岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失过程、机理及综合防治研究进展
|
摘要
开展岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失的理论研究,为岩溶地区石漠化综合治理和生态环境保护提供理论参考。从水土漏失概念、过程、特点、机理、研究方法及防治措施等方面,梳理了20世纪60年代以来岩溶地区水土漏失理论的研究进展,对未来水土漏失研究趋势进行了分析。认为今后岩溶区水土漏失研究应重点关注:1)地质环境、降雨、土壤理化性质及地下水动力条件等与水土漏失之间的相互作用; 2)水土漏失监测设备研发与方法创新,构建监测水土流失/漏失的综合体系; 3)对不同岩溶背景、地貌类型坡面-洼地-落水洞水土漏失的生物与工程协同阻控技术体系研究; 4)水土漏失强度等级划分及效益评价等方面的深入研究。
The study of the leakage of water and soil in Karst peaks and depressions can provide theoretical direction for comprehensive control of rocky desertification,protection of ecological environment. In this paper,the concept,process,characteristics,mechanism,research methods and prevention measures of the leakage of water and soil in Karst areas since the 1960 s are reviewed,and the research trend of the leakage of water and soil in the future is analyzed. It is suggested that future studies on the leakage of water and soil in Karst areas should focus on: 1) the interaction between geological environment,rainfall,soil physical and chemical properties and groundwater dynamic conditions and the leakage of water and soil; 2) research and development of the water leakage and soil monitoring equipment and innovation of methods to build a comprehensive system for monitoring water and soil loss/leakage; 3) research on the biological and engineering coordinated resistance and control technology system of the leakage of water and soil in slope surface-depression-ponor with different Karst backgrounds and geomorphological types; 4) in-depth study on classification of soil and water loss intensity and benefit evaluation.
The study of the leakage of water and soil in Karst peaks and depressions can provide theoretical direction for comprehensive control of rocky desertification,protection of ecological environment. In this paper,the concept,process,characteristics,mechanism,research methods and prevention measures of the leakage of water and soil in Karst areas since the 1960 s are reviewed,and the research trend of the leakage of water and soil in the future is analyzed. It is suggested that future studies on the leakage of water and soil in Karst areas should focus on: 1) the interaction between geological environment,rainfall,soil physical and chemical properties and groundwater dynamic conditions and the leakage of water and soil; 2) research and development of the water leakage and soil monitoring equipment and innovation of methods to build a comprehensive system for monitoring water and soil loss/leakage; 3) research on the biological and engineering coordinated resistance and control technology system of the leakage of water and soil in slope surface-depression-ponor with different Karst backgrounds and geomorphological types; 4) in-depth study on classification of soil and water loss intensity and benefit evaluation.
引文
[1]蒋忠诚,李先琨,曾馥平,等.岩溶峰丛山地脆弱生态系统重建技术研究[J].地球学报,2009,30(2):155-166.
[2]张信宝,王世杰.浅议喀斯特流域土壤地下漏失的界定[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):602-603.
[3]苏维词,周济祚.贵州喀斯特山地的“石漠化”及防治对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995(2):177-182.
[4]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):878-888.
[5]蒋忠诚,罗为群,邓艳,等.岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失及防治研究[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):535-542.
[6]JONES R I. Aspects of the biological weathering of limestone pavement[J]. Proceedings of the Geologists’Association,1965,76(4):421-433.
[7]GOSDEN M S. Peat deposits of scar close,Ingleborough,Yorkshire[J]. Journal of Ecology,1968,56(2):345-353.
[8]DREW D P. Accelerated soil erosion in a karst area:The Burren,western Ireland[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1983,61(1):113-124.
[9]BELL M,LIMBREY S. Archaeological aspects of woodland ecology[J]. Bar International Series,1982,146(2):115-127.
[10]张信宝,王世杰,贺秀斌,等.碳酸盐岩风化壳中的土壤蠕滑与岩溶坡地的土壤地下漏失[J].地球与环境,2007,35(3):202-206.
[11]王恒松,熊康宁,刘云.喀斯特区地下水土流失机理研究[J].中国水土保持,2009,2009(8):11-14.
[12]唐益群,张晓晖,周洁,等.喀斯特石漠化地区土壤地下漏失的机理研究:以贵州普定县陈旗小流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(2):121-127.
[13]郭红艳,周金星.石漠化地区水土地下漏失治理[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(5):71-76.
[14]张笑楠,王克林,张伟,等.典型喀斯特坡地137Cs的分布与相关影响因子研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):34-40.
