进口烤烟与我国主产区烤烟烟叶物理特性相似性分析
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摘要
为明确进口烤烟烟叶与国产烟叶物理特性的相似性,对比分析了津巴布韦、赞比亚、马拉维和坦桑尼亚4个国家不同等级进口烤烟烟叶物理特性,并与我国云南、贵州等11个主产区烤烟烟叶物理特性进行聚类分析。结果表明:(1)我国烟叶叶面密度、厚度、平衡含水量和填充值与进口烟叶接近,拉力高于进口烟叶,单叶质量低于进口烟叶。(2)山东、四川、重庆、云南等地烤烟烟叶物理特性与进口烟叶较为接近,与马拉维和坦桑尼亚烤烟烟叶相似性较高,与津巴布韦和赞比亚烟叶相似性略次。广东、湖北、贵州、湖南、福建、河南、陕西等地烟叶与进口烟叶物理特性差异较大。
To investigate the similarity of physical properties between imported flue-cured tobacco leaves and domestic tobacco leaves, the physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves of four grades from Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania were compared. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed by cluster analysis with samples from 11 domestic production areas including Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan, etc. The results showed that: 1) The weight per unit leaf area, thickness, equilibrium moisture content and filling value of domestic flue-cured tobacco leaves were close to that of imported tobacco leaves, but the tension was higher and the single leaf weight was lower. 2) The physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves from Shandong, Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan were similar to imported samples, especially to Malawi and Tanzania samples. The physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves from Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou, Hunan, Fujian, Henan and Shaanxi had a great difference with that of imported ones.
To investigate the similarity of physical properties between imported flue-cured tobacco leaves and domestic tobacco leaves, the physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves of four grades from Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania were compared. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed by cluster analysis with samples from 11 domestic production areas including Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan, etc. The results showed that: 1) The weight per unit leaf area, thickness, equilibrium moisture content and filling value of domestic flue-cured tobacco leaves were close to that of imported tobacco leaves, but the tension was higher and the single leaf weight was lower. 2) The physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves from Shandong, Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan were similar to imported samples, especially to Malawi and Tanzania samples. The physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves from Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou, Hunan, Fujian, Henan and Shaanxi had a great difference with that of imported ones.
引文
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[17]郭玮.清江流域烟区烤烟质量综合评价基于津巴布韦烤烟的相似性分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2010.GUO W.Comprehensive evaluation of flue-cured tobacco quality in Qingjiang tobacco growing areas of Hubei province and similarity analysis with Zimbabwei tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2010.
[18]王玉军,谢胜利,刑淑华,等.烤烟叶片厚度与主要化学组成相关性研究[J].中国烟草科学,1997,18(1):11-14.WANG Y J,XIE S L,XING S H,et al.Study on correlation between flue-cured tobacco leaf thickness and main chemical composition[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1997,18(1):11-14.
[19]王欣.湖北烟区烤烟质量综合评价及与国内外优质烤烟的差异分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.WANG X.Comprehensive evaluation of flue-cured tobacco quality in Hubei tobacco-growing areas and difference analysis with the domestic and international tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2008.
[20]薛超群,尹启生,王广山,等.烤烟烟叶物理特性的变化及其与评吸质量的关系[J].烟草科技,2008(7):52-55.XUE C Q,YIN Q S,WANG G S,et al.Physical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaf and their relation to smoking quality[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2008(7):52-55.
[21]温玉转.施钾和施硫水平对香料烟燃烧性及品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.WEN Y Z.Effect of potassium and sulfur fertilizer rates on the combustibility and quality of oriental tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2011.
[22]黄国友,刁朝强,陈雪,等.我国部分替代进口烟叶种植区域可行性分析[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(4):25-29.HUANG G Y,DIAO C Q,CHEN X,et al.Feasibility analysis on tobacco planting region in China for partial imported substitution[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2008,29(4):25-29.
