成人依恋的安全性与心理健康的关系:回顾与展望
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摘要
安全依恋映射出个体早期积极的依恋经验,而不安全依恋的形成则源自消极的依恋经验。其中,不安全依恋包括焦虑和回避两个维度,依恋焦虑者和依恋回避者会采取不同的策略来应对所面临的困境。通过对依恋安全性影响心理健康方面研究的回顾,发现安全依恋对个体的情绪、主观幸福感等都有积极影响,安全依恋的临时启动也对个体的心理健康水平提升具有积极作用,依恋焦虑对心理健康的诸多方面都会造成威胁,而依恋回避对心理健康的影响还存在争议。对未来研究方向进行了展望,指出依恋安全性与心理健康关系的群体差异、文化差异,以及依恋安全性的改变对心理健康的影响三方面可作为未来研究的方向。
引文
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[2]Berman WH,Sperling MB.The structure and function of adult attachment[A].In:MB Sperling,Berman WH(Eds.),Attachment in Adults:Clinical and Developmental Perspectives.New York and London:Guilford Press,1994:3-28.
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[5]Bowlby J.Attachment and loss:Vol.1.Attachment[M].New York:Basic Books,1969.
[6]Mikulincer M,Shaver P R.Attachment in adulthood:structure,dynamics,and change[M].New York:The Guilford Press,2007.
[7]陈昌惠.症状自评量表[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999(增刊):31-35.
[8]Birnbaum EG,Orr I,Mikulincer M,et al.Florain When Marriage Breaks Up-Does Attachment Style Contribute to Coping and Mental Health?[J].Journal of Social&Personal Relationships,1997,14(5):643-654.
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[10]Meier AM,Carr DR,Currier JM,et al.Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance in Coping with Bereavement:Two Studies[J].Journal of Social&Clinical Psychology,2013,32(3):315-334.
[11]王宇.大学生成人依恋现状及其与人际关系和心理健康水平的关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2008.
[12]Aspelmeier JE,Kerns KA.Love and school:Attachment/exploration dynamics in college[J].Journal of Social&Personal Relationships,2003,20(1):5-30.
[13]艾娟,张敏.老年人孤独、自杀态度以及依恋风格的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2012,20(6):830-833.
[14]Currier JM,Holland JM,Allen D.Attachment and Mental Health Symptoms Among U.S.Afghanistan and Iraq Veterans Seeking Health Care Services[J].Journal of Traumatic Stress,2012,25(6):633-640.
[15]卢莎,赵富才.大学生成人依恋与主观幸福感的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2012,20(11):1750-1752.
[16]Merz EM,Consedine NS.The association of family support and wellbeing in later life depends on adult attachment style[J].Attachment&Human Development,2009,11(2):203-221.
[17]Mikulincer M,Shaver PR.Boosting Attachment Security to Promote Mental Health,Prosocial Values,and Inter-Group Tolerance[J].Psychological Inquiry,2007,18(3):139-156.
[18]Mikulincer M,Shaver PR,Horesh N.Attachment bases of emotion regulation and posttraumatic adjustment[A].In DK Snyder,JA Simpson,&JN Hughes(Eds.),Emotion regulation in families:Pathways to dysfunction and health.Washington DC:American Psychological Association,2006:77-79.
[19]Admoni,S.Attachment security and eating disorders[D].Ramat:Bar-Ilan University,2006
[20]Fonagy P,Leigh T,Steele M,et al.The Relation of Attachment Status,Psychiatric Classification,and Response to Psychotherapy[J].Journal of Consulting&Clinical Psychology,1996,64(1):22-31.
[21]秦和平,刘金光,万露,等.公安干警依恋类型与心理健康的相关性研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(5):558-560.
[22]Belizaire LS,Fuertes JN.Attachment,Coping,Acculturative Stress,and Quality of Life Among Haitian Immigrants[J].Journal of Counseling&Development,2011,89(89):89-97.
[23]Lyons-Ruth K,Jacobvitz D.Attachment disorganization:Genetic factors,parenting contexts,and developmental transformation from infancy to adulthood[A].In J Cassidy&PR Shaver(Eds.),Handbook of attachment:Theory,research,and clinical applications(2nd ed.).New York:Guilford,2008:266-697.
[24]Lobb EA,Kristjanson LJ,Aoun SM,et al.Predictors of complicated grief:A systematic review of empirical studies[J].Death Studies,2010,34:673-698.
[25]Fraley RC,Bonanno GA.Attachment and loss:A test of three competingmodels on the association between attachment related avoidance andadaptation to bereavement[J].Personality&Social Psychology Bulletin,2004,30(7):878-890.
[26]Dozier M,Kobak RR.Psychophysiology in adolescent attachment interviews:Converging evidence for dismissing strategies[J].Child Development,1992(63):1473-1480.
[27]Ehrenthal JC,Friederich HC,Schauenburg H.Separation Recall:Psychophysiological Response-patterns in an Attachment-related Short-term Stressor[J].Stress&Health,2011,27(3):251-255.
[28]何冬丽.农村留守经历对大学生成人依恋风格和主观幸福感的影响[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(2):280-281.
[29]Del GM.Sex Differences in Romantic Attachment:A MetaAnalysis[J].Personality&Social Psychology Bulletin,2011,37(2):193-214.
[30]Pielage SB,Barelds DPH,Gerlsma J.the(in)stability of the relationship questionnaire[A].In SB Pielage(Ed.),Adult attachment and psychosocial functioning.Groningen:Suzanne Pielage,2006:19-36.
