基于倾斜光纤光栅的连续可调谐锁模激光器
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摘要
以45°倾斜光纤光栅为起偏器,采用非线性偏振旋转技术,搭建了一台基于45°倾斜光纤光栅和锥型光纤的波长可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器。当输入抽运功率为454 mW时,可实现稳定的锁模脉冲输出,输出脉冲的中心波长为1568.8 nm,输出功率为2.31 mW,3 dB带宽为4.5 nm,脉宽为1.3 ps。锥型光纤作为可调节衰减器,改变了腔内的损耗,实现了波长从1568.8 nm到1560.24 nm的连续可调谐。该激光器可以应用在传感、光谱测量和通信等领域。
In this study, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked fiber laser based on a 45° tilted fiber grating and a tapered fiber using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. Further, stable mode-locked pulses with a central wavelength of 1568.8 nm and output power of 2.31 mW can be obtained when the input pump power is increased to 454 mW. Accordingly, the 3-dB spectral bandwidth and pulse width are 4.5 nm and 1.3 ps, respectively. Subsequently, the central wavelength of the pulse can be continuously tuned from 1568.8 nm to 1560.24 nm using the tapered fiber as an adjustable attenuator to modulate the cavity loss. The demonstrated fiber laser can be used in several fields, including sensing, spectroscopy, and telecommunications.
In this study, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked fiber laser based on a 45° tilted fiber grating and a tapered fiber using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. Further, stable mode-locked pulses with a central wavelength of 1568.8 nm and output power of 2.31 mW can be obtained when the input pump power is increased to 454 mW. Accordingly, the 3-dB spectral bandwidth and pulse width are 4.5 nm and 1.3 ps, respectively. Subsequently, the central wavelength of the pulse can be continuously tuned from 1568.8 nm to 1560.24 nm using the tapered fiber as an adjustable attenuator to modulate the cavity loss. The demonstrated fiber laser can be used in several fields, including sensing, spectroscopy, and telecommunications.
引文
[1] Zhang A L,Liu H L,Demokan M S,et al.Stable and broad bandwidth multiwavelength fiber ring laser incorporating a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2005,17(12):2535-2537.
[2] Perez-Herrera R A,Fernandez-Vallejo M,Diaz S,et al.Stability comparison of two quadruple-wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber lasers[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2010,16(4):205-211.
[3] Letokhov V S.Laser biology and medicine[J].Nature,1985,316(6026):325-330.
[4] Okhotnikov O,Grudinin A,Pessa M.Ultra-fast fibre laser systems based on SESAM technology:new horizons and applications[J].New Journal of Physics,2004,6(1):177.
[5] Okhotnikov O G,Gomes L,Xiang N,et al.Mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser tunable in the 980-1070-nm spectral range[J].Optics Letters,2003,28(17):1522-1524.
[6] Ling W J,Xia T,Dong Z,et al.Low threshold 1895 nm mode-locked laser based on double wall carbon nanotubes[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2018,38(6):0614001.令维军,夏涛,董忠,等.基于双壁碳纳米管低阈值1895 nm锁模激光器[J].光学学报,2018,38(6):0614001.
[7] Rozhin A G,Sakakibara Y,Namiki S,et al.Sub-200-fs pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser using a carbon nanotube-polyvinylalcohol mode locker[J].Applied Physics Letters,2006,88(5):051118.
[8] Zhang H,Tang D Y,Zhao L M,et al.Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene[J].Optics Express,2009,17(20):17630-17635.
[9] Guo B,Ouyang Q Y,Li S,et al.Dual-wavelength soliton laser based on graphene ternary composite[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(7):0703012.郭波,欧阳秋云,李施,等.基于石墨烯三元复合材料的双波长孤子激光器[J].中国激光,2017,44(7):0703012.
[10] Chen Y,Jiang G B,Chen S Q,et al.Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and mode-locking laser operation[J].Optics Express,2015,23(10):12823-12833.
[11] Mao D,She X Y,Du B B,et al.Erbium-doped fiber laser passively mode locked with few-layer WSe2/MoSe2 nanosheets[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:23583.
[12] Feng X H,Tam H Y,Wai P K A.Stable and uniform multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using nonlinear polarization rotation[J].Optics Express,2006,14(18):8205-8210.
[13] Ilday F ?,Wise F W,Sosnowski T.High-energy femtosecond stretched-pulse fiber laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror[J].Optics Letters,2002,27(17):1531-1533.
