基于数字化加工的粽角榫改良设计
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摘要
基于数字化加工,设计了一种既保留传统装配优点又便于数控加工的新型粽角榫,并从加工效率和极限抗弯强度2个方面验证了该改良方式的合理性。首先分析了粽角榫加工现状和数控加工的特征,总结出了榫卯数字化改良的4点原则;根据改良原则,设计了一款新型粽角榫;以榉木为原料,利用UG软件和五轴加工设备制作改良型粽角榫,同时采用人工制作传统粽角榫试件;分别记录改良型和传统型粽角榫加工时长并进行对比;通过力学试验,对改良型与传统手工粽角榫进行了极限抗弯强度的比较。结果发现,在端面尺寸均为40 mm×40mm时,由于数控加工的改良型粽角榫尺寸精确且稳定,改良型粽角榫的平均抗弯强度较传统粽角榫提高7.122%;改良榫卯的加工耗时仅为传统手工的4.725%,加工效率显著提升。本研究总结的榫卯优化原则为榫卯结构改良提供了依据,加工时长和力学强度的对比方法也将为判断改良榫卯的优劣提供理论参考。
Based on digital processing,a modified three-way mitered joint for furniture assembly,which reserves traditional advantages of assembling furniture and fits for numerical control processing,was designed and developed in this study. The rationality of modified three-way mitered joint was proved from two aspects,namely processing efficiency and bending resistance. Four principles of optimizing mortise and tenon joint were summarized based on the analysis of the processing status of the three-way mitered joints and characteristics of the numerical control processing.According to the optimization principles,a new three-way mitered joint was designed. The modified three-way mitered joints were machined by the UG software and the five-axis machine tool,while the traditional three-way mitered joints were made by the skilled labors in the same time. All the test pieces were made of beech( Zelkova serrata( Thunb.)Makino),the processing times of modified and traditional three-way mitered joints were recorded in order to compare the machining efficiency of the two types of three-way mitered joints. In addition,the mechanical tests were carried out to compare the ultimate bending strengths of the modified and traditional three-way mitered joints. The results showed that,when the size of end face was 40 mm×40 mm,due to the precise and stable sizes of the modified threeway mitered joint machined by the five-axis machine tool,the average bending strength of the modified three-way mitered joint was 7.122% higher than the traditional three-way mitered joint. In addition,the processing efficiency was promoted significantly,while the processing time of the modified three-way mitered joint was only 4.725% of the traditional manual method. Optimization principles were summarized in this study,which can provide a basis for improving mortise and tenon joint. The method of contrast from processing time and mechanical strength will also provide theoretical references for evaluating the improvement of the mortise and tenon joints.
Based on digital processing,a modified three-way mitered joint for furniture assembly,which reserves traditional advantages of assembling furniture and fits for numerical control processing,was designed and developed in this study. The rationality of modified three-way mitered joint was proved from two aspects,namely processing efficiency and bending resistance. Four principles of optimizing mortise and tenon joint were summarized based on the analysis of the processing status of the three-way mitered joints and characteristics of the numerical control processing.According to the optimization principles,a new three-way mitered joint was designed. The modified three-way mitered joints were machined by the UG software and the five-axis machine tool,while the traditional three-way mitered joints were made by the skilled labors in the same time. All the test pieces were made of beech( Zelkova serrata( Thunb.)Makino),the processing times of modified and traditional three-way mitered joints were recorded in order to compare the machining efficiency of the two types of three-way mitered joints. In addition,the mechanical tests were carried out to compare the ultimate bending strengths of the modified and traditional three-way mitered joints. The results showed that,when the size of end face was 40 mm×40 mm,due to the precise and stable sizes of the modified threeway mitered joint machined by the five-axis machine tool,the average bending strength of the modified three-way mitered joint was 7.122% higher than the traditional three-way mitered joint. In addition,the processing efficiency was promoted significantly,while the processing time of the modified three-way mitered joint was only 4.725% of the traditional manual method. Optimization principles were summarized in this study,which can provide a basis for improving mortise and tenon joint. The method of contrast from processing time and mechanical strength will also provide theoretical references for evaluating the improvement of the mortise and tenon joints.
引文
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[12]胡文刚,白珏,关惠元.一种速生材榫接合节点增强方法[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(4):101-107.DOI:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160400.HU W G,BAI J,GUAN H Y.Investigation on a method of increasing mortise and tenon joint strength of a fast growing wood[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(4):101-107.
[13]毛卫国,徐伟,黄琼涛,等.实木家具力学性能与选材指标分析[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(6):127-131.DOI:10.13360/j.issn.1000-8101.2015.06.032.MAO W G,XU W,HUANG Q T,et al.Building of wood selecting index for solid wood furniture based on mechanical property analysis[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2015,29(6):127-131.