[15]李渊,刘子琦,吕小溪,等.贵州石漠化地区地下漏失水土理化性质特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):111-117.
[16]周念清,李彩霞,江思珉,等.普定岩溶区水土流失与土壤漏失模式研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(1):7-11.
[17]彭韬,王世杰,张信宝,等.喀斯特坡地地表径流系数监测初报[J].地球与环境,2008,36(2):125-129.
[18]HESSEL R,ASCH T V. Modelling gully erosion for a small catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Catena,2002,54(1):131-146.
[19] KINNELL P L A. Raindrop-impact-induced erosion processes and prediction:A review[J]. Hydrological Processes,2010,19(14):2815-2844.
[20]唐克丽,郑芬莉,史德明.土壤侵蚀研究回顾与展望[J].土壤学报,1989,26(3):226-233.
[21]龙健.贵州喀斯特地区土壤障碍因素分析及其调控对策[J].土壤通报,2005,36(5):157-160.
[22]唐益群,张晓晖,佘恬钰,等.贵州石漠化地区棕黄色粘性土团聚体稳定性研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):817-822.
[23]解明曙.林木根系固坡土力学机制研究[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(3):7-14.
[24]张信宝,王世杰,曹建华.西南喀斯特山地的土壤硅酸盐矿物物质平衡与土壤流失[J].地球与环境,2009,37(2):97-102.
[25]苏维词.中国西南岩溶山区石漠化的现状成因及治理的优化模式[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):29-32.
[26]魏兴萍,袁道先,谢世友.运用137Cs与土壤营养元素探讨重庆岩溶槽谷区山坡土壤的流失和漏失[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):16-19.
[27]王明章.论岩溶石漠化地质背景及其研究意义[J].贵州地质,2003,20(2):63-67.
[28]李阳兵,姜丽,白晓永.亚热带喀斯特石漠化土地退化特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(3):395-399.
[29]王恒松,熊康宁,刘云.西南岩溶区地下水土流失浅析[J].图书情报导刊,2008,18(32):144-146.
[30]何永彬,李豪,张信宝,等.贵州茂兰峰丛草地洼地小流域侵蚀产沙的137Cs法研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):181-188.
[31]张信宝,李少龙,王成华,等.137Cs法测算梁峁坡农耕地土壤侵蚀量的初探[J].水土保持通报,1988,8(5):18-22,29.
[32]侯建才,李占斌,李勉.紫色丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀产沙空间分布的137Cs法初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):46-50.
[33]AXEL B,VOLKMAR W. Microbial immobilization and recycling of137Cs in the organic layers of forest ecosystems:Relationship to environmental conditions,humification and invertebrate activity[J]. Science of the Total Environment,1994,157(11):249-256.
[34]魏兴萍,谢德体,倪九派,等.重庆岩溶槽谷区山坡土壤的漏失研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,25(3):462-473.
[35]MABIT L,BENMANSOUR M,ABRIL J M,et al. Fallout210Pb as a soil and sediment tracer in catchment sediment budget investigations:A review[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2014,138(11):335-351.
[36]王晓燕,田均良,杨明义.土壤剖面中210Pbex的分布特征及其在土壤侵蚀示踪中的应用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(6):581-585.
[37]张信宝,WALLING D E,冯明义,等.210Pbex在土壤中的深度分布和通过210Pbex法求算土壤侵蚀速率模型[J].科学通报,2003,48(5):502-506.
[38]杨本俊,杨浩,陈劲松,等.宁镇地区7Be在黄棕壤坡地中的季节性分布研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):24-28.
[39]BAI Z G,WAN G J,WANG C S,et al.7Be distribution in surface soil of central Guizhou karst region and its erosion trace[J]. Progress in Natural Science,1996,6(6):62-72.
[40]MILTON G M,KRAMER S J,WATSON W L,et al. Qualitative estimates of soil disturbance in the vicinity of CANDU stations,utilizing measurements of137Cs and210Pb in soil cores[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2001,55(2):195-205.
[41]张信宝,贺秀斌,文安邦,等.川中丘陵区小流域泥沙来源的137Cs和210Pb双同位素法研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(15):1537-1541.
[42]WALLBRINK P J,MURRAY A S. Use of fallout radionuclides as indicators of erosion processes[J]. Hydrological Processes,2010,7(3):297-304.
[43]蔡雄飞,王济,雷丽,等.不同雨强对我国西南喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀影响的模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):5-8.