[14] Yang S,Hao Q,Zeng H P.Repetition rate precision lock of nonlinear amplifying loop mirror passively mode-locked fiber laser[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(8):0801007.杨松,郝强,曾和平.非线性放大环形镜被动锁模光纤激光器重复频率精确锁定研究[J].中国激光,2018,45(8):0801007.
[15] Bowen P,Erkintalo M,Broderick N G R.Large net-normal dispersion Er-doped fibre laser mode-locked with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror[J].Optics Communications,2018,410:447-451.
[16] Mou C,Wang H,Bale B G,et al.All-fiber passively mode-locked femtosecond laser using a 45°-tilted fiber grating polarization element[J].Optics Express,2010,18(18):18906-18911.
[17] Zhang Z X,Mou C B,Yan Z J,et al.Sub-100 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using a 45-tilted fiber grating[J].Optics Express,2013,21(23):28297-28303.
[18] Liu X L,Wang H S,Yan Z J,et al.All-fiber normal-dispersion single-polarization passively mode-locked laser based on a 45°-tilted fiber grating[J].Optics Express,2012,20(17):19000-19005.
[19] Kieu K,Mansuripur M.Femtosecond laser pulse generation with a fiber taper embedded in carbon nanotube/polymer composite[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(15):2242-2244.
[20] Birks T A,Wadsworth W J,Russell P S J.Supercontinuum generation in tapered fibers[J].Optics Letters,2000,25(19):1415-1417.
[21] Villatoro J,Monzón-Hernández D,Mejía E.Fabrication and modeling of uniform-waist single-mode tapered optical fiber sensors[J].Applied Optics,2003,42(13):2278-2283.
[22] Lacroix S,Gonthier F,Bures J.All-fiber wavelength filter from successive biconical tapers[J].Optics Letters,1986,11(10):671-673.
[23] Milne J S,Dell J M,Keating A J,et al.Widely tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter[J].Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2009,18(4):905-913.
[24] Sun Z P,Popa D,Hasan T,et al.A stable,wideband tunable,near transform-limited,graphene-mode-locked,ultrafast laser[J].Nano Research,2010,3(9):653-660.
[25] Luo Z C,Luo A P,Xu W C,et al.Tunable multiwavelength passively mode-locked fiber ring laser using intracavity birefringence-induced comb filter[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2010,2(4):571-577.
[26] He X Y,Liu Z B,Wang D N.Wavelength-tunable,passively mode-locked fiber laser based on graphene and chirped fiber Bragg grating[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(12):2394-2396.
[27] Feng Y L,Li X L,Zhang S M,et al.Wavelength tunable Q-switched fiber laser using variable attenuator based on tapered fiber[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2017,29(24):2175-2178.
[28] Ahmad H,Faruki M J,Tiu Z C,et al.Sub-nanometer tuning of mode-locked pulse by mechanical strain on tapered fiber[J].Optics Communications,2017,387:84-88.
[29] Melo M,Fraz?o O,Teixeira A L J,et al.Tunable L-band erbium-doped fibre ring laser by means of induced cavity loss using a fibre taper[J].Applied Physics B,2003,77(1):139-142.
[30] Mou C B,Zhou K M,Zhang L,et al.Characterization of 45°-tilted fiber grating and its polarization function in fiber ring laser[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2009,26(10):1905-1911.
[31] Deepa V,Vijaya R.Effect of pump power on the tuning range of a filterless erbium-doped fiber ring laser[J].Applied Physics B,2007,89(2/3):329-332.
[2] Perez-Herrera R A,Fernandez-Vallejo M,Diaz S,et al.Stability comparison of two quadruple-wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber lasers[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2010,16(4):205-211.
[3] Letokhov V S.Laser biology and medicine[J].Nature,1985,316(6026):325-330.
[4] Okhotnikov O,Grudinin A,Pessa M.Ultra-fast fibre laser systems based on SESAM technology:new horizons and applications[J].New Journal of Physics,2004,6(1):177.
[5] Okhotnikov O G,Gomes L,Xiang N,et al.Mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser tunable in the 980-1070-nm spectral range[J].Optics Letters,2003,28(17):1522-1524.
[6] Ling W J,Xia T,Dong Z,et al.Low threshold 1895 nm mode-locked laser based on double wall carbon nanotubes[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2018,38(6):0614001.令维军,夏涛,董忠,等.基于双壁碳纳米管低阈值1895 nm锁模激光器[J].光学学报,2018,38(6):0614001.
[7] Rozhin A G,Sakakibara Y,Namiki S,et al.Sub-200-fs pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser using a carbon nanotube-polyvinylalcohol mode locker[J].Applied Physics Letters,2006,88(5):051118.
