2011—2016年济南市高温天气与中暑的流行病学特征及相关性分析
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摘要
目的描述济南市2011—2016年高温天气与中暑的流行病学特征,并进行相关性分析,为高温中暑的预防工作提供理论依据。方法对2011—2016年济南市高温月期间的气温和中暑病例进行描述,计算高温日、热浪期发生的中暑病例比例,分析高温热浪对中暑病例的滞后效应。结果 6年间共监测出中暑病例507例,集中分布于7、8月,其中68.0%(345/507)为重症中暑,男性多于女性。期间共出现83 d高温日和7次高温热浪,分别占全年中暑病例数的68.8%(349/507)和72.0%(365/507)。热浪与中暑病例的发生存在滞后效应(1~4 d),最大效应发生在滞后1 d。结论济南市高温天气时气温高、持续时间长,高温中暑病例与高温天气密切相关,应关注高温热浪及其滞后效应。
Objective To understand the relationship between hot weather and heat stroke and to know epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke in Ji'nan during 2011-2016, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of heat stroke.Methods Meteorological parameters and heat stroke cases were collected during May-August and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted during 2011 to 2016 in Ji'nan. The proportions of heat stroke cases in hot day and heat wave were calculated. The lag effects of heat wave on heat stroke were analyzed. Results A total of 507 heat stroke cases were reported and most of cases occurred during July-August. 68.0%(345/507)of cases were severe cases and male cases were more than female cases. There were 83 hot days and 7 heat wave periods appeared during observation, which associated with 68.8%(349/507) and 72.0%(365/507) of the heat stroke cases, respectively. The lag effect of heat wave period was observed, mostly was 1-4 days and maximum effect was at the 1 st day after heat wave period. Conclusion Increasing and continuous high temperature is closely related to heat stroke case in Ji'nan, further attention should be paid to heat wave and its lag effect.
Objective To understand the relationship between hot weather and heat stroke and to know epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke in Ji'nan during 2011-2016, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of heat stroke.Methods Meteorological parameters and heat stroke cases were collected during May-August and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted during 2011 to 2016 in Ji'nan. The proportions of heat stroke cases in hot day and heat wave were calculated. The lag effects of heat wave on heat stroke were analyzed. Results A total of 507 heat stroke cases were reported and most of cases occurred during July-August. 68.0%(345/507)of cases were severe cases and male cases were more than female cases. There were 83 hot days and 7 heat wave periods appeared during observation, which associated with 68.8%(349/507) and 72.0%(365/507) of the heat stroke cases, respectively. The lag effect of heat wave period was observed, mostly was 1-4 days and maximum effect was at the 1 st day after heat wave period. Conclusion Increasing and continuous high temperature is closely related to heat stroke case in Ji'nan, further attention should be paid to heat wave and its lag effect.
引文
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[13]许明佳,程薇.2010-2014年上海市金山区高温中暑流行特征及其与气温的关系[J].职业与健康,2015,31(19):2657-2659.
[2]Luber G,Mc Geehin M.Climate change and extreme heat events[J].Am J Pr Med,2008,35:429-435.
[3]冯雷,李旭东.高温热浪对人类健康影响的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(2):182-188.
[4]祁新华,程煜,李达谋,等.西方高温热浪研究述评[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2773-2778.
[5]叶殿秀,尹继福,陈正洪,等.1961-2010年我国夏季高温热浪的时空变化特征[J].气候变化研究进展,2013,9(1):15-20.
[6]中国气象局.高温科普五:什么是高温热浪[R/OL].[2011-08-17].http://www.cma.gov.cn/2011qxfw/2011qqxkp/2011qkpdt/201110/t20111026_124192.html.[2015-02-23]
[7]李芙蓉,李丽萍.热浪对城市居民健康影响的流行病学研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(12):1119-1121.
[8]Kalkstein LS,Greene JS.An evaluation of climate/mortality relationships in large US cities and the possible impacts of a climate change[J].Environ Health Perspect,1997,105:84-93.
[9]Conti S,Meli P,Minelli G,et al.Epidemiologic study of mortality during the Summer 2003 heat wave in Italy[J].Environ Res,2005,98:390-399.
[10]沈雪,李光勤.体温调节异常的神经系统损害[J].中国医药导报,2014,11(30):155-158.
[11]Yu W,Vaneckova P,Pavla V,et al.Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age,gender and socioeconomic status[J].Sci Total Environ,2010,408:3513-3518.
[12]李永红,陈晓东,林萍.高温对南京市某城区人口死亡的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2005,22(1):6-8.
[13]许明佳,程薇.2010-2014年上海市金山区高温中暑流行特征及其与气温的关系[J].职业与健康,2015,31(19):2657-2659.