“六气法”探究
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摘要
六气法,是养生技术中重要的行气术,是以炼呼为主,配合默念字音,结合脏腑,保健养生,祛除病邪的一种吐纳法。《养性延命录·服气经》与《养性延命录·明医论》中的"六气"法,言语简明,借由疗疾功效与病症之间的对应,可以发现二者之间存在着内在一致性,很有可能《明医论》之"六气"由《服气经》之"六气"发展而来。《养性延命录》《胎息秘要歌诀》《幻真先生服内元气诀》《嵩山太无先生气经》所言"六气法",其主要功能都在于疗病治愈。《四气摄生图》中,"六气法"与四季有着较为明确的对应关系,并将"六气"理法完全确定下来。对"六气法"进行探究,具有文献价值和养生实用价值。
The Six-Breathing Exercise("LIU QI FA") is a deep breathing method, which is one of the important methods of practicing QI in health maintenance skill. It is a method of exhaling, combining with the pronunciation of words and sounds, with the internal organs, to maintain health and expelling diseases and pathogenic factors. The method of "LIU QI" in the two books(Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu: Fu Qi Jing and Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu: Ming Yi Lun) is concise in language. It can be found that there is an internal consistency between them through the correspondence between the curative effect of diseases. It is likely that the "LIU QI" in the book of Ming Yi Lun was developed from the book of Fu Qi Jing. "LIU Qi FA" focuses on treatment and cure in those books(Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu, Tai Xi Mi Yao Ge Jue, Huan Zhen Xian Sheng Fu Nei Yuan Qi Jue, and Song Shan Tai Wu Xian Sheng Qi Jing). In Si Qi She Sheng Tu, there is a clear correspondence between "LIU QI FA" and the four seasons. It is of literature value and practical value to study "LIU QI FA".
The Six-Breathing Exercise("LIU QI FA") is a deep breathing method, which is one of the important methods of practicing QI in health maintenance skill. It is a method of exhaling, combining with the pronunciation of words and sounds, with the internal organs, to maintain health and expelling diseases and pathogenic factors. The method of "LIU QI" in the two books(Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu: Fu Qi Jing and Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu: Ming Yi Lun) is concise in language. It can be found that there is an internal consistency between them through the correspondence between the curative effect of diseases. It is likely that the "LIU QI" in the book of Ming Yi Lun was developed from the book of Fu Qi Jing. "LIU Qi FA" focuses on treatment and cure in those books(Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu, Tai Xi Mi Yao Ge Jue, Huan Zhen Xian Sheng Fu Nei Yuan Qi Jue, and Song Shan Tai Wu Xian Sheng Qi Jing). In Si Qi She Sheng Tu, there is a clear correspondence between "LIU QI FA" and the four seasons. It is of literature value and practical value to study "LIU QI FA".
引文
[1][2]道藏·养性延命录(第18册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:481,482.
[3]道藏·幻真先生服内元气诀(第18册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:442.
[4]道藏·胎息秘要歌诀(第2册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:869.
[5][6][9]任继愈.道藏提要[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005:58,359,359.
[7][明]高濂,王大淳.遵生八笺[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:262.
[8]道藏·嵩山太无先生气经(第18册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:420.
[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]道藏·四气摄生图(第17册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:231,226,227,228,229,230,230,231,231,225,225.
(1)《明医论》对于病因的分析,“疾之所起,自生五劳,五劳既用,二藏先损,心肾受邪,府脏俱病。五劳者:一曰志劳,二曰思劳,三曰心劳,四曰忧劳,五曰疲劳。五劳则生六极:一曰气极,二曰血极,三曰筋极,四曰骨极,五曰精极,六曰髓极。六极即为七伤,七伤故变为七痛,七痛为病,令人邪气多正气少,忽忽喜忘悲伤,不乐饮食,不生肌肤,颜色无泽,发白枯槁,甚者令人得大风偏枯筋缩,四肢拘急挛缩,百关隔塞,羸瘦短气,腰脚疼痛。此由早娶,用精过差,血气不足,极劳之所致也。”参见《养性延命录·服气疗病篇》卷下,《道藏》第18册,第482页。
(2)原文为“目”,误也,应为“自”。
[3]道藏·幻真先生服内元气诀(第18册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:442.
[4]道藏·胎息秘要歌诀(第2册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:869.
[5][6][9]任继愈.道藏提要[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005:58,359,359.
[7][明]高濂,王大淳.遵生八笺[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:262.
[8]道藏·嵩山太无先生气经(第18册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:420.
[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]道藏·四气摄生图(第17册)[M].北京、上海、天津:文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988影印:231,226,227,228,229,230,230,231,231,225,225.
(1)《明医论》对于病因的分析,“疾之所起,自生五劳,五劳既用,二藏先损,心肾受邪,府脏俱病。五劳者:一曰志劳,二曰思劳,三曰心劳,四曰忧劳,五曰疲劳。五劳则生六极:一曰气极,二曰血极,三曰筋极,四曰骨极,五曰精极,六曰髓极。六极即为七伤,七伤故变为七痛,七痛为病,令人邪气多正气少,忽忽喜忘悲伤,不乐饮食,不生肌肤,颜色无泽,发白枯槁,甚者令人得大风偏枯筋缩,四肢拘急挛缩,百关隔塞,羸瘦短气,腰脚疼痛。此由早娶,用精过差,血气不足,极劳之所致也。”参见《养性延命录·服气疗病篇》卷下,《道藏》第18册,第482页。
(2)原文为“目”,误也,应为“自”。