[8] Zhang H,Tang D Y,Zhao L M,et al.Large energy mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with atomic layer graphene[J].Optics Express,2009,17(20):17630-17635.
[9] Guo B,Ouyang Q Y,Li S,et al.Dual-wavelength soliton laser based on graphene ternary composite[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(7):0703012.郭波,欧阳秋云,李施,等.基于石墨烯三元复合材料的双波长孤子激光器[J].中国激光,2017,44(7):0703012.
[10] Chen Y,Jiang G B,Chen S Q,et al.Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and mode-locking laser operation[J].Optics Express,2015,23(10):12823-12833.
[11] Mao D,She X Y,Du B B,et al.Erbium-doped fiber laser passively mode locked with few-layer WSe2/MoSe2 nanosheets[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:23583.
[12] Feng X H,Tam H Y,Wai P K A.Stable and uniform multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using nonlinear polarization rotation[J].Optics Express,2006,14(18):8205-8210.
[13] Ilday F ?,Wise F W,Sosnowski T.High-energy femtosecond stretched-pulse fiber laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror[J].Optics Letters,2002,27(17):1531-1533.
[14] Yang S,Hao Q,Zeng H P.Repetition rate precision lock of nonlinear amplifying loop mirror passively mode-locked fiber laser[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(8):0801007.杨松,郝强,曾和平.非线性放大环形镜被动锁模光纤激光器重复频率精确锁定研究[J].中国激光,2018,45(8):0801007.
[15] Bowen P,Erkintalo M,Broderick N G R.Large net-normal dispersion Er-doped fibre laser mode-locked with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror[J].Optics Communications,2018,410:447-451.
[16] Mou C,Wang H,Bale B G,et al.All-fiber passively mode-locked femtosecond laser using a 45°-tilted fiber grating polarization element[J].Optics Express,2010,18(18):18906-18911.
[17] Zhang Z X,Mou C B,Yan Z J,et al.Sub-100 fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using a 45-tilted fiber grating[J].Optics Express,2013,21(23):28297-28303.
[18] Liu X L,Wang H S,Yan Z J,et al.All-fiber normal-dispersion single-polarization passively mode-locked laser based on a 45°-tilted fiber grating[J].Optics Express,2012,20(17):19000-19005.
[19] Kieu K,Mansuripur M.Femtosecond laser pulse generation with a fiber taper embedded in carbon nanotube/polymer composite[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(15):2242-2244.
[20] Birks T A,Wadsworth W J,Russell P S J.Supercontinuum generation in tapered fibers[J].Optics Letters,2000,25(19):1415-1417.
[21] Villatoro J,Monzón-Hernández D,Mejía E.Fabrication and modeling of uniform-waist single-mode tapered optical fiber sensors[J].Applied Optics,2003,42(13):2278-2283.
[22] Lacroix S,Gonthier F,Bures J.All-fiber wavelength filter from successive biconical tapers[J].Optics Letters,1986,11(10):671-673.
[23] Milne J S,Dell J M,Keating A J,et al.Widely tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter[J].Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2009,18(4):905-913.
[24] Sun Z P,Popa D,Hasan T,et al.A stable,wideband tunable,near transform-limited,graphene-mode-locked,ultrafast laser[J].Nano Research,2010,3(9):653-660.
[25] Luo Z C,Luo A P,Xu W C,et al.Tunable multiwavelength passively mode-locked fiber ring laser using intracavity birefringence-induced comb filter[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2010,2(4):571-577.
[26] He X Y,Liu Z B,Wang D N.Wavelength-tunable,passively mode-locked fiber laser based on graphene and chirped fiber Bragg grating[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(12):2394-2396.
[27] Feng Y L,Li X L,Zhang S M,et al.Wavelength tunable Q-switched fiber laser using variable attenuator based on tapered fiber[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2017,29(24):2175-2178.
[28] Ahmad H,Faruki M J,Tiu Z C,et al.Sub-nanometer tuning of mode-locked pulse by mechanical strain on tapered fiber[J].Optics Communications,2017,387:84-88.
[29] Melo M,Fraz?o O,Teixeira A L J,et al.Tunable L-band erbium-doped fibre ring laser by means of induced cavity loss using a fibre taper[J].Applied Physics B,2003,77(1):139-142.
[30] Mou C B,Zhou K M,Zhang L,et al.Characterization of 45°-tilted fiber grating and its polarization function in fiber ring laser[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2009,26(10):1905-1911.
[31] Deepa V,Vijaya R.Effect of pump power on the tuning range of a filterless erbium-doped fiber ring laser[J].Applied Physics B,2007,89(2/3):329-332.