世界遗产地居民对旅游影响的感知研究——以北京昌平区十三陵镇昭陵村和长陵村为例
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摘要
旅游给世界遗产地周边居民带来的经济、社会文化和环境影响日益显现。研究从地方居民感知的视角,并从我国国情出发,建立了包含经济、社会和环境三方面,积极与消极影响两个维度,31个项目的旅游影响态度量表,以北京昌平区十三陵镇昭陵村和长陵村为例,从居民的视角探索世界遗产地旅游目的地旅游开发的影响。研究发现:北京市昌平区世界遗产旅游地十三陵的开发,对旅游地居民的经济、社会文化和生态方面产生一定的影响;居民旅游影响感知总体呈现正面影响感知较弱,而负面影响感知相对较高的特点;居民对旅游业发展现状总体满意度不高,但支持度较高;年龄、是否从事旅游业、家庭年总收入、家庭主要收入来源、是否本地居民、在本地居住时间和居民受教育水平七个人口统计学特征对居民感知有显著影响,性别无显著影响。
The economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts of tourism on the inhabitants of World Heritage Sites are increasingly apparent. Based on China's national conditions,, From the perspective of local residents' perception,the research establishes a scale of tourism impact attitude consisting of 31 items, including economic, social and environmental aspects, and with two dimensions of positive and negative effects,and takes the villagers of Zhaoling Village and Changling Village of Shisanling Town in Changping District of Beijing as the case to explore residents' perceptions of the tourism impact at the World Heritage Site. The study finds that the development of the Shisanling in Changping District of Beijing has a certain impact on the economic, social, cultural and ecological aspects of the residents; the residents' perception of tourism impact is generally characterized by weak perception of positive impact while relatively high perception of negative impact; the residents' overall satisfaction with the development of tourism is not high, but their support is relatively high;and seven demographic characteristics such as age, whether to engage in tourism, annual total family income, main family income sources, whether to be a local resident, residence time and education level of residents have significant impact on residents' perception, but gender has no significant impact.
The economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts of tourism on the inhabitants of World Heritage Sites are increasingly apparent. Based on China's national conditions,, From the perspective of local residents' perception,the research establishes a scale of tourism impact attitude consisting of 31 items, including economic, social and environmental aspects, and with two dimensions of positive and negative effects,and takes the villagers of Zhaoling Village and Changling Village of Shisanling Town in Changping District of Beijing as the case to explore residents' perceptions of the tourism impact at the World Heritage Site. The study finds that the development of the Shisanling in Changping District of Beijing has a certain impact on the economic, social, cultural and ecological aspects of the residents; the residents' perception of tourism impact is generally characterized by weak perception of positive impact while relatively high perception of negative impact; the residents' overall satisfaction with the development of tourism is not high, but their support is relatively high;and seven demographic characteristics such as age, whether to engage in tourism, annual total family income, main family income sources, whether to be a local resident, residence time and education level of residents have significant impact on residents' perception, but gender has no significant impact.
引文
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[2]Butler R W.The concept of the tourist area life-cycle of evolution:implications for management of resources[J].Canadian Geographer,1980,24(1):5-12.
[3]Perdue R R,Long P T,Allen L.Resident support for tourism development[J].Annals of Tourism research,1990,17,586-599.
[4]Lankford S V,Howard D R.Developing a tourism impact attitude scale[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1994,21(1):121-139.
[5]Ap J,Crompton J L.Developing and testing a tourism impact scale[J].Journal of Travel Research,1998,37(2):120-130.
[6]Tosun C.Host perceptions of impacts:a comparative tourism study[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29:231-253.