导叶开度对混流式水轮机压力脉动特性及流动诱导噪声的影响
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摘要
为研究导叶开度对混流式水轮机压力脉动特性及流动诱导噪声的影响,应用CFD和LMS Virtual Lab软件分别对混流式水轮机在三种导叶开度下进行非定常流场和声场数值计算。结果表明:混流式水轮机内压力脉动主要受到叶片通过频率(108.33Hz)以及低频脉动(4.15Hz)的影响;随着导叶开度的增大,叶频对转轮进口和蜗壳内压力脉动的影响逐渐增加;外场噪声的分布与混流式水轮机的几何轮廓相吻合;尾水管弯肘段有助于减弱混流式水轮机流动噪声声压;导叶开度越大,混流式水轮机辐射出的外场噪声声压值越大,偶极子特性越明显。研究结果可为混流式水轮机组的稳定运行及流动诱导噪声的控制提供参考。
In order to study the influence of different guide vane openings on the pressure pulsation characteristics and flow-induced noise in Francis turbine,we used CFD and LMS Virtual Lab software to calculate the unsteady flow field and sound field in a Francis turbine under three guide vane opening degrees.The results showed that the pressure pulsation in the Francis turbine was mainly affected by the rotation frequency of blade(108.33 Hz)and the low-frequency pressure-pulse(4.15 Hz).With the increase of the guide vane opening,the influence of blade frequency on the pressure pulsation in the inlet of the runner and the volute would gradually increase.The distribution of outfield noise accorded with the geometric contour of the Francis turbine.The elbow section of the draft tube was helpful for the attenuation of the flow-induced noise of the Francis turbine.The greater the guide vane opening,the greater the sound pressure of the external noise generated by the Francis turbine,and the more obvious the dipole characteristics.The research results can provide a reference for the stable operation of Francis turbine and the control of flow-induced noise.
In order to study the influence of different guide vane openings on the pressure pulsation characteristics and flow-induced noise in Francis turbine,we used CFD and LMS Virtual Lab software to calculate the unsteady flow field and sound field in a Francis turbine under three guide vane opening degrees.The results showed that the pressure pulsation in the Francis turbine was mainly affected by the rotation frequency of blade(108.33 Hz)and the low-frequency pressure-pulse(4.15 Hz).With the increase of the guide vane opening,the influence of blade frequency on the pressure pulsation in the inlet of the runner and the volute would gradually increase.The distribution of outfield noise accorded with the geometric contour of the Francis turbine.The elbow section of the draft tube was helpful for the attenuation of the flow-induced noise of the Francis turbine.The greater the guide vane opening,the greater the sound pressure of the external noise generated by the Francis turbine,and the more obvious the dipole characteristics.The research results can provide a reference for the stable operation of Francis turbine and the control of flow-induced noise.
引文
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[8]刘树红,邵奇,杨建明,等.三峡水轮机的非定常湍流计算及整机压力脉动分析[J].水力发电学报,2004(5):97-101.(LIU SH,SHAO Q,YANG J M,et al.Unsteady turbulent simulation of three gorges hydraulic turbine and analysis of pressure in the whole passage[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004(5):97-101.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1243.2004.05.021.
[9]季斌,罗先武,西道弘,等.混流式水轮机涡带工况下两级动静干涉及其压力脉动传播特性分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(1):191-196.(JI B,LUO X W,XI D H,et al.Analysis on characteristics of two-stage rotor-stator interaction and pressure fluctuation propagation in Francis turbine under partial load[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(1):191-196.(in Chinese))
[10]张兴,赖喜德,廖姣,等.混流式水轮机尾水管涡带及其改善措施研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(6):79-85.(ZHANG X,LAI X D,LIAO J,et al.Pressure fluctuation generated by vortex rope and improvement measures inside draft tube of Francis turbine[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(6):79-85.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20170609.
[11]郑源,蒋文青,陈宇杰,等.贯流式水轮机低频脉动及尾水管涡带特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):165-171.(ZHENG Y,JIANG W Q,CHEN Y J,et al.Investigation on low frequency pulsating and draft tube vortex of tubular turbine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery.2018,49(4):165-171.(in Chinese))DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.019.
[12]齐继贺.混流式水轮机尾水管涡带及压力脉动数值模拟[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(3):168-172.(QI J H.Numerical simulation of francis turbine draft tube vortex and pressure pulsation[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering.2017,28(3):168-172.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2017.03.31.
[13]冯建军,武桦,吴广宽,等.偏工况下混流式水轮机压力脉动数值仿真及其改善措施研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(9):1099-1105.(FENG J J,WU H,WU G K,et al.Numerical simulation of pressure fluctuation in a Francis turbine at part load conditions with improved measures[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.2014,45(9):1099-1105.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.09.011.
