透气式球形活性炭化学防护服复合面料的制备及其性能
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摘要
为制备兼具优良的防护性能和生理舒适性能的透气式化学防护服面料,在结构优化设计的基础上,采用4种不同球形活性炭(SAC)作为核心吸附材料,通过点黏复合技术开发出系列SAC复合织物作为化学防护服的中间吸附层材料,并借助扫描电子显微镜、比表面积及孔隙分析仪等对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:开发的SAC化学防护服复合面料通过防油-吸附机制实现防毒;综合成本、透气性、黏结牢度、防毒性能等指标,采用国产沥青基SAC做吸附剂制备的透气式化学防护服复合面料性能最佳,相应吸附层材料的面密度为386. 6 g/m~2,透气率达到1 086. 57 mm/s,球炭与复合材料基布的黏结牢固,洗脱率仅为0. 87%,吸附容量保留率达到90. 3%,该复合面料的"液-气"防毒时间大于48 h,"气-气"防毒时间为230 min。
In order to prepare permeable chemical protective clothing fabric with excellent protection performance and physiological comfort performance,based on structural optimization design,a series of intermediate adsorption layer materials were prepared by using four different spherical activated carbons( SACs) as core adsorption materials by point-adhesive composite technology. The structure and properties of the materials were studied by means of scanning electron microscope observation,specific surface area and pore structure analysis, etc. The results show that the chemical protective mechanism of the developed SAC-based chemical protective clothing fabric is oil repellence and adsorption. By overall consideration of multiple indicators such as cost,gas permeability,adhesion fastness,chemical protective performance,permeable chemical protective clothing composite fabric prepared using domestic pitchbased medium sphere SAC2 as adsorbent show optimal performance. The surface density and the air permeability of its corresponding adsorption layer material are 386. 6 g/m~2 and 1 086. 57 mm/s,respectively. Moreover,the SAC spheres are firmly adhered to the base cloth with a washout ratio of0. 87% and its adsorption capacity retention ratio reaches 90. 3%. The liquid-gas protection time is over48 h and the gas-gas protection time is 230 min.
In order to prepare permeable chemical protective clothing fabric with excellent protection performance and physiological comfort performance,based on structural optimization design,a series of intermediate adsorption layer materials were prepared by using four different spherical activated carbons( SACs) as core adsorption materials by point-adhesive composite technology. The structure and properties of the materials were studied by means of scanning electron microscope observation,specific surface area and pore structure analysis, etc. The results show that the chemical protective mechanism of the developed SAC-based chemical protective clothing fabric is oil repellence and adsorption. By overall consideration of multiple indicators such as cost,gas permeability,adhesion fastness,chemical protective performance,permeable chemical protective clothing composite fabric prepared using domestic pitchbased medium sphere SAC2 as adsorbent show optimal performance. The surface density and the air permeability of its corresponding adsorption layer material are 386. 6 g/m~2 and 1 086. 57 mm/s,respectively. Moreover,the SAC spheres are firmly adhered to the base cloth with a washout ratio of0. 87% and its adsorption capacity retention ratio reaches 90. 3%. The liquid-gas protection time is over48 h and the gas-gas protection time is 230 min.
引文
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[13]赵晓明,刘宝成.透气式防毒服的发展现状及最新研究进展[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):3083-3089,3098.ZHAO Xiaoming,LIU Baocheng.Permeable protective suit:status quo and latest research progress[J].Materials Review,2018,32(17):3083-3089,3098.
[14]OH J Y,YOU Y W,PARK J,et al.Adsorption characteristics of benzene on resin-based activated carbon under humid conditions[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2019,71:242-249.
[15]BAEK M H,YOON J W,HONG J S,et al.Application of Ti O2-containing mesoporous spherical activated carbon in a fluidized bed photoreactor:adsorption and photocatalytic activity[J].Applied Catalysis A:General,2013,450(7):222-229.
[16]NJOKU V O,HAMEED B H.Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from corncob by chemical activation with H3PO4for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid adsorption[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,173(2):391-399.
