电解加工机床滑枕部件结构拓扑优化设计
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摘要
滑枕是电解加工机床中的关键承载件,对机床的加工性能有至关重要的影响。针对滑枕部件的结构特点及受载情况,采用了设置加强筋提高滑枕结构刚度的技术方案,并对受力变形情况进行了有限元仿真分析。在此基础上,基于拓扑优化方法,建立多约束优化数学模型,利用评价函数将多目标问题转化为单目标问题求解,以最小质量作为优化目标函数,最大变形量作为约束条件,开展了优化设计并进行了灵敏度分析,以此获得了合理的加强筋布局和结构尺寸,在有效提高了滑枕部件刚度和承载稳定性的同时,实现了轻量化设计。该滑枕部件已实际应用于自行研制的电解加工机床中。
As the key structure of the ECM machine tool,the ram has great important influence on the performance of the machine tool. In this paper,the structural characteristics and loading conditions of ram are analyzed,and the design scheme of stiffener is put forward,and the stress and deformation condition is simulated via finite element method. On the above-mentioned basis,the mathematical model for the multi constraint optimization is established so as to transform the multi-objective problem into single objective problem via evaluation function by using the topology optimization method. Adopting the minimum mass as optimization objective function and the maximum deformation as constraint condition,the structural optimization design and the sensitivity analysis of the optimized parameters is carried out. The result shows that the stiffener layout is reasonable,and meanwhile the ram structure performance is improved and the lightweight design is achieved. The ram has been used in the self-made ECM machine tool.
As the key structure of the ECM machine tool,the ram has great important influence on the performance of the machine tool. In this paper,the structural characteristics and loading conditions of ram are analyzed,and the design scheme of stiffener is put forward,and the stress and deformation condition is simulated via finite element method. On the above-mentioned basis,the mathematical model for the multi constraint optimization is established so as to transform the multi-objective problem into single objective problem via evaluation function by using the topology optimization method. Adopting the minimum mass as optimization objective function and the maximum deformation as constraint condition,the structural optimization design and the sensitivity analysis of the optimized parameters is carried out. The result shows that the stiffener layout is reasonable,and meanwhile the ram structure performance is improved and the lightweight design is achieved. The ram has been used in the self-made ECM machine tool.
引文
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[14]季学荣,丁晓红.板壳结构加强筋优化设计方法[J].机械强度,2012,34(5):692-698Ji X R, Ding X H. Design optimization method of stiffeners on plane and shell structures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2012,32(5):692-698(in Chinese)
[15]陈叶林,丁晓红,郭春星,等.机床床身结构优化设计方法[J].机械设计,2010,27(8):65-68Chen Y L,Ding X H,Guo C X,et al. Study on optimizing design method of machine tool bed structure[J].Journal of Machine Design,2010,27(8):65-68(in Chinese).
[16]李亦文,徐涛,左文杰,等.基于相对灵敏度的车身结构模型修改[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2009,39(6):1435-1440Li Y W,Xu T,Zuo W J,et al. Modification method of autobody structure model based on relative sensitivity[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2009,39(6):1435-1440(in Chinese)
[2] Rajurkar K P,Zhu D,McGeough J A,et al. New developments in electro-chemical machining[J]. CIRP Annals,1999,48(2):567-579
[3] Burger M,Koll L,Werner E A,et al. Electrochemical machining characteristics and resulting surface quality of the nickel-base single-crystalline material LEK94[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2012,14(1):62-70
[4] Xu Z Y,Sun L Y,Hu Y,et al. Flow field design and experimental investigation of electrochemical machining on blisk cascade passage[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2014,71(1-4):459-469
[5]徐正扬,朱荻,史先传.发动机叶片电解加工电解液流动方式优化及试验[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(3):434-438Xu Z Y, Zhu D, Shi X C. Optimization and experimental investigation on electrolyte flow mode in ECM of turbine blades[J]. Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2008,38(3):434-438(in Chinese)
[6]孙伦业,徐正扬,朱荻.叶盘通道径向电解加工的流场设计及试验[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(3):95-100Sun L Y, Xu Z Y, Zhu D. Flow field design and experimental investigation of radial electrochemical machining of blisk channels[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(3):95-100(in Chinese)
[7]史先传.三面进给叶片电解加工系统的研制及其关键技术的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004Shi X C. Research on the development and key technology of the three-side feed electrochemical machining system[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2004(in Chinese)
[8]张亮.立式电解加工机床关键部件有限元分析与优化[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009Zhang L. Finite element analysis and optimization for key parts of vertical electrochemical machine tool[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology, 2009(in Chinese)
[9]陈冬民,王丽娟,陈宗渝,等.基于等效原理的板壳结构加强筋设计方法[J].机械科学与技术,2015,34(12):1841-1845Chen D M,Wang L J,Chen Z Y,et al. Stiffener design method for plates and shells based on equivalence principle[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2015,34(12):1841-1845(in Chinese)
[10]万龙凯,曲宁松,刘嘉,等.整体叶盘型面电解加工阴极“C”形加强筋结构优化设计[J].机械制造与自动化,2015,44(3):5-8,16Wan L K,Qu N S,Liu J,et al. Optimal design of cathode C-shaped reinforced structure in blisk ECM[J].Machine Building&Automation,2015,44(3):5-8,16(in Chinese)
[11]李蕾,张葆,李全超,等.基于灵敏度数的薄板结构加强筋布局优化设计[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(9):1143-1149Li L, Zhang B, Li Q C, et al. Stiffener layout optimization of thin plate structures based on sensitivity number[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(9):1143-1149(in Chinese)
[12]简帮强,余德海,李乡安.基于拓扑和形貌优化的泵车连杆优化设计[J].机械设计,2015,32(12):22-25Jian B Q,Yu D H,Li X A. Optimization design of pump truck connecting rod based on topology and topography optimization[J]. Journal of Machine Design,2015,32(12):22-25(in Chinese)
[13]夏天翔,姚卫星.连续体结构拓扑优化方法评述[J].航空工程进展,2011,2(1):1-11,55Xia T X,Yao W X. A survey of topology optimization of continuum structure[J]. Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2011,2(1):1-11,55(in Chinese)
[14]季学荣,丁晓红.板壳结构加强筋优化设计方法[J].机械强度,2012,34(5):692-698Ji X R, Ding X H. Design optimization method of stiffeners on plane and shell structures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2012,32(5):692-698(in Chinese)
[15]陈叶林,丁晓红,郭春星,等.机床床身结构优化设计方法[J].机械设计,2010,27(8):65-68Chen Y L,Ding X H,Guo C X,et al. Study on optimizing design method of machine tool bed structure[J].Journal of Machine Design,2010,27(8):65-68(in Chinese).
[16]李亦文,徐涛,左文杰,等.基于相对灵敏度的车身结构模型修改[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2009,39(6):1435-1440Li Y W,Xu T,Zuo W J,et al. Modification method of autobody structure model based on relative sensitivity[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2009,39(6):1435-1440(in Chinese)