[23]王林,吴风光,汪健,等.综合替代技术在替代津巴布韦烟叶上的应用[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(5):79-82.WANG L,WU F G,WANG J,et al.Application of comprehensive substituting technology to substitute for Zimbabwe tobacco leaf[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(5):79-82.
[24]刘国顺.国内外烟叶质量差距分析和提高烟叶质量技术途径探讨[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(Z1):54-58.LIU G S.Analysis of differences between domestic and overseas tobacco quality and technical approachs for the improvement of tobacco quality[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2003,9(Z1):54-58.
[25]冯小虎,董建新,熊萍,等.不同形态镁肥对江西烟区烤烟质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(6):53-55,59.FENG X H,DONG J X,XIONG P,et al.The effect of different magnesium fertilizers on tobacco quality in Jiangxi province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2011,32(6):53-55,59.
[2]闫新甫.全国烟叶生产和市场变化趋势[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(5):101-112.YAN X F.Change trends of production and market of tobacco leaves in China[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(5):101-112.
[3]李勇,逄涛,师君丽,等.国内外主产烟区烤烟化学成分分析[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(1):12-16.LI Y,PANG T,SHI J L,et al.Comparison of chemical components in flue-cured tobaccos among Chinese and overseas major planting zones[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2013,34(1):12-16.
[4]宋文峰,刘国顺,金一兵,等.泸州烟区烤烟化学成分与国内外其它烟区的比较分析[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(3):679-684.SONG W F,LIU G S,JIN Y B,et al.Comparative analysis of chemical components of tobacco between Luzhou and other areas both domestic and abroad[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2010,23(3):679-684.
[5]张加云,何其晶,余凌翔,等.云南新烟区与津巴布韦KRK26烟叶化学成分相似性分析[J].云南农业大学学报,2011,26(S2):47-52.ZHANG J Y,HE Q J,YU L X,et al.Similarity analysis of KRK26 tobacco chemical components in Yunnan new planting-areas and Zimbabwe[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2011,26(S2):47-52.
[6]周冀衡,王勇,邵岩,等.产烟国部分烟区烤烟质体色素及主要挥发性香气物质含量的比较[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,31(2):128-132.ZHOU J H,WANG Y,SHAO Y,et al.The comparison on the content of chromoplast pigments and volatile aromatic materials of flue-cured tobacco from domestic and abroad[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2005,31(2):128-132.
[7]闫铁军,蔡冰,何洁望,等.湖北烤烟与国内外其他烟区烤烟的比较[J].烟草科技,2008(10):53-57.YAN T J,CAI B,HE J W,et al.Comparison of flue-cured tobacco from Hubei and other tobacco growing areas[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2008(10):53-57.
[8]王欣,赵云飞,闫铁军,等.湖北烟区烤烟感官质量评价及与津巴布韦烤烟的相似性分析[J].烟草科技,2010(11):5-8.WANG X,ZHAO Y F,YAN T J,et al.Sensory quality evaluation of Hubei flue-cured tobacco and its similarity with Zimbabwean flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2010(11):5-8.
[9]许自成,黎妍妍,毕庆文,等.湖北烟区烤烟气候适生性评价及与国外烟区的相似性分析[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3832-3838.XU Z C,LI Y Y,BI Q W,et al.Evaluation on climatic feasibility of tobacco-growing areas in Hubei and its similarity to that of foreign tobacco-growing areas[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3832-.838.
[10]孔光辉.云南与津巴布韦主要烟区气候及烟叶品质比较[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.KONG G H.Comparisons of climate and leaf quality in main tobacco growing areas between Yunnan and Zimbabwe[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2011.
[11]王林,吴风光,王乐军.国产优质烟叶替代津巴布韦烟叶的模块设计及应用[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2013,28(1):30-33.WANG L,WU F G,WANG L J.The module design and application in substituting domestic high-quality tobacco leaf for Zimbabwe tobacco leaf[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Natural Science),2013,28(1):30-33.
