不同栽植代数杉木林养分吸收、积累和利用效率的比较
|
摘要
利用第一代以及与第一代连栽的第二代杉木林的40多年定位连续测定的生物量和养分数据,分析了第一和第二代杉木林在养分吸收、积累、利用效率的差异。结果表明:同一生育阶段第二代杉木体内N、P、K、Ca、Mg浓度分别比第一代高2.85—3.48,0.16—0.25,1.86—2.72,2.10—2.50,0.77—1.31 g/kg;第一代7、20、25年生时的养分积累量分别比第二代多9.14%,2.01%,0.22%,而11、16年生时则分别比第二代少6.72%,3.44%,杉木连栽不一定导致第二代林乔木层养分积累减少;第一代1—7年生的年均吸收养分量比第二代多7.94%,8—11,12—16,17—18、21—25生分别比第二代少13.04%,2.52%,7.93%和14.58%;1—7,8—11,12—16,17—20,21—25年生时,每生产1 t干物质所需养分,第二代比第一代分别多1.28、3.19、4.28、4.09、4.09 kg;杉木连栽可导致第二代林的养分吸收量增多,养分利用效率降低。
The differences in nutrient absorption,accumulation,and utilization efficiency were analyzed at the first and the second rotations in Chinese fir( Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations using a 40 year database of biomass and nutrient levels from Huitong National Research Station of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,China. The results showed that the N,P,K,Ca,and Mg concentrations in the second rotation were 2.85—3. 48,0. 16—0. 25,1. 86—2. 72,2. 10—2. 50,and 0. 77—1. 31 g/kg higher than in the first rotation,respectively. The nutrient accumulation of the first generation was 9.14%,2.01% and 0.22% higher than that of the second generation at 7,20,and 25 years old,respectively,while that of was 6.72% and 3.44% lower than that of the second generation at 11 and16 years old,respectively. Chinese fir continuous planting does not necessarily lead to the second generation of forest tree layer nutrient accumulation decreased. Annual absorption of nutrients in the first rotations( 1—7 years old) was 9.14% higher than the second rotations at the same age. However,at the ages of 8 to 11,12 to 16,17 to 18,and 21 to 25,they were 13.04%,2.52%,7.93%,and 14.58% less than the second rotations,respectively. In the same age classes,the second rotations required1.28,3.19,4.28,4.09,and 4.09 kg more nutrients for each year class,respectively,to produce 1 ton of dry matter compared to the first rotations. These results indicate that successive rotations bring about an increase in nutrient uptake,and a decrease in nutrient use efficiency in the second rotations across the central south subtropical regions.
The differences in nutrient absorption,accumulation,and utilization efficiency were analyzed at the first and the second rotations in Chinese fir( Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations using a 40 year database of biomass and nutrient levels from Huitong National Research Station of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,China. The results showed that the N,P,K,Ca,and Mg concentrations in the second rotation were 2.85—3. 48,0. 16—0. 25,1. 86—2. 72,2. 10—2. 50,and 0. 77—1. 31 g/kg higher than in the first rotation,respectively. The nutrient accumulation of the first generation was 9.14%,2.01% and 0.22% higher than that of the second generation at 7,20,and 25 years old,respectively,while that of was 6.72% and 3.44% lower than that of the second generation at 11 and16 years old,respectively. Chinese fir continuous planting does not necessarily lead to the second generation of forest tree layer nutrient accumulation decreased. Annual absorption of nutrients in the first rotations( 1—7 years old) was 9.14% higher than the second rotations at the same age. However,at the ages of 8 to 11,12 to 16,17 to 18,and 21 to 25,they were 13.04%,2.52%,7.93%,and 14.58% less than the second rotations,respectively. In the same age classes,the second rotations required1.28,3.19,4.28,4.09,and 4.09 kg more nutrients for each year class,respectively,to produce 1 ton of dry matter compared to the first rotations. These results indicate that successive rotations bring about an increase in nutrient uptake,and a decrease in nutrient use efficiency in the second rotations across the central south subtropical regions.
引文
[1]Ebrmayer E.Die Qesamte Lehre der Woldsreu mit Rucksicht Aufdie Chemische Static des Woldbaues.Berlin:Julius Spriuger,1976:116-116.
[2]Cole D W,Gessel S P,Dice S F.Distribution and cycling of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in a second-growth Douglas-fir ecosystem.//Young H E,ed.In symposium on primary production and Mineral Cycling in Natural Ecosystem.New York:University of Maine Press,1967:197-232.
