广东南雄不同香型烟区土壤养分特征比较研究
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摘要
【目的】对南雄市不同香型烟区土壤养分特征进行研究,以期为南雄市烟草种植区的科学施肥和产量品质的提升提供依据。【方法】通过对南雄市2015、2016年测土配方施肥项目获取的土壤养分数据进行抽样分析,运用层次分析法研究不同类型烟区的土壤养分丰缺状况及特征。【结果】不同烟区的pH、有机质和碱解氮差异显著,而土壤有效磷和速效钾差异不显著,有机质含量平原黄烟区高于半山清香型和平原浓香型烟区,碱解氮含量平原黄烟区低于半山清香型和平原浓香型烟区,不同类型烟区的土壤有效磷和土壤速效钾含量差异不大;平原浓香型烟区样点中94%有机质含量和76%碱解氮含量处于适宜水平,半山清香型烟区样点中96%有机质含量和68%碱解氮含量处于适宜水平,平原黄烟区样点中72%有机质含量和28%碱解氮含量处于适宜水平,而不同烟区的有效磷和速效钾含量低于临界水平比例较大;平原浓香型和半山清香型烟区的土壤养分状况属于缺乏状态,平原黄烟区的土壤养分状况在适宜水平。【结论】南雄市不同类型烟区土壤养分状况存在一定的差异性,不同类型烟区要注重科学精确施肥,并在此基础上合理进行生态适宜区划分。
【Objective】In this paper, the soil nutrient characteristics of different types of tobacco growing areas(TGAs) in Nanxiong City were studied to provide a basis for the scientific fertilization and the improvement of yields and quality in TGAs in Nanxiong. 【Method】Through sampling analysis of soil nutrient data obtained from the Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Project in Nanxiong City in 2015 and 2016, the soil nutrient abundance and deficiency status and characteristics of different types of TGAs were studied by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP). 【Result】 There were significant differences in pH, organic matter(OM) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN) of different TGAs, and no significant differences in available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in soil. The content of organic matter(OM) in plain-based yellow TGAs was higher than that in hillside-based slightly flavored and plain-based highly flavored TGAs. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in plain-based yellow TGAs was lower than that in hillside-based slightly flavored and plain-based highly flavored TGAs. There were no significant differences in available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in soil in different types of TGAs. The content of OM and AN were appropriate at 94% and 76% respectively in sampling sites in plain-based highly flavored TGAs, 96% and 68% respectively in hillside-based slightly flavored TGAs, 72%and 28% respectively in plain-based yellow TGAs. In different TGAs, the content of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium was largely lower than the critical level. The soil nutrients were deficient in plain-based highly flavored and hillsidebased slightly flavored TGAs and appropriate in plain-based yellow TGAs. 【Conclusion】There are differences in the soil nutrient status in different type TGAs in Nanxiong City. In different TGAs, attention should be paid to scientific and accurate fertilization, and on this basis, reasonable division of ecological suitable areas should be made.
【Objective】In this paper, the soil nutrient characteristics of different types of tobacco growing areas(TGAs) in Nanxiong City were studied to provide a basis for the scientific fertilization and the improvement of yields and quality in TGAs in Nanxiong. 【Method】Through sampling analysis of soil nutrient data obtained from the Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Project in Nanxiong City in 2015 and 2016, the soil nutrient abundance and deficiency status and characteristics of different types of TGAs were studied by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP). 【Result】 There were significant differences in pH, organic matter(OM) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN) of different TGAs, and no significant differences in available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in soil. The content of organic matter(OM) in plain-based yellow TGAs was higher than that in hillside-based slightly flavored and plain-based highly flavored TGAs. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in plain-based yellow TGAs was lower than that in hillside-based slightly flavored and plain-based highly flavored TGAs. There were no significant differences in available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in soil in different types of TGAs. The content of OM and AN were appropriate at 94% and 76% respectively in sampling sites in plain-based highly flavored TGAs, 96% and 68% respectively in hillside-based slightly flavored TGAs, 72%and 28% respectively in plain-based yellow TGAs. In different TGAs, the content of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium was largely lower than the critical level. The soil nutrients were deficient in plain-based highly flavored and hillsidebased slightly flavored TGAs and appropriate in plain-based yellow TGAs. 【Conclusion】There are differences in the soil nutrient status in different type TGAs in Nanxiong City. In different TGAs, attention should be paid to scientific and accurate fertilization, and on this basis, reasonable division of ecological suitable areas should be made.