[14]HILL M D,ECKELMAN C A.Flexibility and bending strength of mortise and tenon joints[J].Furniture Design&Manufacturing,1973(1):1-8.
[15]李重根,胡传双,廖红霞,等.榫卯结构破坏特征及其抗拉强度的试验[J].华南农业大学学报,2007,28(4):108-111.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-411X.2007.04.026.LI C G,HU C S,LIAO H X,et al.Effects of moisture content and embedding tolerance on the pulling-out characteristics of the rectangular mortise-tenon joint[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2007,28(4):108-111.
[2]唐开军,黎敏.中式传统家具结构的改进[J].林产工业,2004,31(1):43-45.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5299.2004.01.012.TANG K J,LI M.Structure innovation of traditional Chinese furniture[J].China Forest Products Industry,2004,31(1):43-45.
[3]马岩.我国家具加工机械数控技术的开发方向与应用前景[J].林业机械与木工设备,2008,36(1):4-12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-2953.2008.01.001.MA Y.The application prospect of furniture mechanical NC technology in China[J].Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,2008,36(1):4-12.
[4]周忠祥.实木家具斜角榫接合方式的改进与应用[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(4):200-203.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-3575.2007.04.047.ZHOU Z X.The improvement and application of mortise-andtenon bevel joint of timber frame[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2007,28(4):200-203.
[5]PODSKARBI M,SMARDZEWSKI J,MOLIN'SKI K,et al.Design methodology of new furniture joints[J].Drvna Industrija,2017,67(4):371-380.DOI:10.5552/drind.2016.1622.
[6]李黎.木质材料CNC数控加工刀具的选择与切削用量确定[J].林业机械与木工设备,2012,40(2):14-19.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-2953.2012.02.005.LI L.Wood material CNC cutting tool selection and cutting specification determination[J].Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,2012,40(2):14-19.
[7]薛坤,许柏鸣.传统家具的拆装结构研究与现代设计应用[J].包装工程,2012,33(6):57-60.DOI:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2012.06.016.XUE K,XU B M.Study on knocked down mechanism of traditional furniture and its application in modern design[J].Packaging Engineering,2012,33(6):57-60.
[8]张海雁,刘文金,陈新义,等.糙木家具中的榫接合结构设计[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(8):120-122.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2014.08.008.ZHANG H Y,LIU W J,CHEN X Y,et al.Structure design of mortise and tenon connection in rough wood furniture[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2014,34(8):120-122.
[9]李敏,吴智慧,毛轶超.现代红木家具榫卯形式的研究[J].包装工程,2015,36(4):88-92.DOI:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2015.04.023.LI M,WU Z H,MAO Y C.The types of mortise and tenon in modern mahogany furniture[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(4):88-92.
[10]杨爱慧,王秋惠.从形态角度看明式家具榫卯结构艺术[J].装饰,2013(7):141-142.DOI:10.16272/j.cnki.cn11-1392/j.2013.07.017.YANG A H,WANG Q H.Tenon and mortise arts of Ming dynasty furniture from form perspective[J].Art&Design,2013(7):141-142.
[11]罗无逸.尽物性,巧结体:续解读明式家具的造型表象(一)[J].装饰,2012(3):62-68.DOI:10.16272/j.cnki.cn11-1392/j.2012.03.001.LUO W Y.Joint in respect of the nature of things:interpreting modeling ideas of Ming furniture(1)[J].Art&Design,2012(3):62-68.
[12]胡文刚,白珏,关惠元.一种速生材榫接合节点增强方法[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(4):101-107.DOI:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160400.HU W G,BAI J,GUAN H Y.Investigation on a method of increasing mortise and tenon joint strength of a fast growing wood[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(4):101-107.
[13]毛卫国,徐伟,黄琼涛,等.实木家具力学性能与选材指标分析[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(6):127-131.DOI:10.13360/j.issn.1000-8101.2015.06.032.MAO W G,XU W,HUANG Q T,et al.Building of wood selecting index for solid wood furniture based on mechanical property analysis[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2015,29(6):127-131.
[14]HILL M D,ECKELMAN C A.Flexibility and bending strength of mortise and tenon joints[J].Furniture Design&Manufacturing,1973(1):1-8.
[15]李重根,胡传双,廖红霞,等.榫卯结构破坏特征及其抗拉强度的试验[J].华南农业大学学报,2007,28(4):108-111.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-411X.2007.04.026.LI C G,HU C S,LIAO H X,et al.Effects of moisture content and embedding tolerance on the pulling-out characteristics of the rectangular mortise-tenon joint[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2007,28(4):108-111.