我国杉木人工林可持续经营面临的问题及发展策略——基于全国分布区的调查
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摘要
基于2018年7—8月对我国杉木分布区进行的实地调查,总结整理了影响杉木人工林可持续经营的问题,包括"重栽疏养"、极端气候事件频发、做不到"适地适树"、群众造林积极性降低、林业部门投入减少以及木材价格波动频繁等问题。针对以上林农、林场、林业科研院所、林业局等相关林业部门存在的普遍问题,提出推动绿色生态优先发展、加大林场专项资金扶持力度、良种基地建设和技术推广、遵循因地制宜的原则、加快林间混生套种以及林下经济建设、加大林地管理力度、提高应对极端气候事件危害能力、加强木材价格依法管理、着重杉木相关产品开发等相应的对策和政策,以期为杉木人工林的可持续经营提供理论上的支持。
Based on the field investigation of the distribution area of Chinese Fir plantation in July and August of 2018, we summarized the problems that affect the sustainable management of Chinese fir plantation, including that more attention to planting than maintenance, frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, failure to plant suitable species for the selected site, lowered enthusiasm of people to afforest, the inputs reduction in forestry sector, and frequently fluctuated wood price fluctuated.With an eye to these rampant problems found in the forestry sector including forestry farmers, forest farms, forestry research institutes and forestry bureaus, we put forward the corresponding countermeasures and policies,, i.e., prioritizing the green ecological development, increasing the support of special funds for forest farms, improving seed bases construction and the technology extension, following the principle of adapting the development to local conditions, facilitating interplanting and understorey economic development, tightening the forest land management, improving the capacity in response to extreme weather events, strengthening the management of wood price according to law, and focusing on the development of Chinese fir related products.These were hoped to provide theoretical supports for the sustainable management of Chinese fir plantations.
Based on the field investigation of the distribution area of Chinese Fir plantation in July and August of 2018, we summarized the problems that affect the sustainable management of Chinese fir plantation, including that more attention to planting than maintenance, frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, failure to plant suitable species for the selected site, lowered enthusiasm of people to afforest, the inputs reduction in forestry sector, and frequently fluctuated wood price fluctuated.With an eye to these rampant problems found in the forestry sector including forestry farmers, forest farms, forestry research institutes and forestry bureaus, we put forward the corresponding countermeasures and policies,, i.e., prioritizing the green ecological development, increasing the support of special funds for forest farms, improving seed bases construction and the technology extension, following the principle of adapting the development to local conditions, facilitating interplanting and understorey economic development, tightening the forest land management, improving the capacity in response to extreme weather events, strengthening the management of wood price according to law, and focusing on the development of Chinese fir related products.These were hoped to provide theoretical supports for the sustainable management of Chinese fir plantations.
引文
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[2]蒋恕.杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata( Lamb.)Hook.开花结籽的解剖学观察 [J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1980(1):109-115.
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[11]鄢雪英,丁建丽,张喆,等.中亚土库曼斯坦典型绿洲荒漠化动态遥感监测 [J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(2):103-110.
[12]曾立雄,肖文发,黄志霖,等.三峡库区不同退耕还林模式水土流失特征及其影响因子 [J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1): 146-152.
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[15]林业部国营林场总局种苗处.采集良种巩固种源:湖南会同县杉木种子工作调查报告 [J].林业科技通讯,1965(16):6-8.
[16]王秀梅.杉木育苗及栽植技术探析 [J].今日科苑,2008(22):135.
[17]班荣辽.杉木高效经济生态造林技术探讨 [J].绿色科技,2017(19):185-186.
[18]吕翼.丘陵地区栽植杉木的几个技术问题 [J].湖北农业科学,1966(1):53-54.
[19]陈友根,易孟生,李荷云,等.杉木大径材定向培育技术中试初报 [J].江西林业科技,2001(1):5-11.
[20]杨玉盛,林先富,俞新妥,等.杉木套种山苍子模式的结构与生物量初步研究 [J].福建林学院学报,1991(4):341-348.
[21]杨玉盛,林先富,邹双全,等.杉木-山苍子套种模式土壤物理性质和短期收益的研究 [J].福建林学院学报,1991(3):241-248.
[22]何宗明,杨玉盛,洪伟.杉木-山苍子不同套种模式综合效益的研究 [J].福建林学院学报,1996(3):251-254.
[23]葛乐,虞木奎,成向荣,等.杉木林下套种不同树种对土壤改良效应初探 [J].土壤通报,2011,42(4):948-952.
[24]张培新,黄国强.杉木林套种竹子好处多 [J].浙江林业,2002(12):18-19.
[25]王蒙燕.林下经济的经营模式研究 [J].农业经济,2015(9):30-32.
[26]马世春,杨文斌.人工林杉木板材高温和常温组合干燥研究 [J].林业科学,2006,42(3):125-128.
