利用方式对大针茅草原优势种糙隐子草空间异质性的影响
|
摘要
为探讨不同草地利用方式下糙隐子草种群空间分布的变化特点,以内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟毛登牧场大针茅草原优势物种糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)为研究对象,通过野外试验,以地统计学为基础,采用半方差函数、分形维数及克里格插值法,分析了围封、放牧和刈割样地糙隐子草种群小尺度空间分布异质性。结果表明:糙隐子草种群密度分别为放牧(28.63株·m~(-2))>围封(13.60株·m~(-2))>刈割(3.85株·m~(-2))(P<0.05),放牧显著增加糙隐子草种群密度(P<0.05),而刈割显著降低糙隐子草种群密度(P<0.05);通过半方差函数进行模型拟合,围封、放牧和刈割样地糙隐子草种群分布分别符合指数模型、球状模型和球状模型;空间分布格局分析表明,各样地糙隐子草种群的结构比分别为刈割(91.9%)>放牧(75.3%)>围封(71.1%),放牧与刈割样地的空间自相关性均较高,主要受结构性因素影响,而围封样地空间自相关处于中等程度,受随机性因素影响较大;结合分形维数、2D平面图及3D立体图分析,3块样地空间结构良好,空间分布简单,说明合理放牧及刈割不会对种群分布格局造成很大影响,但与围封样地相比,放牧增加了糙隐子草种群空间异质性,而刈割降低了种群异质性。
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the changes of spatial distribution of Cleistogenes squarrosa population on Stipa grandis steppe under different utilization regimes(exclosure,mowing,and grazing) in Maodeng ranch,Xilingol,Inner Mongolia.With geostatistics,the semi-variance function,fractal dimension and Kriging interpolation method,we analyzed the effects of small-scale spatial heterogeneity of C.squarrosa population in exclosure,grazing,and mowing treatments.The results showed that population density of C.squarrosa followed the order:grazing(28.63 plants·m~(-2))>exclosure(13.60 plants·m~(-2))>mowing(3.85 plants·m~(-2))(P<0.05).Grazing increased while mowing reduced population density of C.squarrosa(both P<0.05).Population densities of C.squarrosa under the treatments of exclosure,grazing and mowing were consistent with exponential model,spherical model and spherical model,respectively.According to the results of spatial distribution pattern analysis,the structural ratio of C.squarrosa population under mowing,grazing and exclosure was 91.9%,75.3%,and 71.1%,respectively.The spatial autocorrelations of grazing and mowing treatments were higher mainly due to structural factors,while that of the exclosure treatment was moderate and affected by random factors.Combined with the fractal dimension and 2 D and 3 D views,the spatial structure of the three plots was good with simple spatial distribution,indicating that reasonable grazing and mowing did not impact the distribution of C.squarrosa population.Compared to the exclosure treatment,grazing increased and mowing reduced the spatial heterogeneity of C.squarrosa population.
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the changes of spatial distribution of Cleistogenes squarrosa population on Stipa grandis steppe under different utilization regimes(exclosure,mowing,and grazing) in Maodeng ranch,Xilingol,Inner Mongolia.With geostatistics,the semi-variance function,fractal dimension and Kriging interpolation method,we analyzed the effects of small-scale spatial heterogeneity of C.squarrosa population in exclosure,grazing,and mowing treatments.The results showed that population density of C.squarrosa followed the order:grazing(28.63 plants·m~(-2))>exclosure(13.60 plants·m~(-2))>mowing(3.85 plants·m~(-2))(P<0.05).Grazing increased while mowing reduced population density of C.squarrosa(both P<0.05).Population densities of C.squarrosa under the treatments of exclosure,grazing and mowing were consistent with exponential model,spherical model and spherical model,respectively.According to the results of spatial distribution pattern analysis,the structural ratio of C.squarrosa population under mowing,grazing and exclosure was 91.9%,75.3%,and 71.1%,respectively.The spatial autocorrelations of grazing and mowing treatments were higher mainly due to structural factors,while that of the exclosure treatment was moderate and affected by random factors.Combined with the fractal dimension and 2 D and 3 D views,the spatial structure of the three plots was good with simple spatial distribution,indicating that reasonable grazing and mowing did not impact the distribution of C.squarrosa population.Compared to the exclosure treatment,grazing increased and mowing reduced the spatial heterogeneity of C.squarrosa population.
