三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫增韧改性研究进展
|
摘要
三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫是一种具有吸音、耐热、保温等性能的本征型阻燃泡沫,燃烧时火焰易自熄且不产生流滴,可用于建筑、农业、航空、交通运输和电子信息等领域,是一种发展前景良好的轻质材料。但是,由于柔性链段短、交联密度大,三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫脆性往往较大,限制了其实际应用。为此,从三聚氰胺甲醛树脂基体改性和泡沫结构调控2个方面综述了国内外关于三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫增韧改性的研究进展,分析了不同改性方法的原理及优缺点,并对增韧改性三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫的发展进行了展望,旨在为合成高性能的三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫提供有益的借鉴和指导。
Melamine foam(MF) is a kind of fire-retardant material with many excellent properties such as sound absorption, heat resistance and thermal insulation. When it is burned, it prefers to extinguish without drops. MF as lightweight and bright-future material can be applied in building, agriculture, aerospace, transportation, electronic information and so on. However, the brittleness of MF is often high because of short flexible chains and high cross-linking density, which limit its wide practical applications. Therefore, the development of toughness enhancement of MF from two approaches was reviewed. One is the modification of resin matrix including physical modification, the increase of flexible carbon chains and the closure of functional groups which can reduce the cross-linking density to improve the toughness of MF. The other is the control of foam structure focusing on keeping the balance between foaming and curing process to get fine cells of MF through the right selection of MF resins with proper physical properties, foaming ways, foaming processes, foaming promoters and some other modification methods. The principles, advantages and defects of different methods for the MF modification were elaborated and future trends of development in this field were prospected. This review will give a helpful guide for the designation and synthesis of high performance MF.
Melamine foam(MF) is a kind of fire-retardant material with many excellent properties such as sound absorption, heat resistance and thermal insulation. When it is burned, it prefers to extinguish without drops. MF as lightweight and bright-future material can be applied in building, agriculture, aerospace, transportation, electronic information and so on. However, the brittleness of MF is often high because of short flexible chains and high cross-linking density, which limit its wide practical applications. Therefore, the development of toughness enhancement of MF from two approaches was reviewed. One is the modification of resin matrix including physical modification, the increase of flexible carbon chains and the closure of functional groups which can reduce the cross-linking density to improve the toughness of MF. The other is the control of foam structure focusing on keeping the balance between foaming and curing process to get fine cells of MF through the right selection of MF resins with proper physical properties, foaming ways, foaming processes, foaming promoters and some other modification methods. The principles, advantages and defects of different methods for the MF modification were elaborated and future trends of development in this field were prospected. This review will give a helpful guide for the designation and synthesis of high performance MF.
引文
[1] Hou S K,Wang J M,Yu F Q.Study on melamine formaldehyde resin foam modification technique[J].Adv.Mater.Res.,2014,1033/1034:991-995.
[2] Pham V H,Dickerson J H.Superhydrophobic silanized melamine sponges as high efficiency oil absorbent materials[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2014,6:14181.
[3] Xu L,Yin D,Zhao H,et al.Carbon thin film wrapped on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon scaffold for superior performance supercapacitor[J].Chemistry,2017,23:9641-9646.
[4] Jaouen L,Renault A,Deverge M.Elastic and damping characterizations of acoustical porous materials:available experimental methods and applications to a melamine foam[J].Appl.Acoust.,2008,69:1129-1140.
[5] 何欢.三聚氰胺甲醛树脂改性及其发泡技术[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2013.He H.Modification of melamine formaldehyde resin and its foam technology[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science & Technology,2013.
[6] 杨中兴,齐鲁,狄海燕.三聚氰胺甲醛改性及其纤维的性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2008,24(1):147-150.Yang Z X,Qi L,Di H Y.Modified melamine formaldehyde resin and study on melamine fiber[J].Polymer Materials Science & Engineering,2008,24(1):147-150.
[7] 居法银,杭祖圣,曹晓苗,等.气相纳米SiO2改性三聚氰胺纤维性能研究[J].合成纤维工业,2010,33(6):11-14.Ju F Y,Hang Z S,Cao X M,et al.Properties of melamine fiber modified with gas-phase nano-SiO2[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2010,33(6):11-14.
[8] Xu W,Yu C,Zhao X,et al.Melamine formaldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber:Structures and properties controlled by reaction-induced phase separation[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2015,133(4):DOI:10.1002/app.42918.
[9] Jin F L,Feng L,Shi Q B,et al.Physico-mechanical and fire properties of polyurethane/melamine-formaldehyde interpenetrating polymer network foams[J].Macromol.Res.,2016,24:1-4.
