宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体养分特征及微生物特性的影响
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摘要
测定了宁夏黄土丘陵区植被恢复近30年的天然草地和农地不同粒径团聚体的土壤养分含量、微生物生物量、呼吸特性和生态化学计量比等指标,探索黄土丘陵区植被恢复对不同粒径土壤团聚体的养分特性和微生物学性质的影响.结果表明:微团聚体(粒径<0.25 mm)质量百分比、各粒径土壤团聚体养分(有机碳、全氮、速效钾)含量、C/N均表现为天然草地大于农地,其中1～2 mm粒径团聚体有机碳、全氮含量在天然草地和农地中均最高,C/N也较高,说明植被恢复能有效促进土壤团粒的形成,适宜养分积累和有机碳的汇集,且在1～2 mm粒径团聚体上表现最为突出;天然草地各粒径土壤团聚体微生物生物量(碳、氮)、基础呼吸强度均高于农地,而呼吸熵低于农地,可见植被恢复措施可有效提高各粒径土壤微生物生物量与活性,并使土壤生境趋于稳定;但由于养分特性的差异,不同粒径团聚体微生物特性对植被修复的响应存在差异,其中天然草地土壤1～2 mm粒径团聚体微生物生物量碳,<0.25、0.25～1、1～2 mm粒径团聚体微生物生物量氮,以及1～2、>5 mm粒径团聚体基础呼吸强度显著高于其他粒径,即上述粒径团聚体的微生物生物量和微生物活性在植被恢复过程中逐渐被改善.表明宁南山区植被恢复有效改善了土壤团聚体的肥力状况与结构特征,且1～2 mm粒径团聚体的改良效果最为突出.
We explored the effects of vegetation restoration on the soil nutrients and microbial properties of soil aggregates with different particle size by comparing soils in a natural grassland which had been restored for nearly 30 years and in cropland in the loess hilly regions of Ningxia. We analyzed the soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),microbial biomass carbon( MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen( MBN),soil basal respiration( CO2-C) and respiratory quotient( q CO2) of different particle size soil aggregates collected from cropland and natural grassland. The results showed that soil aggregates of natural grassland had more micro-aggregates( particle size<0.25 mm),higher nutrient concentrations( SOC,TN and available K) and C/N than that of cropland. The highest concentrations of SOC and TN in 1-2 mm aggregates and higher C/N in natural grassland and cropland suggested that vegetation restoration could improve the capacity of soil aggregates to reduce nutrient loss and accumulate organic matter,with the highest nutrient accumulation in 1-2 mm aggregates. Microbial biomass( MBC,MBN) and CO2-C in natural grassland were higher than in cropland,but the q CO2 was significantly lower,suggesting that vegetation restoration could effectively improve soil microbial biomass and activity,and make soil habitats more stable. The magnitude of responses of the microbial characteristics of different particle aggregates to vegetation restoration varied due to the differences in nutrient characteristics. The MBC of 1-2 mm aggregates,the MBN of <0.25 mm,0.25-1 mm and 1-2 mm aggregates,the microbial activity of1-2 mm and >5 mm aggregates were more sensitive than the rest of the particle aggregates of vegetation restoration. In conclusion,vegetation restoration could effectively improve the fertility and structural characteristics of soil aggregates,and the most prominent improvement was in 1-2 mm particle size aggregates.
We explored the effects of vegetation restoration on the soil nutrients and microbial properties of soil aggregates with different particle size by comparing soils in a natural grassland which had been restored for nearly 30 years and in cropland in the loess hilly regions of Ningxia. We analyzed the soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),microbial biomass carbon( MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen( MBN),soil basal respiration( CO2-C) and respiratory quotient( q CO2) of different particle size soil aggregates collected from cropland and natural grassland. The results showed that soil aggregates of natural grassland had more micro-aggregates( particle size<0.25 mm),higher nutrient concentrations( SOC,TN and available K) and C/N than that of cropland. The highest concentrations of SOC and TN in 1-2 mm aggregates and higher C/N in natural grassland and cropland suggested that vegetation restoration could improve the capacity of soil aggregates to reduce nutrient loss and accumulate organic matter,with the highest nutrient accumulation in 1-2 mm aggregates. Microbial biomass( MBC,MBN) and CO2-C in natural grassland were higher than in cropland,but the q CO2 was significantly lower,suggesting that vegetation restoration could effectively improve soil microbial biomass and activity,and make soil habitats more stable. The magnitude of responses of the microbial characteristics of different particle aggregates to vegetation restoration varied due to the differences in nutrient characteristics. The MBC of 1-2 mm aggregates,the MBN of <0.25 mm,0.25-1 mm and 1-2 mm aggregates,the microbial activity of1-2 mm and >5 mm aggregates were more sensitive than the rest of the particle aggregates of vegetation restoration. In conclusion,vegetation restoration could effectively improve the fertility and structural characteristics of soil aggregates,and the most prominent improvement was in 1-2 mm particle size aggregates.