引文
[1]彭新辉,易建华,周清明.气候对烤烟内在质量的影响研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):68-72.PENG X H,YI J H,ZHOU Q M.Advance in effects of climatic conditions on internal quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].China Tobacco Science,2009,30(1):68-72.
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[4]王丽,李淑玲,柯油松,万树青.南雄烤烟挥发性香气物含量与不同土壤类型关系[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(4):53-55.WANG L,LI S Z,KE Y S,WAN S Q.Effects of volatile aroma components of flue-cured tobacco under different type of soil in Nanxiong[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2012,39(4):53-55.
[5]罗战勇,吕永华,李淑玲,郑荣豪.广东省生态烟区的划分及其烟叶质量评价[J].广东农业科学,2004(1):18-20.LUO Z Y,LV Y H,LI S Z,ZHENG R H.The division of ecological tobacco area and leaf quality evaluation in Guangdong province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2004(1):18-20.
[6]赖宇文,朱祖明,吴文斌.南雄市烟草品种区域布局研究[J].广东农业科学,2005(2):27-29.LAI Y W,ZHU Z M,WU W B.Study on the regional distribution of tobacco varieties in Nanxiong[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2005(2):27-29.
[7]金亚波,王军.南雄主产烟区气候、土壤状况分析[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(17):71-75.YU Y B,WANG J.Analysis on climate and soil conditions of Nanxiong tobacoo area[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,20(17):71-75.
[8]黎成厚,刘元生,何腾兵,黄立栋,腾应.土壤质地对烤烟生长及钾素营养的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,1999(4):24-25.LI C H,LIU Y S,HE T B,HUANG L D,TENG Y.Effect of soil texture on growth and potassium nutrition of tobacco[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,1999(4):24-25.
[9]戴冕.南雄始兴烟区地层概貌、土壤特征及施肥雏议[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1997:230-238.DAI M.Stratigraphic profile,soil characteristics and fertilization in Nanxiong Shixing tobacco area[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1997:230-238.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000.RU R K.Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[11]中国农业科学院烟草研究所.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.Institute of Tobacco Reserch of Caas.Chinese Tobacco Culture[M].Shanghai:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2005.
[12]陈江华,李志宏,刘建利,王刚,龙怀玉,雷秋良,张认连,张维理.全国主要烟区土壤养分丰缺状况评价[J].中国烟草学报,2004,10(3):14-18.CHEN J H,LI Z H,LIU J L,WANG G,LONG H Y,LEI Q L,ZHANG RL,ZHANG W L.Evatuation of soil nutrients condition in major tobacco production region of China[J].Journal of China Tobacco,2004,10(3):14-18.
[13]张智猛,戴良香,张电学,常连生.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期内碱解氮、硝态氮时空变化及施氮安全值的研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(1):38-42.ZHANG Z M,DAI L X,ZHANG D X,CHANG L S.Study on change of alkali hydrolysable N and-N content in soil with time and space and secure use of nitrogen amount in the wheat-maize rotating system[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(1):38-42.
[14]王雪梅,柴仲平,武红旗.典型干旱荒漠绿洲区耕层土壤养分空间变异[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):51-56.WANG X M,CHAI Z P,WU H Q.Spatial variation of soil nutrients in arable layer in typical arid desert oasis area[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(1):51-56.
[15]许自成,黎妍妍,肖汉乾,王林.湘南烟区生态因素与烤烟质量的综合评价[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):226-234.XU Z C,LI Y Y,XIAO H Q,WANG L.Evaluation of ecological factors and flue-gured tobacco quality in tobacco-growing areas in southern Hunan,China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version),2008,32(1):226-234.
