基于GIS的红枫湖流域平坝区境内农业非点源污染估算
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摘要
为了探求喀斯特地区非点源污染源,通过地理信息技术对红枫湖流域平坝区境内进行水系提取及流域划分,调查农村居民生活污水、畜禽散养、农村生活污水3大非点源污染源,并运用等标污染负荷法,计算各乡镇TP、TN、COD、NH_3-N 4种污染物的总等标污染负荷比,并利用GIS空间技术分析了各乡镇污染贡献度。结果表明:高峰镇总等标污染负荷比最高,为39. 8%,高峰、马场、乐平三镇的总等标污染负荷之和超过80%。研究区化肥流失、禽畜散养的总等标污染负荷比分别为47%和39%,是红枫湖流域平坝区境内非点源污染的主要来源,并提出了针对性的污染防治对策。
In order to explore non-point source pollution in karst regions and provide a basis for prevention and control of rural water pollution,the drainage system extraction and watershed division in Pingba District of Hongfeng Lake basin were carried out by geographic information technology. The research area included villages and towns. Three major sources of pollution,namely rural residential domestic sewage,livestock and poultry bulk farming and rural domestic sewage were selected,and four pollutants of TP,TN COD and NH_3-N of towns were calculated by equivalent standard pollution load method. The contribution of each township to pollution was analyzed by GIS spatial technology. The results showed that the total equivalent standard pollution load ratio of Gaofeng Town was 39. 8%,which was the highest,and the sum of equivalent pollution load ratio of Gaofeng Town,Machang Town and Leping Town exceeded 80%.The total equivalent standard pollution load ratio of fertilizer loss and poultry and livestock bulk farming was 47% and 39%,which was the main source of non-point source pollution in Pingba District of Hongfeng Lake basin,and the corresponding pollution control countermeasures were put forward.
In order to explore non-point source pollution in karst regions and provide a basis for prevention and control of rural water pollution,the drainage system extraction and watershed division in Pingba District of Hongfeng Lake basin were carried out by geographic information technology. The research area included villages and towns. Three major sources of pollution,namely rural residential domestic sewage,livestock and poultry bulk farming and rural domestic sewage were selected,and four pollutants of TP,TN COD and NH_3-N of towns were calculated by equivalent standard pollution load method. The contribution of each township to pollution was analyzed by GIS spatial technology. The results showed that the total equivalent standard pollution load ratio of Gaofeng Town was 39. 8%,which was the highest,and the sum of equivalent pollution load ratio of Gaofeng Town,Machang Town and Leping Town exceeded 80%.The total equivalent standard pollution load ratio of fertilizer loss and poultry and livestock bulk farming was 47% and 39%,which was the main source of non-point source pollution in Pingba District of Hongfeng Lake basin,and the corresponding pollution control countermeasures were put forward.
引文
[1]李泽琪,胡卓玮,蔡满堂. GIS支持下的凡河流域农业非点源污染物时空特征分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(3):48-54.
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[10]薛红,杜小军,梅再美,等.等标污染负荷法在水环境污染评价中的应用研究———以玉舍水库为例[J].水土保持应用技术,2012(6):4-5.
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[12]赵倩,马建,问青春,等.浑河上游大苏河乡农业非点源污染负荷及现状评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(2):126-131.
[13]陈玉东,陈梅,张龙江,等.基于GIS的龙墩水库典型小流域面源污染氮磷负荷研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):492-499.
[14]孟凡祥,赵倩,马建,等.农业非点源污染负荷及现状评价———以大苏河地区为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊1):145-150.
[15]麻德明,石洪华,丰爱平.基于流域单元的海湾农业非点源污染负荷估算———以莱州湾为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):173-181.
[16]王方浩,马文奇,窦争霞,等.中国畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应[J].中国环境科学,2006,25(5):614-617.
[17]王桂玲,王丽萍,罗阳.河北省面源污染分析[J].海河水利,2004(4):29-30,45.
[2]刘海,林苗,殷杰,等.基于GIS的鄱阳湖流域非点源吸附态污染物时空变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(11):1884-1894.
[3] Ding X. The simulation research on agricultural non-point source pollution in yongding river in hebei province[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:1770-1774.
[4]张洪波,李俊,黎小东,等.缺资料地区农村面源污染评估方法研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,45(6):58-66.
[5]刘庄,晁建颖,张丽,等.中国非点源污染负荷计算研究现状与存在问题[J].水科学进展,2015,26(3):432-442.
[6] Jiang M,Chen H,Chen Q,et al. Study of landscape patterns of variation and optimization based on non-point source pollution control in an estuary[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,87(1/2):88-97.
[7]周理,吴玲玲,马亚丽,等.基于GIS技术的濑溪河流域泸县境内农村非点源污染评估[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(4):15-21.
[8]李萌,黎小东,敖天其,等.基于GIS技术的农村非点源污染分析———以渠县境内巴河州河汇流断面上游区域为例[J].人民长江,2017,48(20):21-27.
[9]周忠发.基于GIS的喀斯特地区农村土地适宜性评价———以贵州省仁怀市为例[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(3):17-19.
[10]薛红,杜小军,梅再美,等.等标污染负荷法在水环境污染评价中的应用研究———以玉舍水库为例[J].水土保持应用技术,2012(6):4-5.
[11]李璇,董利民.洱海流域农业非点源污染负荷分析及防治对策[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(17):3535-3539.
[12]赵倩,马建,问青春,等.浑河上游大苏河乡农业非点源污染负荷及现状评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(2):126-131.
[13]陈玉东,陈梅,张龙江,等.基于GIS的龙墩水库典型小流域面源污染氮磷负荷研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):492-499.
[14]孟凡祥,赵倩,马建,等.农业非点源污染负荷及现状评价———以大苏河地区为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊1):145-150.
[15]麻德明,石洪华,丰爱平.基于流域单元的海湾农业非点源污染负荷估算———以莱州湾为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):173-181.
[16]王方浩,马文奇,窦争霞,等.中国畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应[J].中国环境科学,2006,25(5):614-617.
[17]王桂玲,王丽萍,罗阳.河北省面源污染分析[J].海河水利,2004(4):29-30,45.