[14]LI W F,FENG J J,WU H,et al.Numerical investigation of pressure fluctuation reducing in draft tube of Francis turbines[J].International Journal of Fluid Machinery&Systems,2015,8(3):202-208.DOI:10.5293/IJFMS.2015.8.3.202.
[15]郑源,陈宇杰,毛秀丽,等.混流泵压力脉动特性及其对流动诱导噪声的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):67-73.(ZHENG Y,CHEN Y J,MAO X L,et al.Pressure pulsation characteristics and its impact on flow-induced noise in mixedflow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(23):67-73.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.23.009.
[16]张德胜,王海宇,施卫东,等.轴流泵多工况压力脉动特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(11):139-145.(ZHANG D S,WANG H Y,SHI W D,et al.Experimental investigation of pressure fluctuation with multiple flow rates in scaled axial flow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(11):139-145.(in Chinese))DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.11.022.
[17]季燕羽,吴贤芳,刘厚林,等.轴流泵内部流动诱导噪声数值研究[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(7):130-134.(JI Y Y,WU XF,LIU H L,et al.Numerical study on internal flow-induced noise in axial flow pump[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(7):130-134.(in Chinese))
[18]SI Q R,YUAN S Q,YUAN J P,et al.Investigationon FlowInduced Noise due to Backflow in Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pumps[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2013,109048.
[19]OPPERWALL T,VACCA A.A combined FEM/BEM model and experimental investigation into the effects of fluidborne noise sources on the air-borne noise generated by hydraulic pumps and motors[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2014,228(3):457-471.DOI:10.1177/0954406213486591.
[20]袁寿其,薛菲,袁建平,等.离心泵压力脉动对流动噪声影响的试验研究[J].排灌机械,2009,27(5):287-290.(YUAN SQ,XUE F,YUAN J P,et al.Experimental study on impact of pressure fluctuation on flow noise in centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2009,27(5):287-290.(in Chinese))
[21]代翠.离心泵作透平流体诱发噪声特性理论数值与试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2014.(DAI C.Flow-induced noise characteristics for centrifugal pump as turbine:theoretical,numerical and experimental investigations[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2014.(in Chinese))
[22]YANG J,YUAN S,YUAN J,et al.Numerical and experimental study on Flow-induced noise at blade-passing frequency in centrifugal pumps[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,27(3):606-614.DOI:10.3901/CJME.2014.03.606.
[23]DONG R,CHU S,KATZ J.Effect of modification to tongue and impeller geometry on unsteady flow pressure fluctuations and noise in a centrifugal pump[J].Transcations of the ASME,1997(119):506-515.
[24]施伟.大型低扬程泵优化设计及内部流动特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2015.(SHI W.Study on internal flow characteristics and optimal design of large-scale pumps with lowhead[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2015.(in Chinese))
[25]李启章,张强,于纪幸,等.混流式水轮机水力稳定性研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.(LI Q Z,ZHANG Q,YU J X,et al.Study on hydraulic stability of Francis turbine[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[2]刘小伟.混流式水轮机全流道仿真研究与压力脉动分析[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.(LIU X W.Simulation and pressure pulsation analysis of total flow path of Francis turbine[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2017.(in Chinese))
[3]王学谦,赵兰浩.抽水蓄能电站地下厂房振因仿真分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(3):76-81.(WANG X Q,ZHAOL H.Simulation analysis of the vibration causes of underground powerhouse in pumped storage power station[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(3):76-81.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2013.03076.
[4]张飞,周喜军,孙慧芳,等.水力激振作用下的蓄能机组泵工况稳定性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(5):202-208.(ZHANG F,ZHOU X J,SUN H F,et al.Stability of pumped storage unit in pump operation mode under hydraulic excitation[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(5):202-208.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.05.031.
[5]刘攀,陈学力,汪泉,李德忠.高水头混流式水轮机的动静干涉与振动问题研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(3):91-98.(LIUP,CHEN X L,WANG Q,et al.Analysis of rotor-stator interaction and vibration in high-head Francis turbines[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(03):91-98.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20160311.
[6]卢磊,张礼达,杨静,等.低水头混流式水轮机振动噪声的原因分析及研究[J].水力发电,2014,40(3):47-49.(LU L,ZHANG L D,YANG J,et al.Analysis and Research on the Vibration and Noise of a Low Head Francis Turbine[J].Water Power,2014,40(3):47-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0559-9342.2014.03.014.
[7]代翠,董亮,孔繁余,等.泵作透平振动噪声机理分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):114-119.(DAI C,DONG L,KONG F Y,et al.Mechanism analysis of vibration and noise for centrifugal pump working as turbine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(15):114-119.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.15.016.
[8]刘树红,邵奇,杨建明,等.三峡水轮机的非定常湍流计算及整机压力脉动分析[J].水力发电学报,2004(5):97-101.(LIU SH,SHAO Q,YANG J M,et al.Unsteady turbulent simulation of three gorges hydraulic turbine and analysis of pressure in the whole passage[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004(5):97-101.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1243.2004.05.021.