[16]王永豪,王昌全,李启全.川北烟区土壤有效磷空间变异特征及主控因素[J].核农学报,2016,30(12):2425-2433.WANG Y H,WANG C Q,LI Q Q.Spatial variation characteristics of soil available phosphorus and key controlling factors in Northern of Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(12):2425-2433.
[17]潘义宏,顾毓敏,王瑞宝,孙兴权,王荣辉,张晓龙.不同有机肥配施对植烟土壤肥力及云烟105综合品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(2):179-186.PAN Y H,GU Y M,WANG R B,SUN X Q,WANG R H,ZHANG X L.Effects of chemical fertilizers with different organic manure on the fertility of planting tobacco soil and the integrate quality of Yunyan105 tobacco variety[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2018,52(2):179-186.
[18]王艳芳,付风云,李家家,王森,战将,吴萌萌,张佳娟,沈向,陈学森,毛志泉.甲壳素对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤环境的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6218-6225.WANG Y F,FU F Y,LI J J,WANG S,ZHAN J,WU M M,ZHANG JJ,SHEN X,CHEN X S,MAO Z Q.Effects of chitin on the growth of Mauls hupehensis R ehd.seedlings and soil environment under replant condition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(19):6218-6225.
[19]王小东,许自成,解燕.云南曲靖烟区优质烤烟的适宜土壤有效硫和烟叶硫含量研究植物[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):528-534.WANG X D,XU Z C,XIE Y.Suitable soil available sulfur and tobacco leaf sulfur contents for high quality tobacco production in Qujing area,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(2):528-534.
[20]陈爱国,刘光亮,周道金,谢凤标,彭国华,郭学清,蒋代兵,李琦瑶,沈少君,吴树龙,曾文龙.龙岩烤烟特征香气成分及其关键生态影响因子研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(2):295-305.CHEN A G,LIU G L,ZHOU D J,XIE F B,PENG G H,GUO XQ,JIANG D B,LI Q Y,SHEN S J,WU S L,ZENG W L.Studies on aroma component characteristics of Longyan tobacco leaves and their key ecological influencing factors[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2018,40(2):295-305.
[2]邹娟,鲁剑巍,周先竹,鲁明星.湖北省主要植烟区土壤肥力状况及分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(3):504-510.ZOU J,RU J W,ZHOU X Z,LU M X.Evaluation of soil fertility in tobacoo-growing areas in Hubei province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(3):504-510.
[3]王怡,陈建军,李福君,罗静.广东南雄烟区主要植烟土壤类型养分状况分析[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(1):37-41.WANG Y,CHEN J J,LI F J,LUO J.Analysis on nutrient status in the main types of tobaccop lanting soil in Nanxiong of Guangdong province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2014,41(1):37-41.
[4]王丽,李淑玲,柯油松,万树青.南雄烤烟挥发性香气物含量与不同土壤类型关系[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(4):53-55.WANG L,LI S Z,KE Y S,WAN S Q.Effects of volatile aroma components of flue-cured tobacco under different type of soil in Nanxiong[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2012,39(4):53-55.
[5]罗战勇,吕永华,李淑玲,郑荣豪.广东省生态烟区的划分及其烟叶质量评价[J].广东农业科学,2004(1):18-20.LUO Z Y,LV Y H,LI S Z,ZHENG R H.The division of ecological tobacco area and leaf quality evaluation in Guangdong province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2004(1):18-20.
[6]赖宇文,朱祖明,吴文斌.南雄市烟草品种区域布局研究[J].广东农业科学,2005(2):27-29.LAI Y W,ZHU Z M,WU W B.Study on the regional distribution of tobacco varieties in Nanxiong[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2005(2):27-29.
[7]金亚波,王军.南雄主产烟区气候、土壤状况分析[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(17):71-75.YU Y B,WANG J.Analysis on climate and soil conditions of Nanxiong tobacoo area[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,20(17):71-75.
[8]黎成厚,刘元生,何腾兵,黄立栋,腾应.土壤质地对烤烟生长及钾素营养的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,1999(4):24-25.LI C H,LIU Y S,HE T B,HUANG L D,TENG Y.Effect of soil texture on growth and potassium nutrition of tobacco[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,1999(4):24-25.