引文
白永飞,许志信,李德新.2002.内蒙古高原针茅草原群落土壤水分和碳、氮分布的小尺度空间异质性.生态学报,22(8):1215-1223.
陈万杰,薛文杰,古琛,等.2016.草地利用方式对典型草原大针茅种群空间异质性的影响.生态学杂志,35(10):2569-2574.
程积民,邹厚远.1998.封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响.水土保持研究,5(1):36-54.
韩砚君,牛建明,张庆,等.2014.锡林河流域近30年草原植被格局动态及驱动力分析.中国草地学报,36(2):70-77.
呼格吉勒图,杨劼,宝音陶格涛,等.2009.不同干扰对典型草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响.草业学报,18(3):6-11.
黄琛,张宇,王静,等.2014.不同放牧强度下短花针茅荒漠草原植被的空间异质性.植物生态学报,38(11):1184-1193.
李金花,李镇清,任继周.2002.放牧对草原植物的影响.草业学报,11(1):1-3.
刘红梅,卫智军,杨静,等.2011.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原短花针茅空间异质性的影响.干旱区资源与环境,25(8):138-143.
刘金鑫,宫渊波,左琴,等.2012.山地牧道与植被空间异质性研究评述.草业学报,21(1):254-261.
吕世杰,聂雨芊,桑雪颖,等.2014.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草空间异质性的影响.内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,35(6):171-176.
吕世杰,张爽,刘红梅,等.2017.短花针茅荒漠草原建群种空间分布的多重分形研究.干旱区资源与环境,31(4):106-112.
任国华,张宾宾,张智袁,等.2015.放牧和围封对赖草草地群落空间分布特征的影响.山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,35(5):504-508.
万志强,杨九艳,闫玉龙,等.2017.不同刈割频度对大针茅草原土壤呼吸及其土壤因子的影响.草业学报,26(7):225-231.
王本洋,余世孝.2005.种群分布格局的多尺度分析.植物生态学报,29(2):235-241.
卫智军,韩国栋,赵钢,等.2013.中国荒漠草原生态系统研究.北京:科学出版社.
闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.2009.围封对草地的影响研究进展.生态学报,29(9):5039-5046.
殷国梅,吕世杰,丁海君,等.2017.不同载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原建群种空间异质性的影响.草地学报,25(3):486-491.
张建丽,张丽红,陈丽萍,等.2012.不同管理方式对锡林郭勒大针茅典型草原退化群落的恢复作用.中国草地学报,34(6):81-88.
张晓娜,哈达朝鲁,潘庆民.2010.刈割干扰下内蒙古草原两种丛生禾草繁殖策略的适应性调节.植物生态学报,34(3):253-262.
Hening A,Nguyen DH,Yin G.2018.Stochastic population growth in spatially heterogeneous environments:The density-dependent case.Journal of Mathematical Biology,6:697-754.
Dodds WK,Higgs SA,Margaret J.2018.Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network.Hydrobiologia,813:85-102.
Fortin MJ,Drapeau P,Legendre P.1989.Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in plant ecology.Vegetatio,83:209-222.
Fortin MJ,Dale M.2014.Spatial analysis:A guide for ecologists(2nd ed.).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Kolasa J,Pickett STA.1991.Ecological Heterogeneity.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.
Laycock WA.1989.Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands:A viewpoint.Journal of Range Management,42:266-274.
Leary JO,Eastwood D,Müller C,et al.2018.Emergent properties arising from spatial heterogeneity influence fungal community dynamics.Fungal Ecology,33:32-39.
Levin SA.1992.The problem of pattern and scale in ecology.Ecology,73:1943-1967.
Sha ZY,Zhong JL,Bai YF,et al.2016.Spatio-temporal patterns of satellite-derived grassland vegetation phenology from 1998 to 2012 in Inner Mongolia,China.Journal of Arid Land,8:462-477.
