172.[Li Y T,Li X Y,Xiao Y,Zhao B Q,Wang L X.2009.Advances in study on mechanism of foliar nutrition and development of foliar fertilizer application[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,42(1):162-172.]
刘珅坤,郑秋玲,张超杰,刘万好,王婷,徐维华,唐美玲.2014.氨基酸叶面肥对巨峰葡萄光合性能及贮藏营养的影响[J].山东农业科学,(11):52-54.[Liu K K,Zheng Q L,Zhang C J,Liu W H,Wang T,Xu W H,Tang M L.2014.Effects of amino-acid foliar fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and storage nourishment of‘Jufeng'grape[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,(11):52-54.]
欧阳琳,李春杰,夏鲁卿,刘枫,张黎黎,Muhammad Imtiaz,洪波,高俊平.2015.氨基酸肥料施用促进切花菊‘优香’养分吸收及品质优化[J].中国农业大学学报,20(3):90-99.[Ou Y L,Li C J,Xia L Q,Liu F,Zhang L L,Muhammad I,Hang B,Gao J P.2015.Amino acid fertilizer improved the nutrient uptake and the quality of cut Chrysanthemum morifolum‘Yuka’[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,20(3):90-99.]
申明,成学慧,谢荔,李翠,孙新娥,张治平,汪良驹.2012.氨基酸叶面肥对砂梨叶片光合作用的促进效应[J].南京农业大学学报,35(2):81-86.[Shen M,Cheng X H,Xie L,Li C,Sun X E,Zhang Z P,Wang L J.2012.Effects of amino-acid fertilizers on photosynthesis in leaves of pear cultivars[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,35(2):81-86.]
孙立南,潘一山.1999.绿芬威叶面肥喷施香蕉组培苗试验初探[J].洛阳农业高等专科学校学报,(2):77.[Sun L N,Pan Y S.1999.Preliminary study on the experiment of banana plantlets of spraying“LüFen Wei”foliar fertilizer[J].Journal of Luoyang Agricultural College,(2):77.]
唐淑燕,刘海燕.2010.天助成微量元素叶面肥在金红苹果上应用效果的报告[J].吉林农业(学术版),(12):153.[Tang S Y,Liu H Y.2010.Effects of Tianzhucheng microelement foliar fertilizer on Jinhong apple[J].Jilin Agriculture(Academic Edition),(12):153.]
谭正初,程孝,单武雄,包小村,刘勇,陈有光.2007.3种氨基酸叶面肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,(6):113-115.[Tan Z C,Cheng X,Shan W X,Bao X C,Liu Y,Chen Y G.2007.Effects of three kinds of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,(6):113-115.]
王秀娟,娄春荣,解占军,韩英祚.2011.中微量元素对辣椒养分吸收和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,(1):174-176.[Wang X J,Lou C R,Xie Z J,Han Y Z.2011.Effects of medium and trace elements on nutritive absorption and yield of pepper[J].Northern Horticulture,(1):174-176.]
魏守兴,谢子四,李志阳,谢建吉,罗石荣,陈业渊.2012.广西主要蕉园土壤肥力调查及评价[J].热带作物学报,33(8):1371-1377.[Wei S X,Xie Z S,Li Z Y,Xie J J,Luo SR,Chen Y Y.2012.Soil fertility investigation and evaluation for banana gardens in Guangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,33(8):1371-1377.]
徐娟.2002.几个柑桔产区果实色泽评价及红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis L.cv.Cara cara)果肉呈色机理初探[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Xu J.2002.Fruit color among citrus product areas and preliminary study on the mechanism of pigment accumulation in the flesh of red flesh(Citrus sinensis L.cv.Cara cara)[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
杨玉玲,卢晓延,周先国,严素,戴秀梅,张建奎.2013.喷施含腐植酸与微量元素的叶面肥对烤烟产质量的效应[J].西南农业学报,26(5):1966-1970.[Yang Y L,Lu X Y,Zhou X G,Yan S,Dai X M,Zhang J K.2013.Effect of spurting leaf-fertilizer with humic acid and trace elements on flue-cured tobacco yields and quality[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,26(5):1966-1970.]
杨江山.2012.氨基酸叶面肥对设施延后‘红地球’葡萄光合特性和品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,47(6):81-86.[Yang J S.2012.Effects of amino-acid fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of‘Red Globe’grape under delayed cultivation in greenhouse[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,47(6):81-86.]
于彩莲.2003.微量元素对龙胆药效成分、养分吸收和产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.[Yu C L.2003.Effects of microelements on the active ingredient,nutrient uptake and yield of gentiana[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University.]
张静.2007.叶面肥及其在作物上的应用[J].安徽农学通报,13(7):143-144.[Zhang J.2007.Foliar fertilizer and application in crops[J].Anhui Agriculture Science Bulletin,13(7):143-144.]
赵巧铃,潘明香.2010.不同微量元素叶面肥在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,(7):72.[Zhao Q L,Pan M X.2010.Study on application effect of different trace elements foliar fertilizer on cotton[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,(7):72.]
周英,陈振德,王海华,曹委.2011.海藻叶面肥对菠菜和不结球白菜产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(1):69-72.[Zhou Y,Chen Z D,Wang H H,Cao W.2011.Effects of seaweed foliar fertilizers on yield and quality of spinach and pakchoi[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,(1):69-72.]
邹云昌,姜家山,张在扬,杨光臣,陈绍旭.2014.五种叶面肥对次郎甜柿产量和品质影响的试验[J].热带农业科技,(3):31-32.[Zou Y C,Jiang J S,Zhang Z Y,Yang G C,Chen S X.2014.The effect of five foliage fertilizers on yield and quality of Jiro persimmon[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,(3):31-32.]