[10] 王玉忠,杨君驰,曹志杰,等.用纤维材料改性的三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫及其制备方法:中国,103030924A[P].2012-12-11.
[11] 张汉力,刘新平,张峻炜,等.泡沫级THEIC改性蜜胺树脂的研究[J].河南化工,2011,7(1):36-38.Zhang H L,Liu X P,Zhang J W,et al.Study on foam level THEIC modified melamine resin[J].Henan Chemical Industry,2011,7(1):36-38.
[12] 包建军,卓坚锐,孙杨宣,等.高柔韧性的三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫材料及其制备方法:中国,101735555A[P].2009-12-22.
[13] 吴昆,罗富彬,吕满庚,等.一种自阻燃型改性三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫及其制备方法和应用:中国,104387608A[P].2014-11-28.
[14] 马天信.聚乙二醇对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的改性研究[J].粘接,1999(2):23-25.Ma T X.Study on melamine formaldehyde resin modified with polyethylene glycol[J].Adhesion in China,1999 (2):23-25.
[15] Wang D W,Zhang X X,Yang D N,et al.Study of preparation and properties of fire-retardant melamine formaldehyde resin foam[J].Adv.Mater.Res.,2012,510:634-638.
[16] 琚晓晖,齐鲁.有机硅改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的性能[J].纤维复合材料,2006,23(1):12-14.Ju X H,Qi L.Study on properties of melamine-formaldehyde resin modified with organosilicon[J].Fiber Composites,2006,23(1):12-14.
[17] Luo F,Wu K,Zhu H,et al.Intrinsically flame retarded foams based on melamine-formaldehyde condensates:thermal and mechanical properties[J].Polym.Int.,2017,66:779-786.
[18] 崔跃飞,宁平,陈志泉,等.低黏度高固分水性蜜胺树脂的合成研究[J].化学与粘合,1994(1):5-9.Cui Y F,Ning P,Chen Z Q,et al.Study of synthesis of water soluble melamine resin with low viscosity and high solid content[J].Chemistry and Adhesion,1994(1):5-9.
[19] Guenther E,Reuther W.Modified melamine-formaldehyde resins:US,5939515[P].1999-08-17.
[20] 李曼曼,杭祖圣,李勤华,等.聚乙二醇-三聚氰胺甲醛和聚乙烯醇半互穿网络的构建及表征[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2015,31(1):158-163.Li M M,Hang Z S,Li Q H,et al.Preparation and characterization of acetylated lignosulfonate[J].Polymer Materials Science & Engineering,2015,31(1):158-163.
[21] Zhang Y,Duan H,Wang X,et al.Preparation and properties of composites based on melamine-formaldehyde foam and nano-Fe3O4[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2013,130:2688-2697.
[22] 相益信.三聚氰胺甲醛树脂泡沫的研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2011.Xiang Y X.The research of melamine-formaldehyde foam[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science & Technology,2011.
[23] 张宇,王桐雨,马榴强,等.可发性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的合成研究[J].广州化工,2010,38(3):109-111.Zhang Y,Wu T Y,Ma L Q,et al.Study on synthesis of foaming melamine formaldehyde resin[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2010,38(3):109-111.
[24] 王东卫,张潇娴,罗嵩,等.密胺泡沫的制备改性及性能研究[J].功能材料,2012,43(24):3381-3385.Wang D W,Zhang X X,Luo S,et al.Study of preparation and modification and properties of melamine formaldehyde resin foam[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2012,43(24):3381-3385.
[25] 谢丹,徐强,王学军.微波辐射制备蜜胺泡沫塑料[J].合成树脂及塑料,2010,27(3):42-45.Xie D,Xu Q,Wang X J.Morphology and properties of PP/EPDM/nano-CaCO3 composite[J].China Synthetic Resin and Plastic,2010,27(3):42-45.
[26] 万翔,刘东立,郎美东.微波发泡制备三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料及其性能[J].功能高分子学报,2013,26(2):156-161.Wan X,Liu D L,Lang M D.Preparation and properties of melamine-formaldehyde foam by microwave foaming[J].Journal of Functional Polymers,2013,26(2):156-161.
[27] 孙瑞朋,金铁玲,王春鹏,等.发泡剂对三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料性能的影响[J].应用化工,2011,40(5):771-774.Sun R P,Jin T L,Wang C P,et al.Influence of blowing agent on the performance of melamine-formaldehyde foam[J].Applied Chemistry Industry,2011,40(5):771-777.
[28] 雷昆,孙云龙,徐衡,等.THIEC改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂泡沫的制备及其性能表征[J].功能高分子学报,2016,29(3):329-334.Lei K,Sun Y L,Xu H,et al.Preparation and performance characterization of tripolycyanamide formaldehyde resin foam modified by THEIC[J].Journal of Functional Polymers,2016,29(3):329-334.