[44]严友进,戴全厚,伏文兵,等.喀斯特坡地土壤地下侵蚀模拟试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):7-13.
[45]李晋,熊康宁,王仙攀.喀斯特地区小流域地下水土流失观测研究[J].中国水土保持,2012(6):38-40.
[46]周福莉,李廷勇,陈虹利,等.重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水水文地球化学指标的时空变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):253-259.
[47]罗为群,蒋忠诚,韩清延,等.岩溶峰丛洼地不同地貌部位土壤分布及其侵蚀特点[J].中国水土保持,2008,2008(12):46-49.
[48]王升,陈洪松,付智勇,等.基于探地雷达的典型喀斯特坡地土层厚度估测[J].土壤学报,2015,52(5):1024-1030.
[49]罗为群,蒋忠诚,欧阳然,等.典型岩溶峰丛洼地水土保持技术研究[J].中国水土保持,2013(1):37-41.
[50]JIANG Z,LIAN Y,QIN X. Rocky desertification in Southwest China:Impacts,causes,and restoration[J]. Earthence Reviews,2014,132(3):1-12.
[51]曹建华,鲁胜力,杨德生,等.西南岩溶区水土流失过程及防治对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(2):52-56.
[52]罗为群,张辉旭,蒋忠诚,等.岩溶峰丛洼地不同环境水土流失差异及防治研究:以广西果化岩溶生态研究基地为例[J].地球学报,2014,35(4):473-480.
[2]张信宝,王世杰.浅议喀斯特流域土壤地下漏失的界定[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):602-603.
[3]苏维词,周济祚.贵州喀斯特山地的“石漠化”及防治对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995(2):177-182.
[4]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):878-888.
[5]蒋忠诚,罗为群,邓艳,等.岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失及防治研究[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):535-542.
[6]JONES R I. Aspects of the biological weathering of limestone pavement[J]. Proceedings of the Geologists’Association,1965,76(4):421-433.
[7]GOSDEN M S. Peat deposits of scar close,Ingleborough,Yorkshire[J]. Journal of Ecology,1968,56(2):345-353.
[8]DREW D P. Accelerated soil erosion in a karst area:The Burren,western Ireland[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1983,61(1):113-124.
[9]BELL M,LIMBREY S. Archaeological aspects of woodland ecology[J]. Bar International Series,1982,146(2):115-127.
[10]张信宝,王世杰,贺秀斌,等.碳酸盐岩风化壳中的土壤蠕滑与岩溶坡地的土壤地下漏失[J].地球与环境,2007,35(3):202-206.
[11]王恒松,熊康宁,刘云.喀斯特区地下水土流失机理研究[J].中国水土保持,2009,2009(8):11-14.
[12]唐益群,张晓晖,周洁,等.喀斯特石漠化地区土壤地下漏失的机理研究:以贵州普定县陈旗小流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(2):121-127.
[13]郭红艳,周金星.石漠化地区水土地下漏失治理[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(5):71-76.
[14]张笑楠,王克林,张伟,等.典型喀斯特坡地137Cs的分布与相关影响因子研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):34-40.
[15]李渊,刘子琦,吕小溪,等.贵州石漠化地区地下漏失水土理化性质特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):111-117.
[16]周念清,李彩霞,江思珉,等.普定岩溶区水土流失与土壤漏失模式研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(1):7-11.
[17]彭韬,王世杰,张信宝,等.喀斯特坡地地表径流系数监测初报[J].地球与环境,2008,36(2):125-129.
[18]HESSEL R,ASCH T V. Modelling gully erosion for a small catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Catena,2002,54(1):131-146.
[19] KINNELL P L A. Raindrop-impact-induced erosion processes and prediction:A review[J]. Hydrological Processes,2010,19(14):2815-2844.
[20]唐克丽,郑芬莉,史德明.土壤侵蚀研究回顾与展望[J].土壤学报,1989,26(3):226-233.
[21]龙健.贵州喀斯特地区土壤障碍因素分析及其调控对策[J].土壤通报,2005,36(5):157-160.
[22]唐益群,张晓晖,佘恬钰,等.贵州石漠化地区棕黄色粘性土团聚体稳定性研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):817-822.
[23]解明曙.林木根系固坡土力学机制研究[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(3):7-14.
[24]张信宝,王世杰,曹建华.西南喀斯特山地的土壤硅酸盐矿物物质平衡与土壤流失[J].地球与环境,2009,37(2):97-102.
[25]苏维词.中国西南岩溶山区石漠化的现状成因及治理的优化模式[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):29-32.