引文
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[18]Lu R-K(鲁如坤).Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000(in Chinese)
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[22]Fu BJ,Chen LD,Ma KM,et al.The relationships between land use and soil conditions in the hilly area of the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi,China.Catena,2000,39:69-78
[23]She D(佘雕).The Characteristics and Assessment on Soil Quality of Shrub Lands in Loess Plateau.PhDThesis.Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2010(in Chinese)
[24]Nguyen TT,Cavagnaro TR,Ngo HTT,et al.Soil respiration,microbial biomass and nutrient availability in soil amended with high and low C/N residue:Influence of interval between residue additions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,95:189-197
[25]Lopes MM,Salviano AAC,Araujo ASF,et al.Changes in soil microbial biomass and activity in different Brazilian pastures.Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,8:1253-1259
[26]Raich JW,Tufekcioglu A.Vegetation and soil respiration:Correlations and controls.Biogeochemistry,2000,48:71-90
[27]Heuck C,Weig A,Spohn M.Soil microbial biomass C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial use of organic phosphorus.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,85:119-129
[2]Zhao S-W(赵世伟),Su J(苏静),Wu J-S(吴金水),et al.Changes of soil aggregate organic carbon during process of vegetation restoration in Ziwuling.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2006,20(3):114-117(in Chinese)
[3]Wen Q(文倩),Zhao X-R(赵小蓉),Tuo D-B(妥德宝),et al.Distribution characteristics of microbial biomass carbon in different soil aggregates in semi-arid area.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2005,38(1):91-95(in Chinese)
[4]Wen Q(文倩),Li P-P(李培培),Lin Q-M(林启美),et al.Characteristics of microbial biomass attributes in soil dry aggregates from lands of different uses in the semi-arid area.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2014,34(24):7403-7410(in Chinese)
[5]Hernndez-Hernndez RM,López-Hernndez D.Microbial biomass,mineral nitrogen and carbon content in savanna soil aggregates under conventional and no-tillage.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34:1563-1570
[6]Brookes P,Landman A,Pruden G,et al.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1985,17:837-842
[7]Benesch M,Glaser B,Dippold M,et al.Soil microbial C and N turnover under Cupressus lusitanica,and natural forests in southern Ethiopia assessed by decomposition of13C-and15N-labelled litter under field conditions.Plant and Soil,2015,388:133-146
[8]Li N(李娜),Han X-Z(韩晓增),You M-Y(尤孟阳),et al.Research review on soil aggregates and microbes.Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2013,22(9):1625-1632(in Chinese)
[9]Li J(李景),Wu H-J(吴会军),Wu X-P(武雪萍),et al.Effects of long-term tillage measurements on soil aggregate characteristic and microbial diversity.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(8):2341-2348(in Chinese)
[10]Chenu C,Stotzky G,Huang PM,et al.Interactions between microorganisms and soil particles:An overview//IUPAC Series of Applied Chemistry,ed.Interactions between Soil Particles and Microorganisms.London:Wiley&Sons,2002:3-40
[11]Gong J(巩杰),Chen L-D(陈利顶),Fu B-J(傅伯杰),et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil nutrient in a small catchment in hilly loess area.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2005,19(1):93-96(in Chinese)
[12]Xue S(薛萐),Liu G-B(刘国彬),Dai Q-H(戴全厚),et al.Dynamic changes of soil microbial biomass in the restoration process of shrub plantations in loess hilly area.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(3):517-523(in Chinese)
[13]Huang Y-M(黄懿梅),An S-S(安韶山),Xue H(薛虹).Responses of soil microbial biomass C and N and respiratory quotient(q CO2)to revegetation on the Loess Hilly-Gully region.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2009,29(6):2811-2818(in Chinese)
[14]Rachid M.Stratification of soil aggregation and organic matter under conservation tillage systems in Africa.Soil and Tillage Research,2002,66:119-128
[15]Xue J-F(薛菁芳),Gao Y-M(高艳梅),Wang J-K(汪景宽),et al.Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as an indicator for evaluation of soil fertility.Chinese Journal of Soil Science(土壤通报),2007,38(2):247-250(in Chinese)
[16]Cheng M(程曼),Cheng Y(成毅),An S-S(安韶山).Effects of cropland conversion on soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities in the loess hilly area of Ningxia.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2010,17(5):142-147(in Chinese)
[17]Cheng Y(成毅).Distribution of Soil Microbial Diversity in Different Size of Aggregates during the Process of Revegetation on Southern Area of Ningxia.Master Thesis.Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2011(in Chinese)
[18]Lu R-K(鲁如坤).Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000(in Chinese)
[19]Wan X,Huang Z,He Z,et al.Soil C:N ratio is the major determinant of soil microbial community structure in subtropical coniferous and broadleaf forest plantations.Plant and Soil,2015,387:103-116
[20]Li Y,Wu J,Shen J,et al.Soil microbial C:N ratio is a robust indicator of soil productivity for paddy fields.Scientific Reports,2016,6:35266,doi:10.1038/srep35266
[21]Thomson BC,Tisserant E,Plassart P,et al.Soil conditions and land use intensification effects on soil microbial communities across a range of European field sites.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,88:403-413
[22]Fu BJ,Chen LD,Ma KM,et al.The relationships between land use and soil conditions in the hilly area of the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi,China.Catena,2000,39:69-78
[23]She D(佘雕).The Characteristics and Assessment on Soil Quality of Shrub Lands in Loess Plateau.PhDThesis.Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2010(in Chinese)
[24]Nguyen TT,Cavagnaro TR,Ngo HTT,et al.Soil respiration,microbial biomass and nutrient availability in soil amended with high and low C/N residue:Influence of interval between residue additions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,95:189-197
[25]Lopes MM,Salviano AAC,Araujo ASF,et al.Changes in soil microbial biomass and activity in different Brazilian pastures.Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,8:1253-1259
[26]Raich JW,Tufekcioglu A.Vegetation and soil respiration:Correlations and controls.Biogeochemistry,2000,48:71-90
[27]Heuck C,Weig A,Spohn M.Soil microbial biomass C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial use of organic phosphorus.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,85:119-129