[9]季斌,罗先武,西道弘,等.混流式水轮机涡带工况下两级动静干涉及其压力脉动传播特性分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(1):191-196.(JI B,LUO X W,XI D H,et al.Analysis on characteristics of two-stage rotor-stator interaction and pressure fluctuation propagation in Francis turbine under partial load[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(1):191-196.(in Chinese))
[10]张兴,赖喜德,廖姣,等.混流式水轮机尾水管涡带及其改善措施研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(6):79-85.(ZHANG X,LAI X D,LIAO J,et al.Pressure fluctuation generated by vortex rope and improvement measures inside draft tube of Francis turbine[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(6):79-85.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20170609.
[11]郑源,蒋文青,陈宇杰,等.贯流式水轮机低频脉动及尾水管涡带特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):165-171.(ZHENG Y,JIANG W Q,CHEN Y J,et al.Investigation on low frequency pulsating and draft tube vortex of tubular turbine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery.2018,49(4):165-171.(in Chinese))DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.019.
[12]齐继贺.混流式水轮机尾水管涡带及压力脉动数值模拟[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(3):168-172.(QI J H.Numerical simulation of francis turbine draft tube vortex and pressure pulsation[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering.2017,28(3):168-172.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2017.03.31.
[13]冯建军,武桦,吴广宽,等.偏工况下混流式水轮机压力脉动数值仿真及其改善措施研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(9):1099-1105.(FENG J J,WU H,WU G K,et al.Numerical simulation of pressure fluctuation in a Francis turbine at part load conditions with improved measures[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.2014,45(9):1099-1105.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.09.011.
[14]LI W F,FENG J J,WU H,et al.Numerical investigation of pressure fluctuation reducing in draft tube of Francis turbines[J].International Journal of Fluid Machinery&Systems,2015,8(3):202-208.DOI:10.5293/IJFMS.2015.8.3.202.
[15]郑源,陈宇杰,毛秀丽,等.混流泵压力脉动特性及其对流动诱导噪声的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):67-73.(ZHENG Y,CHEN Y J,MAO X L,et al.Pressure pulsation characteristics and its impact on flow-induced noise in mixedflow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(23):67-73.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.23.009.
[16]张德胜,王海宇,施卫东,等.轴流泵多工况压力脉动特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(11):139-145.(ZHANG D S,WANG H Y,SHI W D,et al.Experimental investigation of pressure fluctuation with multiple flow rates in scaled axial flow pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(11):139-145.(in Chinese))DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.11.022.
[17]季燕羽,吴贤芳,刘厚林,等.轴流泵内部流动诱导噪声数值研究[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(7):130-134.(JI Y Y,WU XF,LIU H L,et al.Numerical study on internal flow-induced noise in axial flow pump[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(7):130-134.(in Chinese))
[18]SI Q R,YUAN S Q,YUAN J P,et al.Investigationon FlowInduced Noise due to Backflow in Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pumps[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2013,109048.
[19]OPPERWALL T,VACCA A.A combined FEM/BEM model and experimental investigation into the effects of fluidborne noise sources on the air-borne noise generated by hydraulic pumps and motors[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2014,228(3):457-471.DOI:10.1177/0954406213486591.
[20]袁寿其,薛菲,袁建平,等.离心泵压力脉动对流动噪声影响的试验研究[J].排灌机械,2009,27(5):287-290.(YUAN SQ,XUE F,YUAN J P,et al.Experimental study on impact of pressure fluctuation on flow noise in centrifugal pump[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2009,27(5):287-290.(in Chinese))
[21]代翠.离心泵作透平流体诱发噪声特性理论数值与试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2014.(DAI C.Flow-induced noise characteristics for centrifugal pump as turbine:theoretical,numerical and experimental investigations[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2014.(in Chinese))
[22]YANG J,YUAN S,YUAN J,et al.Numerical and experimental study on Flow-induced noise at blade-passing frequency in centrifugal pumps[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,27(3):606-614.DOI:10.3901/CJME.2014.03.606.
[23]DONG R,CHU S,KATZ J.Effect of modification to tongue and impeller geometry on unsteady flow pressure fluctuations and noise in a centrifugal pump[J].Transcations of the ASME,1997(119):506-515.
[24]施伟.大型低扬程泵优化设计及内部流动特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2015.(SHI W.Study on internal flow characteristics and optimal design of large-scale pumps with lowhead[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2015.(in Chinese))
[25]李启章,张强,于纪幸,等.混流式水轮机水力稳定性研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.(LI Q Z,ZHANG Q,YU J X,et al.Study on hydraulic stability of Francis turbine[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2014.(in Chinese))