[17]HAMEED B H,DIN A T M,AHMAD A L.Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon:kinetics and equilibrium studies[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(3):819-825.
[2]周长年.生化防护服防护材料研究及其性能评价[D].北京:北京服装学院,2006:3-26.ZHOU Changnian.Study on biological and chemical protective clothing materials and evaluate their performance[D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,2006:3-26.
[3]田涛,段惠莉,吴金辉,等.国内外生化防护服的研究现状与发展对策[J].医疗卫生装备,2008,29(7):29-31.TIAN Tao,DUAN Huili,WU Jinhui,et al.Current situation of worldwide biochemical protective clothing and chinese countermeasures[J].Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(7):29-31.
[4]李小银.防毒服装发展史话:下[J].轻兵器,2002(7):37.LI Xiaoyin.Development history of chemical protective clothing:II[J].Small Arms,2002(7):37.
[5]周红伟,高强,季涛.新型防毒服吸附层的结构开发及其防护性能研究[J].产业用纺织品,2009,27(8):12-15.ZHOU Hongwei,GAO Qiang,JI Tao.Developing the structure and studying the properties of new gas protective clothing[J].Technical Textiles,2009,27(8):12-15.
[6]BOOPATHI M,SINGH B,VIJAYARAGHAVAN R.Areview on NBC body protective clothing[J].Open Textile Journal,2008,1:1-8.
[7]周长年,郝新敏.生化防护服吸附材料[J].中国个体防护装备,2005(5):21-23.ZHOU Changnian,HAO Xinmin.Summarization of protective clothing against biological and chemical material[J].China Personal Protective Equipment,2005(5):21-23.
[8]孙景海,左浩.国外核化生战剂防护装备技术的发展[J].医疗卫生装备,2012,33(7):73-77.SUN Jinghai,ZUO Hao.NBC protective equipment&technology in foreign country[J].Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2012,33(7):73-77.
[9]张永刚,闫裴.透气防毒服用活性微球炭孔结构及其吸附性能[J].天津工业大学学报,2007,26(1):1-4.ZHANG Yonggang,YAN Pei.Pore structure and adsorption properties of pitch-based spherical activated carbon[J].Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University,2007,26(1):1-4.
[10]ROMERO-ANAYA A J,LILLO-RODENAS,M A,LINARES-SOLANO A.Activation of a spherical carbon for toluene adsorption at low concentration[J].Carbon,2014,77:616-626.
[11]刘其霞,周逸如,张倩,等.球形活性炭防毒服内层材料制备及其性能[J].纺织导报,2018(2):64-67.LIU Qixia,ZHOU Yiru,ZHANG Qian,et al.Preparation and properties of spherical activated carbon-based inner materials for chemical protective clothing[J].China Textile Leader,2018(2):64-67.
[12]唐万林,吕晖.活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中的应用[J].中国个体防护装备,2013(6):17-19.TANG Wanlin,LHui.The application of activated carbon fabrics in air-penetrable protective clothing[J].China Personal Protective Equipment,2013(6):17-19.
[13]赵晓明,刘宝成.透气式防毒服的发展现状及最新研究进展[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):3083-3089,3098.ZHAO Xiaoming,LIU Baocheng.Permeable protective suit:status quo and latest research progress[J].Materials Review,2018,32(17):3083-3089,3098.
[14]OH J Y,YOU Y W,PARK J,et al.Adsorption characteristics of benzene on resin-based activated carbon under humid conditions[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2019,71:242-249.
[15]BAEK M H,YOON J W,HONG J S,et al.Application of Ti O2-containing mesoporous spherical activated carbon in a fluidized bed photoreactor:adsorption and photocatalytic activity[J].Applied Catalysis A:General,2013,450(7):222-229.
[16]NJOKU V O,HAMEED B H.Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from corncob by chemical activation with H3PO4for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid adsorption[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,173(2):391-399.
[17]HAMEED B H,DIN A T M,AHMAD A L.Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon:kinetics and equilibrium studies[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(3):819-825.