[9]戴冕.南雄始兴烟区地层概貌、土壤特征及施肥雏议[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1997:230-238.DAI M.Stratigraphic profile,soil characteristics and fertilization in Nanxiong Shixing tobacco area[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1997:230-238.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000.RU R K.Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[11]中国农业科学院烟草研究所.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.Institute of Tobacco Reserch of Caas.Chinese Tobacco Culture[M].Shanghai:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2005.
[12]陈江华,李志宏,刘建利,王刚,龙怀玉,雷秋良,张认连,张维理.全国主要烟区土壤养分丰缺状况评价[J].中国烟草学报,2004,10(3):14-18.CHEN J H,LI Z H,LIU J L,WANG G,LONG H Y,LEI Q L,ZHANG RL,ZHANG W L.Evatuation of soil nutrients condition in major tobacco production region of China[J].Journal of China Tobacco,2004,10(3):14-18.
[13]张智猛,戴良香,张电学,常连生.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期内碱解氮、硝态氮时空变化及施氮安全值的研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(1):38-42.ZHANG Z M,DAI L X,ZHANG D X,CHANG L S.Study on change of alkali hydrolysable N and-N content in soil with time and space and secure use of nitrogen amount in the wheat-maize rotating system[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(1):38-42.
[14]王雪梅,柴仲平,武红旗.典型干旱荒漠绿洲区耕层土壤养分空间变异[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):51-56.WANG X M,CHAI Z P,WU H Q.Spatial variation of soil nutrients in arable layer in typical arid desert oasis area[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(1):51-56.
[15]许自成,黎妍妍,肖汉乾,王林.湘南烟区生态因素与烤烟质量的综合评价[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):226-234.XU Z C,LI Y Y,XIAO H Q,WANG L.Evaluation of ecological factors and flue-gured tobacco quality in tobacco-growing areas in southern Hunan,China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version),2008,32(1):226-234.
[16]王永豪,王昌全,李启全.川北烟区土壤有效磷空间变异特征及主控因素[J].核农学报,2016,30(12):2425-2433.WANG Y H,WANG C Q,LI Q Q.Spatial variation characteristics of soil available phosphorus and key controlling factors in Northern of Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(12):2425-2433.
[17]潘义宏,顾毓敏,王瑞宝,孙兴权,王荣辉,张晓龙.不同有机肥配施对植烟土壤肥力及云烟105综合品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(2):179-186.PAN Y H,GU Y M,WANG R B,SUN X Q,WANG R H,ZHANG X L.Effects of chemical fertilizers with different organic manure on the fertility of planting tobacco soil and the integrate quality of Yunyan105 tobacco variety[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2018,52(2):179-186.
[18]王艳芳,付风云,李家家,王森,战将,吴萌萌,张佳娟,沈向,陈学森,毛志泉.甲壳素对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤环境的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6218-6225.WANG Y F,FU F Y,LI J J,WANG S,ZHAN J,WU M M,ZHANG JJ,SHEN X,CHEN X S,MAO Z Q.Effects of chitin on the growth of Mauls hupehensis R ehd.seedlings and soil environment under replant condition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(19):6218-6225.
[19]王小东,许自成,解燕.云南曲靖烟区优质烤烟的适宜土壤有效硫和烟叶硫含量研究植物[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):528-534.WANG X D,XU Z C,XIE Y.Suitable soil available sulfur and tobacco leaf sulfur contents for high quality tobacco production in Qujing area,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(2):528-534.
[20]陈爱国,刘光亮,周道金,谢凤标,彭国华,郭学清,蒋代兵,李琦瑶,沈少君,吴树龙,曾文龙.龙岩烤烟特征香气成分及其关键生态影响因子研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(2):295-305.CHEN A G,LIU G L,ZHOU D J,XIE F B,PENG G H,GUO XQ,JIANG D B,LI Q Y,SHEN S J,WU S L,ZENG W L.Studies on aroma component characteristics of Longyan tobacco leaves and their key ecological influencing factors[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2018,40(2):295-305.