[27]蔡家斌.热压干燥工艺对速生杉木板材尺寸稳定性的影响 [J].南京林业大学学报,1997,21(4):108-111.
[28]薛凤莲,赵广杰.杉木/钙基蒙脱土插层复合板材的力学性能研究 [J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(增刊1):112-116.
[29]刘娟,张曼.杉木化学成分及药理作用研究进展 [J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2010,12(9):8-9.
[30]胡铁,谷政伟,钟雄,等.杉木屑精油提取工艺及成分分析 [J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(14):3387-3390.
[31]傅星星,郑德勇.浅谈杉木精油的开发前景 [J].福建林业科技,2008,35(4):267-269.
[2]蒋恕.杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata( Lamb.)Hook.开花结籽的解剖学观察 [J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1980(1):109-115.
[3]郦其浩,邓观贵,冯绍平,等.从杉木林不同间伐的初步效果探讨杉木造林株行距的合理配置 [J].浙江林业科技,1984(4):8-11.
[4]杨承栋.杉木人工林地力衰退的原因机制及其防治措施 [J].世界林业研究,1997,10(4):35-40.
[5]冯相昭,邹骥,马珊,等.极端气候事件对中国农村经济影响的评价 [J].农业技术经济,2007(2):19-25.
[6]黄开勇,陈代喜,万业靖,等.桂西北地区杉木冰冻雪灾与恢复措施 [J].广西林业科学,2008(1):45-46.
[7]苏志满,徐林荣,鵜飼恵三,等.2007年日本群马县南牧村泥石流成灾特点与启示 [J].山地学报,2010,28(3):367-372.
[8]陈代喜,黄开勇.论杉木速生丰产林推广的配套技术 [J].广西林业科学,2001(4):180-182.
[9]陈代喜,黄开勇.杉木速生丰产林组装配套栽培技术 [J].林业科技开发,2002(增刊1):64-66.
[10]杨晓玲,丁文魁,王鹤龄,等.河西走廊东部沙尘暴气候特征及短时预报 [J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):449-457.
[11]鄢雪英,丁建丽,张喆,等.中亚土库曼斯坦典型绿洲荒漠化动态遥感监测 [J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(2):103-110.
[12]曾立雄,肖文发,黄志霖,等.三峡库区不同退耕还林模式水土流失特征及其影响因子 [J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1): 146-152.
[13]于大炮,周旺明,包也,等.天保工程实施以来东北阔叶红松林的可持续经营 [J].生态学报,2015,35(1):10-17.
[14]夏青.塔河生态治理续写“绿色传奇”[N].新疆日报,2017-12-28(1).
[15]林业部国营林场总局种苗处.采集良种巩固种源:湖南会同县杉木种子工作调查报告 [J].林业科技通讯,1965(16):6-8.
[16]王秀梅.杉木育苗及栽植技术探析 [J].今日科苑,2008(22):135.
[17]班荣辽.杉木高效经济生态造林技术探讨 [J].绿色科技,2017(19):185-186.
[18]吕翼.丘陵地区栽植杉木的几个技术问题 [J].湖北农业科学,1966(1):53-54.
[19]陈友根,易孟生,李荷云,等.杉木大径材定向培育技术中试初报 [J].江西林业科技,2001(1):5-11.
[20]杨玉盛,林先富,俞新妥,等.杉木套种山苍子模式的结构与生物量初步研究 [J].福建林学院学报,1991(4):341-348.
[21]杨玉盛,林先富,邹双全,等.杉木-山苍子套种模式土壤物理性质和短期收益的研究 [J].福建林学院学报,1991(3):241-248.
[22]何宗明,杨玉盛,洪伟.杉木-山苍子不同套种模式综合效益的研究 [J].福建林学院学报,1996(3):251-254.
[23]葛乐,虞木奎,成向荣,等.杉木林下套种不同树种对土壤改良效应初探 [J].土壤通报,2011,42(4):948-952.
[24]张培新,黄国强.杉木林套种竹子好处多 [J].浙江林业,2002(12):18-19.
[25]王蒙燕.林下经济的经营模式研究 [J].农业经济,2015(9):30-32.
[26]马世春,杨文斌.人工林杉木板材高温和常温组合干燥研究 [J].林业科学,2006,42(3):125-128.
[27]蔡家斌.热压干燥工艺对速生杉木板材尺寸稳定性的影响 [J].南京林业大学学报,1997,21(4):108-111.
[28]薛凤莲,赵广杰.杉木/钙基蒙脱土插层复合板材的力学性能研究 [J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(增刊1):112-116.
[29]刘娟,张曼.杉木化学成分及药理作用研究进展 [J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2010,12(9):8-9.
[30]胡铁,谷政伟,钟雄,等.杉木屑精油提取工艺及成分分析 [J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(14):3387-3390.
[31]傅星星,郑德勇.浅谈杉木精油的开发前景 [J].福建林业科技,2008,35(4):267-269.