基于热平衡分析的地埋管地源热泵换热方案模拟优化
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摘要
为了确保丹阳中心城区浅层地热能可持续开发利用,避免丹阳中心城区地埋管地源热泵运行期间出现热堆积问题,基于地下水渗流和热量运移原理,建立了丹阳中心城区地下水非稳定渗流与热量运移三维耦合数值模型,结合未来地埋管地源热泵系统的运行工况,预测丹阳中心城区地下温度场的热平衡发展趋势。在此基础上,规划设计了3种优化方案:(1)按行政区划Ⅰ~Ⅴ个开发利用分区,调整地埋管间距分别为18,23,17,20,20 m;(2)地埋管间距5 m,加热秋季生活用水Ⅰ区157 798 m~3/d、Ⅱ区413 235 m~3/d、Ⅲ区339 322 m~3/d、Ⅳ区261 266 m~3/d、Ⅴ区27 6205 m~3/d,加热春季生活用水Ⅰ区473 394 m~3/d、Ⅱ区123 9705 m~3/d、Ⅲ区1 017 966 m~3/d、Ⅳ区783 798 m~3/d、Ⅴ区828 615 m~3/d;(3)地埋管间距5 m,增设冷却塔辅助地埋管换热孔进行夏季排热,冷却塔夏季冷却温度Ⅰ区为4.35℃、Ⅱ区为6.12℃、Ⅲ区为4.87℃、Ⅳ区为5.29℃、Ⅴ区为4.80℃。3种方案均可以有效减缓和避免丹阳中心城区地埋管地源热泵运行期内的热堆积问题。地下水非稳定渗流与热量运移三维耦合数值模型是优化确定浅层地热能地埋管地源热泵可持续开发利用方案的有效方法。
Since the 21 ~(st) century, the development and utilization of ground source heat pump in shallow geothermal energy is carried out in China successively. But it is still in its infancy, and there is a general lack of scientific design and planning, the problem of heat accumulation occurred in the process of application of ground source heat pump system, seriously affecting the sustainable development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy. In order to guarantee shallow geothermal energy sustainable development and utilization and avoid the problem of heat accumulation during the running period of ground-source heat pump in the downtown of Danyang, a three-dimensional coupled numerical model of groundwater unsteady seepage and heat transfer was established and applied to the demonstration project of the buried pipe heat pump system in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. The model was based on the principle of groundwater seepage and heat transport, combined with future ground-source heat pump system operating conditions, forecasting the thermal equilibrium development trend of underground temperature field. Three schemes were designed on this basis. Scheme 1 is to adjust heat transfer hole spacing. By simulation and calculation, we changed the minimum heat transfer 5 m hole spacing to 18, 23,17, 20, 20 m inⅠ-Ⅴarea respectively, and results showed that due to the increase of heat transfer hole spacing through mining buried pipe shallow geothermal energy for ten years, the rise in formation temperature decreased. Scheme 2 is to keep the heat exchange hole spacing constant, and heating spring and autumn living water. The total area of heating domestic water in study area was 173.23 km~2, single hole heat exchange was calculated with 5% heat loss and heating water from 15 to 50 ℃. By the simulation and calculation, keeping 5 m transfer hole spacing, the heating water amount reach 1 447 826.19 m~3/d in spring and autumn with the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy. Mining 10 years, due to increasing heating water in spring and autumn, there is little increase in formation temperature during the year. The temperature of soil in winter, autumn and spring increases slowly, the problem of heat accumulation is alleviated. Scheme 3 is to keep the heat exchange hole spacing constant and add the cooling tower auxiliary heat exchange hole for summer heat discharge. The cooling tower is in accordance with the number of heat exchange holes in buried pipes and keeping 5 m transfer hole spacing, running 10 hours a day, let water through cooling towers of different cooling temperatures. Mining 10 years, the mixed heat transfer system with cooling tower and buried pipe can eliminate the heat accumulation caused by separate buried pipe system, ensure a good temperature recovery. Due to the limit of ground source heat pump engineering site, Scheme 1 can't be used, heating water in spring and autumn or adding cooling tower auxiliary heat exchange hole for summer heat discharge can be adopted in the actual project. The three-dimensional coupled numerical model of groundwater unsteady seepage and heat pump is an effective way to optimize and determine the sustainable development and utilization plan of ground source heat pump for shallow geothermal energy.