[26]魏兴萍,袁道先,谢世友.运用137Cs与土壤营养元素探讨重庆岩溶槽谷区山坡土壤的流失和漏失[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):16-19.
[27]王明章.论岩溶石漠化地质背景及其研究意义[J].贵州地质,2003,20(2):63-67.
[28]李阳兵,姜丽,白晓永.亚热带喀斯特石漠化土地退化特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(3):395-399.
[29]王恒松,熊康宁,刘云.西南岩溶区地下水土流失浅析[J].图书情报导刊,2008,18(32):144-146.
[30]何永彬,李豪,张信宝,等.贵州茂兰峰丛草地洼地小流域侵蚀产沙的137Cs法研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):181-188.
[31]张信宝,李少龙,王成华,等.137Cs法测算梁峁坡农耕地土壤侵蚀量的初探[J].水土保持通报,1988,8(5):18-22,29.
[32]侯建才,李占斌,李勉.紫色丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀产沙空间分布的137Cs法初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):46-50.
[33]AXEL B,VOLKMAR W. Microbial immobilization and recycling of137Cs in the organic layers of forest ecosystems:Relationship to environmental conditions,humification and invertebrate activity[J]. Science of the Total Environment,1994,157(11):249-256.
[34]魏兴萍,谢德体,倪九派,等.重庆岩溶槽谷区山坡土壤的漏失研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,25(3):462-473.
[35]MABIT L,BENMANSOUR M,ABRIL J M,et al. Fallout210Pb as a soil and sediment tracer in catchment sediment budget investigations:A review[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2014,138(11):335-351.
[36]王晓燕,田均良,杨明义.土壤剖面中210Pbex的分布特征及其在土壤侵蚀示踪中的应用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(6):581-585.
[37]张信宝,WALLING D E,冯明义,等.210Pbex在土壤中的深度分布和通过210Pbex法求算土壤侵蚀速率模型[J].科学通报,2003,48(5):502-506.
[38]杨本俊,杨浩,陈劲松,等.宁镇地区7Be在黄棕壤坡地中的季节性分布研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):24-28.
[39]BAI Z G,WAN G J,WANG C S,et al.7Be distribution in surface soil of central Guizhou karst region and its erosion trace[J]. Progress in Natural Science,1996,6(6):62-72.
[40]MILTON G M,KRAMER S J,WATSON W L,et al. Qualitative estimates of soil disturbance in the vicinity of CANDU stations,utilizing measurements of137Cs and210Pb in soil cores[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2001,55(2):195-205.
[41]张信宝,贺秀斌,文安邦,等.川中丘陵区小流域泥沙来源的137Cs和210Pb双同位素法研究[J].科学通报,2004,49(15):1537-1541.
[42]WALLBRINK P J,MURRAY A S. Use of fallout radionuclides as indicators of erosion processes[J]. Hydrological Processes,2010,7(3):297-304.
[43]蔡雄飞,王济,雷丽,等.不同雨强对我国西南喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀影响的模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):5-8.
[44]严友进,戴全厚,伏文兵,等.喀斯特坡地土壤地下侵蚀模拟试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):7-13.
[45]李晋,熊康宁,王仙攀.喀斯特地区小流域地下水土流失观测研究[J].中国水土保持,2012(6):38-40.
[46]周福莉,李廷勇,陈虹利,等.重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水水文地球化学指标的时空变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):253-259.
[47]罗为群,蒋忠诚,韩清延,等.岩溶峰丛洼地不同地貌部位土壤分布及其侵蚀特点[J].中国水土保持,2008,2008(12):46-49.
[48]王升,陈洪松,付智勇,等.基于探地雷达的典型喀斯特坡地土层厚度估测[J].土壤学报,2015,52(5):1024-1030.
[49]罗为群,蒋忠诚,欧阳然,等.典型岩溶峰丛洼地水土保持技术研究[J].中国水土保持,2013(1):37-41.
[50]JIANG Z,LIAN Y,QIN X. Rocky desertification in Southwest China:Impacts,causes,and restoration[J]. Earthence Reviews,2014,132(3):1-12.
[51]曹建华,鲁胜力,杨德生,等.西南岩溶区水土流失过程及防治对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(2):52-56.
[52]罗为群,张辉旭,蒋忠诚,等.岩溶峰丛洼地不同环境水土流失差异及防治研究:以广西果化岩溶生态研究基地为例[J].地球学报,2014,35(4):473-480.