换枕车扒砟过程中扒齿下插阻力特性研究
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摘要
基于莫尔—库伦准则,研究换枕车扒齿在匀速垂直下插过程中道床的极限平衡状态以及扒齿下插阻力的变化规律。采用离散元法建立扒齿与道砟间的作用模型,从力链尺度上分析道床的失稳破坏与扒齿阻力的变化机理。研究结果表明:道床在极限状态下所发生的剪切滑移是引起扒齿底部道砟颗粒间力链迅速弯曲断裂的主要因素,力链的断裂进一步扩大道床的失稳破坏范围;扒齿下插阻力随扒齿底部力链的生成与断裂而出现波动且整体随下插深度的增加而变大。
In order to study the limit equilibrium state of the ballast bed and the change law of the rake teeth resistance during the uniform insertion of the teeth into the ballast bed, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion in the granule mechanics was selected. This paper uses discrete element method to establish the interaction model between the rake teeth and the ballast, and analyzes the mechanism of the instability and resistance of the track bed from the force chain scale. The results show that the shear slip occurred in the limit state of the track bed is the main factor causing the rapid bending and fracture of the force chain at the bottom of the teeth and the fracture of the force chain further expands the instability failure range of the ballast bed. The resistance of the teeth insertion fluctuates with the formation and fracture of the force chain at the bottom of the teeth and the resistance increases with the increase of the depth of the insertion.
In order to study the limit equilibrium state of the ballast bed and the change law of the rake teeth resistance during the uniform insertion of the teeth into the ballast bed, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion in the granule mechanics was selected. This paper uses discrete element method to establish the interaction model between the rake teeth and the ballast, and analyzes the mechanism of the instability and resistance of the track bed from the force chain scale. The results show that the shear slip occurred in the limit state of the track bed is the main factor causing the rapid bending and fracture of the force chain at the bottom of the teeth and the fracture of the force chain further expands the instability failure range of the ballast bed. The resistance of the teeth insertion fluctuates with the formation and fracture of the force chain at the bottom of the teeth and the resistance increases with the increase of the depth of the insertion.
引文
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[2]LIU S H,YAO Y P,SUN Q C,et al.Microscopic study on stress-strain relation of granular materials[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(23):4349-4357.
[3]孙其诚,金峰,王光谦,等.二维颗粒体系单轴压缩形成的力链结构[J].物理学报,2010,59(1):30-37.SUN Qichen,JIN Feng,WANG Guangqian,et al.Aforce chain structure formed by uniaxial compression of a two-dimensional particle system[J].Journal of Physics,2010,59(1):30-37.
[4]毕忠伟,孙其诚,刘建国,等.点载荷作用下密集颗粒物质的传力特性分析[J].力学与实践,2011,33(1):10-16.BI Zhongwei,SUN Qichen,LIU Jianguo,et al.The quasistatic response of a granular matter to a localized loading[J].Mechanics and Practice,2011,33(1):10-16.
[5]Grima A P,Wypych P W.Discrete element simulations of granular pile formation:Method for calibrating discrete element models[J].Engineering Computations,2011,28(3):314-339.
[6]Matsuoka H,Yamamoto S.A microscopic study on shear mechanism of granular materials by DEM[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu,2010,1994(487):167-175.
[7]Kumar N,Luding S,Magnanimo V.Macroscopic model with anisotropy based on micro-macro information[J].Acta Mechanica,2014,225(8):2319-2343.
[8]张伟.基于散粒体特性的轨枕替换机械研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010:13-25.ZHANG Wei.Mechanical study of sleeper replacement based on granular[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2010:13-25.
[9]YAO Y P,HOU W,ZHOU A N.UH model:Three-dimensional unified hardening model for overconsolidated clays[J].Géotechnique,2009,59(5):451-469.
[10]Nakai T,Hinokio M.A simple elastoplastic model for normally and over consolidated soils with unified material parameters[J].Soils and Foundations,2004,44(2):53-70.
[11]赵成刚,白冰,王运霞.土力学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:187.ZHAO Chengang,BAI Bing,WANG Yunxia.Principle of soil mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004:187.
[12]邵龙潭,刘士乙.基于极限平衡条件的土体局部稳定分析[J].地震工程学报,2011,33(3):209-211.SHAO Longtan,LIU Shiyi.Analysis on local stability of soil mass based on limit equilibrium condition[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(3):209-211.
[13]李艳洁,林剑辉,徐泳.圆锥指数仪贯入沙土试验的离散元法模拟[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(11):44-48.LI Yanjie,LIN Jianhui,XU Yong.Discrete element simulations of the cone penetration tests in sandy soil[J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(11):44-48.
[14]曹秒艳,董国疆,赵长财.基于离散元法的固体颗粒介质传力特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(14):62-69.CAO Miaoyan,DONG Guojiang,ZHAO Changcai.Study on the force transfer characteristics of solid particles based on discrete element method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(14):62-69.
[15]徐旸,高亮,杨国涛,等.道砟颗粒的精细化建模及对道床力学性能影响[J].铁道学报,2014,36(9):73-78.XU Yang,GAO Liang,YANG Guotao,et al.Modelling of ballast grains and influence on mechanical properties of track bed[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(9):73-78.