大理周城白族甲马艺术探析
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摘要
大理周城白族甲马艺术具有浓郁的地域特色,是当地民间信仰重要的载体之一,承担着人与未知世界的"沟通"渠道,在当地白族民众生活中发挥着重要的作用。白族甲马题材多元与当地文化有着密切的关系;制作工艺再现了当地工艺文化和造物思想;具有强烈的程式化艺术特征,其中符号化与稚拙性尤为明显。因甲马所属宗教艺术的范畴,当地年轻一代很少有人愿意从事此工艺,故而传承面临着极大的困境。甲马艺术中的创新意识展现了当地民间艺人对甲马文化的执着追求,以及对白族文化的认同与传承。甲马艺术在方寸之间折射出白族文化的方方面面,同时也体现当地民众对幸福美好生活的追求。
The Jiama art of Bai Nationality in Zhoucheng of Dali has strong regional characteristics. It is one of the important carriers for local folk beliefs,bears the "communication"channel between human beings and unknown world,and plays an important role in daily life of the local Bai Nationality. The diversified subjects of Jiama of Bai Nationality have a close relationship with the local culture; the workmanship reproduces the local craft culture and idea of creation; it has intense stylized artistic features,wherein,the symbolization and uncomplicated characteristics are especially obvious. As Jiama belongs to the category of religious art,the local young generation seldom engages in this craftwork,the inheritance faces adverse conditions. The consciousness of innovation in Jiama art displays the persistent pursuit of local folk artisans to Jiama culture,and the identification and inheritance to the culture of Bai Nationality. Jiama art reflects aspects of the culture of Bai Nationality in details. It also embodies the local people's pursuit for a happy life.
The Jiama art of Bai Nationality in Zhoucheng of Dali has strong regional characteristics. It is one of the important carriers for local folk beliefs,bears the "communication"channel between human beings and unknown world,and plays an important role in daily life of the local Bai Nationality. The diversified subjects of Jiama of Bai Nationality have a close relationship with the local culture; the workmanship reproduces the local craft culture and idea of creation; it has intense stylized artistic features,wherein,the symbolization and uncomplicated characteristics are especially obvious. As Jiama belongs to the category of religious art,the local young generation seldom engages in this craftwork,the inheritance faces adverse conditions. The consciousness of innovation in Jiama art displays the persistent pursuit of local folk artisans to Jiama culture,and the identification and inheritance to the culture of Bai Nationality. Jiama art reflects aspects of the culture of Bai Nationality in details. It also embodies the local people's pursuit for a happy life.
引文
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[2]余宏刚.大理甲马艺术及其在现代设计中的运用研究[D].云南民族大学,2012:9.
[3]李伟卿.大理甲马与白族的民间诸神[J].云南民族学院学报,1998(2):28-33.
[4]安学斌.白族本主祭祀仪式象征意义的阐解[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,164(1):70-74.
[5]C. P.费茨杰拉德.五华楼:关于云南大理民家的研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2006.
[6]董建中.阴苍玉洱间的神奇信仰——白族本主[M].成都:四川文艺出版社,2003:14.
[7]杨国才,孙雅丽.本主庙:白族文化的博物馆[J].中央民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2001,137(4):61-69.
[8]余宏刚.大理巍山和周城甲马艺术异同探析[J].西北美术,2017,122(1):107-111.
[9]邓福星.中国民间美术学导论[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江美术出版社,2000:243.