基于层次分析法的丹东地区地下水污染防治区划
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摘要
为查明丹东地区地下水质量与污染现状,提出科学的污染防治区划建议,基于层次分析法原理,选择地下水质量状况、污染现状、天然脆弱性、土地利用状况、地下水资源状况及开采现状为准则层,综合运用模糊评价法、层级阶梯法、DRASTIC法、线性加权函数法和MapGIS空间分析等技术方法开展研究.结果表明:Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质分布面积占全区面积的91.65%,轻—中度污染水占95.81%,较弱—中等地下水脆弱区域占98.15%,准则层各指标综合评价后全区可划分为重要地下水水源地保护区、自然防护区、一般防护区和重点防护区等4类地下水污染防治保护区.结论:丹东地区总体地下水环境状况良好,但重点防护区内城镇化程度较高,人类活动对地下水环境影响较强,建议地方政府通过定期监测评价水质与水量、改善用水单位取水和排污工艺、合理调配地表水与地下水资源开发等方式加强防护.
To find out the quality and pollution situation of groundwater in Dandong area and put forward scientific suggestions on regionalization of pollution prevention,the criterion layers of groundwater quality,pollution condition,natural vulnerability,land use,resources and exploitation status are chosen to carry out the study with the integrated use of fuzzy evaluation,hierarchy step,DRASTIC,linear weighted function methods and Map GIS spatial analysis technology on the basis of AHP(analytic hierarchy process). The results show that the I-III level water quality accounts for 91.65% of the whole area,slightly-moderately polluted waters cover 95.81%,and weak-middle groundwater vulnerability regions make up 98.15% of the total. According to the comprehensive evaluation,the study area can be divided into four categories of pollution prevention and protection zones,namely important groundwater source,natural,general and key protection zones. It can be concluded that the overall groundwater environment in Dandong area is good. However,with higher urbanization in key protection zone,the human activities have a strong impact on hydro-environment. Therefore, it is suggested that the local government should strengthen protection by regular monitoring and evaluation of water quality and quantity,improve intake and sewage discharge techniques of water users,and allocate the exploitation of surface and groundwater resources rationally.
To find out the quality and pollution situation of groundwater in Dandong area and put forward scientific suggestions on regionalization of pollution prevention,the criterion layers of groundwater quality,pollution condition,natural vulnerability,land use,resources and exploitation status are chosen to carry out the study with the integrated use of fuzzy evaluation,hierarchy step,DRASTIC,linear weighted function methods and Map GIS spatial analysis technology on the basis of AHP(analytic hierarchy process). The results show that the I-III level water quality accounts for 91.65% of the whole area,slightly-moderately polluted waters cover 95.81%,and weak-middle groundwater vulnerability regions make up 98.15% of the total. According to the comprehensive evaluation,the study area can be divided into four categories of pollution prevention and protection zones,namely important groundwater source,natural,general and key protection zones. It can be concluded that the overall groundwater environment in Dandong area is good. However,with higher urbanization in key protection zone,the human activities have a strong impact on hydro-environment. Therefore, it is suggested that the local government should strengthen protection by regular monitoring and evaluation of water quality and quantity,improve intake and sewage discharge techniques of water users,and allocate the exploitation of surface and groundwater resources rationally.
引文
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[2]毕悦澄.丹东市地下水监测现状及分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2016,44(10):22-25.
[3]迟宝明,周彦章,易树平,等.大连地区沿海小流域地下水库开发潜力分析[J].工程勘察,2006(5):23-26.
[4]张宁.丹东市城区浅层地下水污染源识别及空间分布研究[J].水利技术监督,2016(6):33-34,51,107.
[5]杜中,李占斌,李鹏,等.海水入侵区地下水氯值统计及其规律运用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(4):83-85.
[6]李忠心,何东,杜中.丹东海水入侵区域地下水同位素特征分析[J].辽东学院学报:自然科学报,2010,17(2):108-112.
[7]王福江.丹东市海水入侵现状及防治措施初探[J].水利规划与设计,2016,8:1-4.
[8]DD2008-01,地下水污染地质调查评价规范[S].北京:中国地质调查局,2008.
[9]GB12999-91,水质采样样品的保存和管理技术规定[S].北京:国家环境保护局,1991.
[10]DZ/T0130-2006,地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范[S].北京:国土资源部,2006.
[11]Finizio A,Villa S.Environment risk assessment for pesticides:A tool for decision-makers[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2000,22(3):235-241.
[12]Aly M H,Giardino J R,Klein A G.Suitability assessment for new Minia City,Egypt:A GIS approach to engineering geology[J].Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,2005,3(11):259-269.
[13]WU Qiang,LIU Yuan-zhang,ZHOU Wan-fang,et al.Assessment of water inrush vulnerability from overlying aquifer using GIS-AHPbased‘three maps-two predictions’method:A caes study in Hulusu coal mine,China[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,2015,48:234-243.
[14]李霄.齐齐哈尔市工业活动对区域浅层地下水动力场及化学场演化的影响研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.
[15]WU Qiang,LIU Yuan-zhang,WU Hai-xia,et al.Assessment of floor water in rush with vulnerability index method:Application in Malan coal mine of Shanxi Province,China[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,2017,50:169-178.
[16]夏军,石卫,陈俊旭,等.变化环境下水资源脆弱性及其适应性调控研究——以海河流域为例[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(6):27-33.
[17]杨悦锁,贾思齐,宋晓明,等.地下水脆弱性评价和污染风险管理[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(5):1-6.
[18]孙才志,奚旭,董璐.基于Arc GIS的下辽河平原地下水脆弱性评价及空间结构分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6635-6646.
[19]Mair A,El-Kadi A I.Logistic regression modeling to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Hawaii,USA[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2013,153:1-23.
[20]Pavlis M,Cummins E.Assessing the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in Ireland based on the COST-620 Pan-European approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,133:162-173.
[21]王维,纪枚,苏亚楠.水质评价研究进展及水质评价方法综述[J].科技情报开发与经济,2012,22(13):129-131.
[22]李霄,柴璐,王红岩,等.辽西地下水化学影响指标的水岩作用分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2804-2813.
[23]吴卓.丹东市土地利用景观格局及其生态环境效应分析[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,33(6):45-50.
[24]倪少凯.7种确定评估指标权重方法的比较[J].华南预防医学,2002,28(6):54-62.
[25]胡永宏,贺思辉.综合评价方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:20-60.
[26]Hajipour V,Kazemi A,Mous avi S M.A fuzzy expert system to increase accuracy and precision in measurement system analysis[J].Measurement,2013,46(8):2770-2780.
[27]孙晋炜,刘培斌,李国敏.地下水功能区划方法研究[J].人民黄河,2014,36(4):44-46.
[28]叶裕民.中国城市化与统筹城乡发展基本概念解析[J].湖南城市学院学报,2013,34(2):1-7.
[29]迟宝明,易树平,李治军.大连市地下水开发模式探讨[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(2):73-77.