Titus JH,Nowak RS,Smith SD.2002.Soil resource heterogeneity in the Mojave Desert.Journal of Arid Environments,52:269-292.
Westoby M,Walker B,Noy MI.1989.Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium.Journal of Range Management,42:266-274.
陈万杰,薛文杰,古琛,等.2016.草地利用方式对典型草原大针茅种群空间异质性的影响.生态学杂志,35(10):2569-2574.
程积民,邹厚远.1998.封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响.水土保持研究,5(1):36-54.
韩砚君,牛建明,张庆,等.2014.锡林河流域近30年草原植被格局动态及驱动力分析.中国草地学报,36(2):70-77.
呼格吉勒图,杨劼,宝音陶格涛,等.2009.不同干扰对典型草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响.草业学报,18(3):6-11.
黄琛,张宇,王静,等.2014.不同放牧强度下短花针茅荒漠草原植被的空间异质性.植物生态学报,38(11):1184-1193.
李金花,李镇清,任继周.2002.放牧对草原植物的影响.草业学报,11(1):1-3.
刘红梅,卫智军,杨静,等.2011.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原短花针茅空间异质性的影响.干旱区资源与环境,25(8):138-143.
刘金鑫,宫渊波,左琴,等.2012.山地牧道与植被空间异质性研究评述.草业学报,21(1):254-261.
吕世杰,聂雨芊,桑雪颖,等.2014.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草空间异质性的影响.内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,35(6):171-176.
吕世杰,张爽,刘红梅,等.2017.短花针茅荒漠草原建群种空间分布的多重分形研究.干旱区资源与环境,31(4):106-112.
任国华,张宾宾,张智袁,等.2015.放牧和围封对赖草草地群落空间分布特征的影响.山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,35(5):504-508.
万志强,杨九艳,闫玉龙,等.2017.不同刈割频度对大针茅草原土壤呼吸及其土壤因子的影响.草业学报,26(7):225-231.
王本洋,余世孝.2005.种群分布格局的多尺度分析.植物生态学报,29(2):235-241.
卫智军,韩国栋,赵钢,等.2013.中国荒漠草原生态系统研究.北京:科学出版社.
闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.2009.围封对草地的影响研究进展.生态学报,29(9):5039-5046.
殷国梅,吕世杰,丁海君,等.2017.不同载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原建群种空间异质性的影响.草地学报,25(3):486-491.
张建丽,张丽红,陈丽萍,等.2012.不同管理方式对锡林郭勒大针茅典型草原退化群落的恢复作用.中国草地学报,34(6):81-88.
张晓娜,哈达朝鲁,潘庆民.2010.刈割干扰下内蒙古草原两种丛生禾草繁殖策略的适应性调节.植物生态学报,34(3):253-262.
Hening A,Nguyen DH,Yin G.2018.Stochastic population growth in spatially heterogeneous environments:The density-dependent case.Journal of Mathematical Biology,6:697-754.
Dodds WK,Higgs SA,Margaret J.2018.Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network.Hydrobiologia,813:85-102.
Fortin MJ,Drapeau P,Legendre P.1989.Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in plant ecology.Vegetatio,83:209-222.
Fortin MJ,Dale M.2014.Spatial analysis:A guide for ecologists(2nd ed.).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Kolasa J,Pickett STA.1991.Ecological Heterogeneity.NewYork:Springer-Verlag.
Laycock WA.1989.Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands:A viewpoint.Journal of Range Management,42:266-274.
Leary JO,Eastwood D,Müller C,et al.2018.Emergent properties arising from spatial heterogeneity influence fungal community dynamics.Fungal Ecology,33:32-39.
Levin SA.1992.The problem of pattern and scale in ecology.Ecology,73:1943-1967.
Sha ZY,Zhong JL,Bai YF,et al.2016.Spatio-temporal patterns of satellite-derived grassland vegetation phenology from 1998 to 2012 in Inner Mongolia,China.Journal of Arid Land,8:462-477.
Titus JH,Nowak RS,Smith SD.2002.Soil resource heterogeneity in the Mojave Desert.Journal of Arid Environments,52:269-292.
Westoby M,Walker B,Noy MI.1989.Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium.Journal of Range Management,42:266-274.