[12]王兵,杨佳玫,邓国栋,等.国产拟替代进口烤烟与津巴布韦烤烟烟叶感官质量耐加工性的比较[J].烟草科技,2009(4):14-17,24.WANG B,YANG J M,DENG G D,et al.Comparison of processing characteristics between Zimbabwean flue-cured tobacco and its potential domestic substitute in respect of sensory quality[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009(4):14-17,24.
[13]杨松,孙培建,孙学辉,等.国内外烤烟烟气焦油、7种代表性有害成分及烟碱释放量对比分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(3):28-37.YANG S,SUN P J,SUN X H,et al.Comparative analysis of tar,nicotine,and seven representative harmful components deliveries between flue-cured tobacco of domestic and foreign origins[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2017,23(3):28-37.
[14]郭建华,宋纪真,王广山,等.基于主成分分析和聚类分析的烟叶物理特性区域归类[J].烟草科技,2014(8):14-17.GUO J H,SONG J Z,WANG G S,et al.Regional classification according to physical properties of tobaccoleaves based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2014(8):14-17.
[15]尹启生,陈江华,王信民,等.2002年度全国烟叶质量评价分析[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(Z1):59-70.YIN Q S,CHEN J H,WANG X M,et al.The quality evaluation of leaf tobacco in China in 2002[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2003,9(Z1):59-70.
[16]肖吉中,江锡瑜,黄立栋,等.烤烟增香气增单叶重增上等烟及其栽培调制技术研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2001,20(4):245-251.XIAO J Z,JIANG X Y,HUANG L D,et al.Cultivation measures and curing techniques for enhancing aroma,weight per leaf and high class leaf of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2001,20(4):245-251.
[17]郭玮.清江流域烟区烤烟质量综合评价基于津巴布韦烤烟的相似性分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2010.GUO W.Comprehensive evaluation of flue-cured tobacco quality in Qingjiang tobacco growing areas of Hubei province and similarity analysis with Zimbabwei tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2010.
[18]王玉军,谢胜利,刑淑华,等.烤烟叶片厚度与主要化学组成相关性研究[J].中国烟草科学,1997,18(1):11-14.WANG Y J,XIE S L,XING S H,et al.Study on correlation between flue-cured tobacco leaf thickness and main chemical composition[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1997,18(1):11-14.
[19]王欣.湖北烟区烤烟质量综合评价及与国内外优质烤烟的差异分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.WANG X.Comprehensive evaluation of flue-cured tobacco quality in Hubei tobacco-growing areas and difference analysis with the domestic and international tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2008.
[20]薛超群,尹启生,王广山,等.烤烟烟叶物理特性的变化及其与评吸质量的关系[J].烟草科技,2008(7):52-55.XUE C Q,YIN Q S,WANG G S,et al.Physical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaf and their relation to smoking quality[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2008(7):52-55.
[21]温玉转.施钾和施硫水平对香料烟燃烧性及品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.WEN Y Z.Effect of potassium and sulfur fertilizer rates on the combustibility and quality of oriental tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2011.
[22]黄国友,刁朝强,陈雪,等.我国部分替代进口烟叶种植区域可行性分析[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(4):25-29.HUANG G Y,DIAO C Q,CHEN X,et al.Feasibility analysis on tobacco planting region in China for partial imported substitution[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2008,29(4):25-29.
[23]王林,吴风光,汪健,等.综合替代技术在替代津巴布韦烟叶上的应用[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(5):79-82.WANG L,WU F G,WANG J,et al.Application of comprehensive substituting technology to substitute for Zimbabwe tobacco leaf[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(5):79-82.
[24]刘国顺.国内外烟叶质量差距分析和提高烟叶质量技术途径探讨[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(Z1):54-58.LIU G S.Analysis of differences between domestic and overseas tobacco quality and technical approachs for the improvement of tobacco quality[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2003,9(Z1):54-58.
[25]冯小虎,董建新,熊萍,等.不同形态镁肥对江西烟区烤烟质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(6):53-55,59.FENG X H,DONG J X,XIONG P,et al.The effect of different magnesium fertilizers on tobacco quality in Jiangxi province[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2011,32(6):53-55,59.