[31]Nikitin J,Freund AM.When wanting and fearing go together:The effect of co-occurring social approach and avoidance motivation on behavior,affect,and cognition[J].European Journal of Social Psychology,2010,40:783-804.
[2]Berman WH,Sperling MB.The structure and function of adult attachment[A].In:MB Sperling,Berman WH(Eds.),Attachment in Adults:Clinical and Developmental Perspectives.New York and London:Guilford Press,1994:3-28.
[3]Brennan KA,Clark CL,Shaver PR.Self-report measures of adult attachment:An integrative overview[A].In:JASimpson&WS Rholes(Eds.),Attachment theory and close relationships.New York:The Guiford Press,1998:46-76.
[4]李彩娜,石鑫欣,黄凤,等.安全依恋的概念、机制与功能[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2013(6):30-37.
[5]Bowlby J.Attachment and loss:Vol.1.Attachment[M].New York:Basic Books,1969.
[6]Mikulincer M,Shaver P R.Attachment in adulthood:structure,dynamics,and change[M].New York:The Guilford Press,2007.
[7]陈昌惠.症状自评量表[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999(增刊):31-35.
[8]Birnbaum EG,Orr I,Mikulincer M,et al.Florain When Marriage Breaks Up-Does Attachment Style Contribute to Coping and Mental Health?[J].Journal of Social&Personal Relationships,1997,14(5):643-654.
[9]Mikulincer M,Horesh N,Eilati I,et al.The association between adult attachment style and mental health in extreme life-endangering conditions[J].Personality&Individual Differences,1999,27(5):831-842.
[10]Meier AM,Carr DR,Currier JM,et al.Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance in Coping with Bereavement:Two Studies[J].Journal of Social&Clinical Psychology,2013,32(3):315-334.
[11]王宇.大学生成人依恋现状及其与人际关系和心理健康水平的关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2008.
[12]Aspelmeier JE,Kerns KA.Love and school:Attachment/exploration dynamics in college[J].Journal of Social&Personal Relationships,2003,20(1):5-30.
[13]艾娟,张敏.老年人孤独、自杀态度以及依恋风格的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2012,20(6):830-833.
[14]Currier JM,Holland JM,Allen D.Attachment and Mental Health Symptoms Among U.S.Afghanistan and Iraq Veterans Seeking Health Care Services[J].Journal of Traumatic Stress,2012,25(6):633-640.
[15]卢莎,赵富才.大学生成人依恋与主观幸福感的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2012,20(11):1750-1752.
[16]Merz EM,Consedine NS.The association of family support and wellbeing in later life depends on adult attachment style[J].Attachment&Human Development,2009,11(2):203-221.
[17]Mikulincer M,Shaver PR.Boosting Attachment Security to Promote Mental Health,Prosocial Values,and Inter-Group Tolerance[J].Psychological Inquiry,2007,18(3):139-156.
[18]Mikulincer M,Shaver PR,Horesh N.Attachment bases of emotion regulation and posttraumatic adjustment[A].In DK Snyder,JA Simpson,&JN Hughes(Eds.),Emotion regulation in families:Pathways to dysfunction and health.Washington DC:American Psychological Association,2006:77-79.
[19]Admoni,S.Attachment security and eating disorders[D].Ramat:Bar-Ilan University,2006
[20]Fonagy P,Leigh T,Steele M,et al.The Relation of Attachment Status,Psychiatric Classification,and Response to Psychotherapy[J].Journal of Consulting&Clinical Psychology,1996,64(1):22-31.
[21]秦和平,刘金光,万露,等.公安干警依恋类型与心理健康的相关性研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(5):558-560.
[22]Belizaire LS,Fuertes JN.Attachment,Coping,Acculturative Stress,and Quality of Life Among Haitian Immigrants[J].Journal of Counseling&Development,2011,89(89):89-97.
[23]Lyons-Ruth K,Jacobvitz D.Attachment disorganization:Genetic factors,parenting contexts,and developmental transformation from infancy to adulthood[A].In J Cassidy&PR Shaver(Eds.),Handbook of attachment:Theory,research,and clinical applications(2nd ed.).New York:Guilford,2008:266-697.
[24]Lobb EA,Kristjanson LJ,Aoun SM,et al.Predictors of complicated grief:A systematic review of empirical studies[J].Death Studies,2010,34:673-698.
[25]Fraley RC,Bonanno GA.Attachment and loss:A test of three competingmodels on the association between attachment related avoidance andadaptation to bereavement[J].Personality&Social Psychology Bulletin,2004,30(7):878-890.
[26]Dozier M,Kobak RR.Psychophysiology in adolescent attachment interviews:Converging evidence for dismissing strategies[J].Child Development,1992(63):1473-1480.
[27]Ehrenthal JC,Friederich HC,Schauenburg H.Separation Recall:Psychophysiological Response-patterns in an Attachment-related Short-term Stressor[J].Stress&Health,2011,27(3):251-255.
[28]何冬丽.农村留守经历对大学生成人依恋风格和主观幸福感的影响[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(2):280-281.
[29]Del GM.Sex Differences in Romantic Attachment:A MetaAnalysis[J].Personality&Social Psychology Bulletin,2011,37(2):193-214.
[30]Pielage SB,Barelds DPH,Gerlsma J.the(in)stability of the relationship questionnaire[A].In SB Pielage(Ed.),Adult attachment and psychosocial functioning.Groningen:Suzanne Pielage,2006:19-36.
[31]Nikitin J,Freund AM.When wanting and fearing go together:The effect of co-occurring social approach and avoidance motivation on behavior,affect,and cognition[J].European Journal of Social Psychology,2010,40:783-804.