[29] Wang D,Zhang X,Luo S,et al.Preparation and property analysis of melamine formaldehyde foam[J].Adv.Mater.Phys.Chem.,2013,2:63-67.
[30] Woerner F P,Neumann P,Mahnke H,et al.Preparation of resilient melamine foams:US,4666948A[P].1987-05-19.
[31] 段洪东,张玉森,孟霞,等.一种超低密度高韧性高弹性密胺泡沫的生产方法:中国,102585272A[P].2012-01-15.
[32] Imashiro Y,Hasegawa S,Matsumoto T,et al.Melamine resin foam with excellent oil repellency:US,6607817[P].2003-08-19.
[33] Steinke T H,Baumgartl H,Nessel P,et al.Method for producing elastic,compressed foams based on melamine/formaldehyde resins:WO,2011134778[P].2011-04-12.
[34] Kosaka Y,Hattori G,Suzuki H,et al.Melamine molded foam,process for producing the same,and wiper:US,6608118B2[P].2003-08-19.
[35] 金绪刚,杨明,欧召阳.三聚氰胺泡沫复合板材及制作方法:中国,1406745A[P].2001-08-22.
[36] Lei L,Dauchez N D,Chazot J D.Effect of a unidirectional compression on sound absorbing properties of porous materials[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2017,141:3888.
[2] Pham V H,Dickerson J H.Superhydrophobic silanized melamine sponges as high efficiency oil absorbent materials[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2014,6:14181.
[3] Xu L,Yin D,Zhao H,et al.Carbon thin film wrapped on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon scaffold for superior performance supercapacitor[J].Chemistry,2017,23:9641-9646.
[4] Jaouen L,Renault A,Deverge M.Elastic and damping characterizations of acoustical porous materials:available experimental methods and applications to a melamine foam[J].Appl.Acoust.,2008,69:1129-1140.
[5] 何欢.三聚氰胺甲醛树脂改性及其发泡技术[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2013.He H.Modification of melamine formaldehyde resin and its foam technology[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science & Technology,2013.
[6] 杨中兴,齐鲁,狄海燕.三聚氰胺甲醛改性及其纤维的性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2008,24(1):147-150.Yang Z X,Qi L,Di H Y.Modified melamine formaldehyde resin and study on melamine fiber[J].Polymer Materials Science & Engineering,2008,24(1):147-150.
[7] 居法银,杭祖圣,曹晓苗,等.气相纳米SiO2改性三聚氰胺纤维性能研究[J].合成纤维工业,2010,33(6):11-14.Ju F Y,Hang Z S,Cao X M,et al.Properties of melamine fiber modified with gas-phase nano-SiO2[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2010,33(6):11-14.
[8] Xu W,Yu C,Zhao X,et al.Melamine formaldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber:Structures and properties controlled by reaction-induced phase separation[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2015,133(4):DOI:10.1002/app.42918.
[9] Jin F L,Feng L,Shi Q B,et al.Physico-mechanical and fire properties of polyurethane/melamine-formaldehyde interpenetrating polymer network foams[J].Macromol.Res.,2016,24:1-4.
[10] 王玉忠,杨君驰,曹志杰,等.用纤维材料改性的三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫及其制备方法:中国,103030924A[P].2012-12-11.
[11] 张汉力,刘新平,张峻炜,等.泡沫级THEIC改性蜜胺树脂的研究[J].河南化工,2011,7(1):36-38.Zhang H L,Liu X P,Zhang J W,et al.Study on foam level THEIC modified melamine resin[J].Henan Chemical Industry,2011,7(1):36-38.
[12] 包建军,卓坚锐,孙杨宣,等.高柔韧性的三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫材料及其制备方法:中国,101735555A[P].2009-12-22.
[13] 吴昆,罗富彬,吕满庚,等.一种自阻燃型改性三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫及其制备方法和应用:中国,104387608A[P].2014-11-28.
[14] 马天信.聚乙二醇对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的改性研究[J].粘接,1999(2):23-25.Ma T X.Study on melamine formaldehyde resin modified with polyethylene glycol[J].Adhesion in China,1999 (2):23-25.
[15] Wang D W,Zhang X X,Yang D N,et al.Study of preparation and properties of fire-retardant melamine formaldehyde resin foam[J].Adv.Mater.Res.,2012,510:634-638.
[16] 琚晓晖,齐鲁.有机硅改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的性能[J].纤维复合材料,2006,23(1):12-14.Ju X H,Qi L.Study on properties of melamine-formaldehyde resin modified with organosilicon[J].Fiber Composites,2006,23(1):12-14.
