“源—汇”景观理论的研究综述
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摘要
研究异质景观中静态格局与动态过程的关系一直是景观生态学研究的热点内容之一。源汇景观理论的提出能较好地将动态的过程融入静态的格局之中,有利于分析生态过程的产生、发展和消亡与景观空间格局之间的相互作用。并在洛伦兹曲线理论的基础上,构建了不受空间尺度限制的景观空间负荷对比景观指数,使定性分析过程与格局的关系转向定量分析成为可能,为研究景观生态效应提供一种新的视角,并在流域景观格局与非点源污染以及土壤侵蚀等问题的研究中得到进一步运用。源汇景观只针对某一特定的生态过程而言,不同的生态过程源汇景观类型的功能将重新被划分,且随着生态过程发展强度的变化也会进行源汇景观功能之间的转换,所以应加强景观格局对过程影响的机理性及生态环境的效应性研究,为流域景观的合理规划和布局、流域水土流失的治理和环境的保护提供重要参考。
The relationship between the static pattern and the dynamic process in heterogeneous landscape has always been one of the hot topics in landscape ecology.The concept of "source-sink" landscape theory can better integrate the dynamic process into the static pattern,which is beneficial for analyzing the interaction between the ecological process of production,development and extinction,and the spatial pattern of landscape.Based on Lorentz curve theory,a landscape pattern assessment model has been constructed,namely the space-load contrast index,which is not restricted by spatial scale,and makes it possible for the quantitative analysis of the relationship between process and pattern.It has provided a new perspective for exploring the ecological effects of landscape,and is further applied in the study of basin landscape pattern,non-point source pollution and soil erosion.The "source-sink" landscape pattern is directed at a specific ecological process,the functions of the "source-sink" landscape will be re-divided in different ecological processes,and the conversion between the "source-sink" functions will appear as the intensity of the ecological process develops.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the study of the mechanism of landscape pattern and its effect on ecological environment,so as to provide reference for the rational planning of the basin landscape,for the treatment of soil erosion in the basin and for the protection of the environment.
The relationship between the static pattern and the dynamic process in heterogeneous landscape has always been one of the hot topics in landscape ecology.The concept of "source-sink" landscape theory can better integrate the dynamic process into the static pattern,which is beneficial for analyzing the interaction between the ecological process of production,development and extinction,and the spatial pattern of landscape.Based on Lorentz curve theory,a landscape pattern assessment model has been constructed,namely the space-load contrast index,which is not restricted by spatial scale,and makes it possible for the quantitative analysis of the relationship between process and pattern.It has provided a new perspective for exploring the ecological effects of landscape,and is further applied in the study of basin landscape pattern,non-point source pollution and soil erosion.The "source-sink" landscape pattern is directed at a specific ecological process,the functions of the "source-sink" landscape will be re-divided in different ecological processes,and the conversion between the "source-sink" functions will appear as the intensity of the ecological process develops.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the study of the mechanism of landscape pattern and its effect on ecological environment,so as to provide reference for the rational planning of the basin landscape,for the treatment of soil erosion in the basin and for the protection of the environment.
引文
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[14]陈利顶,傅伯杰,徐建英,等.基于“源-汇”生态过程的景观格局识别方法---景观空间负荷对比指数[J].生态学报,2003(11):2406-2413.
[15]丁峰,张阳,李鱼.京津冀大气污染现状及防治方向探讨[J].环境保护,2014,42(21):55-57.
[16]蒋文伟,刘彤,丁丽霞,等.景观生态空间异质性的研究进展[J].浙江林学院学报,2003(3):87-90.
[17]侯彦林.“生态平衡施肥”的理论基础和技术体系[J].生态学报,2000(4):653-658.
[18]胡巍巍,王根绪,邓伟.景观格局与生态过程相互关系研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2008(1):18-24.
[19]彭建,王仰麟,张源,等.土地利用分类对景观格局指数的影响[J].地理学报,2006(2):157-168.
[20]高超,朱继业,窦贻俭,等.基于非点源污染控制的景观格局优化方法与原则[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):109-116.
[21]刘瑞民,杨志峰,丁晓雯,等.土地利用/覆盖变化对长江上游非点源污染影响研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(12):2709-2714.
[22]张殿发,王世杰,李瑞玲.土地利用/土地覆被变化对长江流域水环境的影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2003,22(1):69-72.
[23]陈利顶,傅伯杰,张淑荣.异质景观中非点源污染动态变化比较研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):808-816.
[24]BASNYAT P,TEETER L D,FLYNN K M,et al.Relationships between landscape characteristics and Non-point source pollution inputs to coastal estuary[J].Environmental Management,1999,23(4):539-549.
[25]颜节礼,王祖祥.洛伦兹曲线模型研究综述和最新进展[J].统计与决策,2014(1):34-39.
[26]岳隽,王仰麟,李贵才,等.不同尺度景观空间分异特征对水体质量的影响---以深圳市西丽水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2007(12):5271-5281.
[27]CHEN L,TIAN H,FU B,et al.Development of a new index for integrating landscape patterns with ecological processes at watershed scale[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2009,19(1):37-45.
[28]孙然好,陈利顶,王伟,等.基于“源”“汇”景观格局指数的海河流域总氮流失评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):1784-1788.
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