[3]Yu B.植物生态学译丛(第一集).北京:科学出版社,1974.
[4]Bormann F H,Likens G E.Pattern and Process in A Forested Ecosystem.New York:Springer-Verlag,1979.
[5]Tsutsumi T,Kawahara T,Shidei T.The circulation of nutrients in forest ecosystem(I):On the amount of nutrients contained in the above-ground parts of single tree and of stand.The Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society,1968,50(3):66-74.
[6]Bazilevich N I,Rodin L E.The biological cycle of nitrogen and ash elements in plant communities of the tropical and subtropical zones.Forestry Abstracts,1966,27(3):357-368.
[7]侯学煜,林厚萱,张慧龄.中国150种植物的化学成份及其分析方法.北京:高等教育出版社,1959.
[8]潘维俦,田大伦,雷志星,康文星.杉木人工林养分循环的研究——(二)丘陵区速生杉木林的养分含量、积累速率和生物循环.中南林学院学报,1983,(1):1-17.
[9]冯宗炜,陈楚莹,王开平,张家武,曾士余,赵吉录,邓仕坚.亚热带杉木纯林生态系统中营养元素的积累、分配和循环的研究.植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1985,9(4):245-256.
[10]庄志东,陈奇伯,赵洋毅,熊好琴.滇中高原磨盘山常绿阔叶林营养元素分配格局.东北林业大学学报,2016,44(3):26-32.
[11]刘顺,罗达,刘千里,张利,杨洪国,史作民.川西亚高山不同森林生态系统碳氮储量及其分配格局.生态学报,2017,37(4):1074-1083.
[12]何德镇.马占相思人工林生态系统养分积累与分配.防护林科技,2009,(2):32-34.
[13]赵春梅,曹建华,蒋菊生,李晓波,谢贵水.橡胶人工林生态系统养分积累、分配与生物循环.中国农学通报,2008,24(10):467-470.
[14]肖兴翠,李志辉,唐作钧,曾琴,王海风.林分密度对湿地松人工林养分循环速率和利用效率的影响.生态学杂志,2013,32(11):2871-2880.
[15]张希彪,上官周平.黄土丘陵区油松人工林与天然林养分分布和生物循环比较.生态学报,2006,26(2):373-382.
[16]林德喜,刘开汉,罗水发.尾叶桉营养元素动态和循环分析.应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(2):148-153.
[17]项文化,田大伦.不同年龄阶段马尾松人工林养分循环的研究.植物生态学报,2002,26(1):89-95.
[18]纪文婧,程小琴,韩海荣,康峰峰,杨杰,朱江,赵敬,白英辰,马俊勇.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林生物量及营养元素分布特征.应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(2):277-284.
[19]何斌,秦武明,余浩光,刘运华,覃林,覃永华.不同年龄阶段马占相思(Acacia mangium)人工林营养元素的生物循环.生态学报,2007,27(12):5158-5167.
[20]佟志龙,陈奇伯,王艳霞,熊好琴,吴晋霞.不同林龄云南松林营养元素积累与分配特征研究.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):100-106,114-114.
[21]Evans J.Long-Term Productivity of Forest Plantation-Status in 1990.Congress:IUFRO,1990:165-180.
[22]刘爱琴,范少辉,林开敏,马祥庆,盛炜彤.不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(2):273-278.
[23]马祥庆,刘爱琴,马壮,范少辉.不同代数杉木林养分积累和分布的比较研究.应用生态学报,2000,11(4):501-506.
[24]田大伦,沈燕,康文星,项文化,闫文德,邓湘雯.连栽第1和第2代杉木人工林养分循环的比较.生态学报,2011,31(17):5025-5032.
[25]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[26]杨玉盛,陈光水,郭剑芬,何宗明,陈银秀.杉木观光木混交林凋落物分解及养分释放的研究(英文).植物生态学报,2002,26(3):275-282.
[27]Xu D P,Yang Z J,Zhang N N.Effects of site management on tree growth and soil properties of a second-rotation plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla in Guangdong province,China//Nambiar EKS,Ranger J,Tiarks A,Toma T,eds.Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests.Japan:CIFOR,2004:45-60.
[28]Cossalter C,Pye-Smith C.Fast-Wood Forestry Myths and Realities.Bogor,Indonesia:Centre for international forestry research,2003:47-47.
[29]Powers R F.On the sustainable productivity of planted forests.New Forests,1999,17(1/3):263-306.
[2]Cole D W,Gessel S P,Dice S F.Distribution and cycling of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in a second-growth Douglas-fir ecosystem.//Young H E,ed.In symposium on primary production and Mineral Cycling in Natural Ecosystem.New York:University of Maine Press,1967:197-232.