Since the 21 ~(st) century, the development and utilization of ground source heat pump in shallow geothermal energy is carried out in China successively. But it is still in its infancy, and there is a general lack of scientific design and planning, the problem of heat accumulation occurred in the process of application of ground source heat pump system, seriously affecting the sustainable development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy. In order to guarantee shallow geothermal energy sustainable development and utilization and avoid the problem of heat accumulation during the running period of ground-source heat pump in the downtown of Danyang, a three-dimensional coupled numerical model of groundwater unsteady seepage and heat transfer was established and applied to the demonstration project of the buried pipe heat pump system in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. The model was based on the principle of groundwater seepage and heat transport, combined with future ground-source heat pump system operating conditions, forecasting the thermal equilibrium development trend of underground temperature field. Three schemes were designed on this basis. Scheme 1 is to adjust heat transfer hole spacing. By simulation and calculation, we changed the minimum heat transfer 5 m hole spacing to 18, 23,17, 20, 20 m inⅠ-Ⅴarea respectively, and results showed that due to the increase of heat transfer hole spacing through mining buried pipe shallow geothermal energy for ten years, the rise in formation temperature decreased. Scheme 2 is to keep the heat exchange hole spacing constant, and heating spring and autumn living water. The total area of heating domestic water in study area was 173.23 km~2, single hole heat exchange was calculated with 5% heat loss and heating water from 15 to 50 ℃. By the simulation and calculation, keeping 5 m transfer hole spacing, the heating water amount reach 1 447 826.19 m~3/d in spring and autumn with the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy. Mining 10 years, due to increasing heating water in spring and autumn, there is little increase in formation temperature during the year. The temperature of soil in winter, autumn and spring increases slowly, the problem of heat accumulation is alleviated. Scheme 3 is to keep the heat exchange hole spacing constant and add the cooling tower auxiliary heat exchange hole for summer heat discharge. The cooling tower is in accordance with the number of heat exchange holes in buried pipes and keeping 5 m transfer hole spacing, running 10 hours a day, let water through cooling towers of different cooling temperatures. Mining 10 years, the mixed heat transfer system with cooling tower and buried pipe can eliminate the heat accumulation caused by separate buried pipe system, ensure a good temperature recovery. Due to the limit of ground source heat pump engineering site, Scheme 1 can't be used, heating water in spring and autumn or adding cooling tower auxiliary heat exchange hole for summer heat discharge can be adopted in the actual project. The three-dimensional coupled numerical model of groundwater unsteady seepage and heat pump is an effective way to optimize and determine the sustainable development and utilization plan of ground source heat pump for shallow geothermal energy.
引文
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[2]柴立龙,马承伟,张义.北京地区温室地源热泵供暖能耗及经济性分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):249-254.Chai Lilong,Ma Chengwei,Zhang Yi,et al.Energy consumption and economic analysis of ground source heat pump used in greenhouse in Beijing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(3):249-254.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]骆祖江,李伟,王琰,等.地下水源热泵系统热平衡模拟三维数值模型[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2):198-204.Luo Zujiang,Li Wei,Wang Yan,et al.Three-dimensional numerical model for heat balance simulation of groundwater heat pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(2):198-204.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]胡金强.地源热泵系统热平衡分析及其在大型公共建筑中的应用[J].制冷技术,2015,35(2):63-67.Hu Jinqiang.Analysis of heat balance in ground source heat pump system and its application in large scale public buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology,2015,35(2):63-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]John W Lund,Derek H Freeston,Tonya L Boyd.Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,40(3):159-180.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]田良河,闫震鹏,刘新号.郑州市地下水源热泵适宜区浅层地热能资源量评价[J].城市地质,2011,6(3):12-16.Tian Lianghe,Yan Zhenpeng,Liu Xinhao.The shallow geothermal energy resource evaluation on the suitable area of groundwater source heat pump in Zhengzhou city[J].City Geology,2011,6(3):12-16.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Pike Christopher,Whitney Erin.Heat pump technology:An Alaska case study[J].Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2017,9(6)