[17] Luo F,Wu K,Zhu H,et al.Intrinsically flame retarded foams based on melamine-formaldehyde condensates:thermal and mechanical properties[J].Polym.Int.,2017,66:779-786.
[18] 崔跃飞,宁平,陈志泉,等.低黏度高固分水性蜜胺树脂的合成研究[J].化学与粘合,1994(1):5-9.Cui Y F,Ning P,Chen Z Q,et al.Study of synthesis of water soluble melamine resin with low viscosity and high solid content[J].Chemistry and Adhesion,1994(1):5-9.
[19] Guenther E,Reuther W.Modified melamine-formaldehyde resins:US,5939515[P].1999-08-17.
[20] 李曼曼,杭祖圣,李勤华,等.聚乙二醇-三聚氰胺甲醛和聚乙烯醇半互穿网络的构建及表征[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2015,31(1):158-163.Li M M,Hang Z S,Li Q H,et al.Preparation and characterization of acetylated lignosulfonate[J].Polymer Materials Science & Engineering,2015,31(1):158-163.
[21] Zhang Y,Duan H,Wang X,et al.Preparation and properties of composites based on melamine-formaldehyde foam and nano-Fe3O4[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2013,130:2688-2697.
[22] 相益信.三聚氰胺甲醛树脂泡沫的研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2011.Xiang Y X.The research of melamine-formaldehyde foam[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science & Technology,2011.
[23] 张宇,王桐雨,马榴强,等.可发性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的合成研究[J].广州化工,2010,38(3):109-111.Zhang Y,Wu T Y,Ma L Q,et al.Study on synthesis of foaming melamine formaldehyde resin[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2010,38(3):109-111.
[24] 王东卫,张潇娴,罗嵩,等.密胺泡沫的制备改性及性能研究[J].功能材料,2012,43(24):3381-3385.Wang D W,Zhang X X,Luo S,et al.Study of preparation and modification and properties of melamine formaldehyde resin foam[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2012,43(24):3381-3385.
[25] 谢丹,徐强,王学军.微波辐射制备蜜胺泡沫塑料[J].合成树脂及塑料,2010,27(3):42-45.Xie D,Xu Q,Wang X J.Morphology and properties of PP/EPDM/nano-CaCO3 composite[J].China Synthetic Resin and Plastic,2010,27(3):42-45.
[26] 万翔,刘东立,郎美东.微波发泡制备三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料及其性能[J].功能高分子学报,2013,26(2):156-161.Wan X,Liu D L,Lang M D.Preparation and properties of melamine-formaldehyde foam by microwave foaming[J].Journal of Functional Polymers,2013,26(2):156-161.
[27] 孙瑞朋,金铁玲,王春鹏,等.发泡剂对三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料性能的影响[J].应用化工,2011,40(5):771-774.Sun R P,Jin T L,Wang C P,et al.Influence of blowing agent on the performance of melamine-formaldehyde foam[J].Applied Chemistry Industry,2011,40(5):771-777.
[28] 雷昆,孙云龙,徐衡,等.THIEC改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂泡沫的制备及其性能表征[J].功能高分子学报,2016,29(3):329-334.Lei K,Sun Y L,Xu H,et al.Preparation and performance characterization of tripolycyanamide formaldehyde resin foam modified by THEIC[J].Journal of Functional Polymers,2016,29(3):329-334.
[29] Wang D,Zhang X,Luo S,et al.Preparation and property analysis of melamine formaldehyde foam[J].Adv.Mater.Phys.Chem.,2013,2:63-67.
[30] Woerner F P,Neumann P,Mahnke H,et al.Preparation of resilient melamine foams:US,4666948A[P].1987-05-19.
[31] 段洪东,张玉森,孟霞,等.一种超低密度高韧性高弹性密胺泡沫的生产方法:中国,102585272A[P].2012-01-15.
[32] Imashiro Y,Hasegawa S,Matsumoto T,et al.Melamine resin foam with excellent oil repellency:US,6607817[P].2003-08-19.
[33] Steinke T H,Baumgartl H,Nessel P,et al.Method for producing elastic,compressed foams based on melamine/formaldehyde resins:WO,2011134778[P].2011-04-12.
[34] Kosaka Y,Hattori G,Suzuki H,et al.Melamine molded foam,process for producing the same,and wiper:US,6608118B2[P].2003-08-19.
[35] 金绪刚,杨明,欧召阳.三聚氰胺泡沫复合板材及制作方法:中国,1406745A[P].2001-08-22.
[36] Lei L,Dauchez N D,Chazot J D.Effect of a unidirectional compression on sound absorbing properties of porous materials[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2017,141:3888.