[3]Yu B.植物生态学译丛(第一集).北京:科学出版社,1974.
[4]Bormann F H,Likens G E.Pattern and Process in A Forested Ecosystem.New York:Springer-Verlag,1979.
[5]Tsutsumi T,Kawahara T,Shidei T.The circulation of nutrients in forest ecosystem(I):On the amount of nutrients contained in the above-ground parts of single tree and of stand.The Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society,1968,50(3):66-74.
[6]Bazilevich N I,Rodin L E.The biological cycle of nitrogen and ash elements in plant communities of the tropical and subtropical zones.Forestry Abstracts,1966,27(3):357-368.
[7]侯学煜,林厚萱,张慧龄.中国150种植物的化学成份及其分析方法.北京:高等教育出版社,1959.
[8]潘维俦,田大伦,雷志星,康文星.杉木人工林养分循环的研究——(二)丘陵区速生杉木林的养分含量、积累速率和生物循环.中南林学院学报,1983,(1):1-17.
[9]冯宗炜,陈楚莹,王开平,张家武,曾士余,赵吉录,邓仕坚.亚热带杉木纯林生态系统中营养元素的积累、分配和循环的研究.植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1985,9(4):245-256.
[10]庄志东,陈奇伯,赵洋毅,熊好琴.滇中高原磨盘山常绿阔叶林营养元素分配格局.东北林业大学学报,2016,44(3):26-32.
[11]刘顺,罗达,刘千里,张利,杨洪国,史作民.川西亚高山不同森林生态系统碳氮储量及其分配格局.生态学报,2017,37(4):1074-1083.
[12]何德镇.马占相思人工林生态系统养分积累与分配.防护林科技,2009,(2):32-34.
[13]赵春梅,曹建华,蒋菊生,李晓波,谢贵水.橡胶人工林生态系统养分积累、分配与生物循环.中国农学通报,2008,24(10):467-470.
[14]肖兴翠,李志辉,唐作钧,曾琴,王海风.林分密度对湿地松人工林养分循环速率和利用效率的影响.生态学杂志,2013,32(11):2871-2880.
[15]张希彪,上官周平.黄土丘陵区油松人工林与天然林养分分布和生物循环比较.生态学报,2006,26(2):373-382.
[16]林德喜,刘开汉,罗水发.尾叶桉营养元素动态和循环分析.应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(2):148-153.
[17]项文化,田大伦.不同年龄阶段马尾松人工林养分循环的研究.植物生态学报,2002,26(1):89-95.
[18]纪文婧,程小琴,韩海荣,康峰峰,杨杰,朱江,赵敬,白英辰,马俊勇.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林生物量及营养元素分布特征.应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(2):277-284.
[19]何斌,秦武明,余浩光,刘运华,覃林,覃永华.不同年龄阶段马占相思(Acacia mangium)人工林营养元素的生物循环.生态学报,2007,27(12):5158-5167.
[20]佟志龙,陈奇伯,王艳霞,熊好琴,吴晋霞.不同林龄云南松林营养元素积累与分配特征研究.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):100-106,114-114.
[21]Evans J.Long-Term Productivity of Forest Plantation-Status in 1990.Congress:IUFRO,1990:165-180.
[22]刘爱琴,范少辉,林开敏,马祥庆,盛炜彤.不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(2):273-278.
[23]马祥庆,刘爱琴,马壮,范少辉.不同代数杉木林养分积累和分布的比较研究.应用生态学报,2000,11(4):501-506.
[24]田大伦,沈燕,康文星,项文化,闫文德,邓湘雯.连栽第1和第2代杉木人工林养分循环的比较.生态学报,2011,31(17):5025-5032.
[25]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[26]杨玉盛,陈光水,郭剑芬,何宗明,陈银秀.杉木观光木混交林凋落物分解及养分释放的研究(英文).植物生态学报,2002,26(3):275-282.
[27]Xu D P,Yang Z J,Zhang N N.Effects of site management on tree growth and soil properties of a second-rotation plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla in Guangdong province,China//Nambiar EKS,Ranger J,Tiarks A,Toma T,eds.Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests.Japan:CIFOR,2004:45-60.
[28]Cossalter C,Pye-Smith C.Fast-Wood Forestry Myths and Realities.Bogor,Indonesia:Centre for international forestry research,2003:47-47.
[29]Powers R F.On the sustainable productivity of planted forests.New Forests,1999,17(1/3):263-306.