[8]岳高凡,赵紫威,王婉丽,等.地源热泵系统对土壤温度场影响的数值模拟研究--以北京某场地为例[J].中国科技论文,2017,9(12):1049-1053.Yue Gaofan,Zhao Ziwei,Wang Wanli,et al.Numerical simulation study on soil temperature field influenced by GSHP:A case study in Beijing[J].China Science Paper,20179(12):1049-1053.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]徐伟,刘志坚.中国地源热泵技术发展与展望[J].建筑科学,2013,29(10):26-33.Xu Wei,Liu Zhijian.Development and prospect of ground source heat pump technology in China[J].Building Science,2013,29(10):26-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]骆祖江,徐晓,常晓军.基于Monte-Carlo参数模拟的体积法评价浅层地热能资源[J].勘查科学技术,2017(6):15-22.Luo Zujiang,Xu Xiao,Chang Xiaojun.Evaluation of shallowgeothermal energy resources based on Monte-Carlo parameter simulation in volume method[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2017(6):15-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]岳丽燕,孟令军,赵苏民,等.天津市浅层地热能存在的热堆积问题及解决方法探讨[J].地质调查与研究,2017,40(1):76-80.Yue Liyan,Meng Lingjun,Zhao Sumin,et al.The cold&heat accumulation problem and solution methods of the shallow geothermal resource in Tianjin[J].Geological Survey and Research,2017,40(1):76-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]方慧,杨其长,孙骥.地源热泵-地板散热系统在温室冬季供暖中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):145-149.Fang Hui,Yang Qichang,Sun Ji.Application of ground-source heat pump and floor heating system to greenhouse heating in winter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(12):145-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]龙西亭,袁瑞强,皮建高,等.长沙浅层地热能资源调查与评价[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(1):163-176.Long Xiting,Yuan Ruiqiang,Pi Jiangao,et al.Survey and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in Changsha[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(1):163-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]Barbier E.Geothermal energy technology and current status:Aan overview[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2002,6(1/2):3-65.
[15]Hettiarachchia H D Madhawa,Golubovica Mihajlo,Worek William M,et al.Optimum design criteria for an organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat source[J].Energy,2007,32(9):1698-1706.
[16]张远东,万育生.我国地下水源热泵应用现状和监管措施探讨[J].水资源管理,2009(21):39-41.Zhang Yuandong,Wan Yusheng.Current status of groundwater source heat pump utilization in China and supervisory suggestions[J].China Water Resources,2009(21):39-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]胡继华,张延军,于子望,等.水源热泵系统中地下水流贯通及其对温度场的影响[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(6):992-998.Hu Jihua,Zhang Yanjun,Yu Ziwang,et al.Groundwater flow transfixion of groundwater source heatpump system and its influence on temperature field[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(6):992-998.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]徐贵来,刘红卫,张晴,等.地下水源热泵系统运行期间岩土层温度变化规律研究[J].资源环境与工程,2010,24(2):180-184.Xu Guilai,Liu Hongwei,Zhang Qing,et al.Geotemperature changes in rock and soil stratum during groundwater source heat pump system operation[J].Resources Environment and Engineering,2010,24(2):180-184.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Hepbasli A.Energy and exergy analysis of a ground source(geothermal)heat pump system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2004,45(5):737-753.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Lim K B,Lee S H,Lee C H.Application of ground-heatsource water thermal-storage with a heat-pump cooling and heating system[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical E-journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,2010,224(E1):73-78.
[21]Paksoy H O,Anderson O,Abaci S,et al.Heating and cooling of a hospital using solar energy coupled with seasonal thermal energy storage in an aquifer[J].Renewable Energy,2000,19(1):117-122.
[22]Camdali U,Tuncel E.An Economic Analysis of Horizontal Ground Source Heat Pumps(GSHPs)For Use in Heating and Cooling in Bolu,Turkey[J].Energy Sources Part B-Economics Planning and Policy,2013,8(3):290-303.
[23]Kavanaugh S.Simple,efficient,reliable-Ground source heat pumps[J].Ashrae journal-American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers,1998,40(10):31.
[24]杨卫波,施明恒.地源热泵中U型埋管传热过程的数值模拟[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(1):78-83.Yang Weibo,Shi Mingheng.Numerical simulation on heat transfer process in U-bend ground heat exchanger of ground source heat pump[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(1):78-83.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Luo Z,Wang Y,Zhou S,et al.Simulation and prediction of conditions for effective development of shallow geothermal energy[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,91:370-376.
[26]Ren Xiaohong,Sun Chunwu,Hu Yanhui.A threedimensional numerical model and experimental research for U-tube ground heat exchanger in heating operation[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2004,26(5):90-95.
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