中国不同牛种DGAT1基因遗传多样性及经济性状关联分析研究进展
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摘要
乙酰辅酯A∶二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT1)是甘油三脂合成过程中唯一的关键酶,对动物机体脂肪代谢、沉积起重要作用,已成为研究奶牛泌乳性状和肉牛主要经济性状的重要候选基因之一。近年来,随着相关研究的不断深入,研究者普遍认为DGAT1基因对奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳脂肪酸及空怀天数、输精次数、初配年龄等繁殖性状均有显著影响,且与肉牛体脂也存在相关性。作者主要介绍了DGAT1基因的遗传多态性及其与经济性状关联分析在中国各地区不同品种奶牛、肉牛、水牛和牦牛上的研究进展,指出该基因对奶牛的产奶性能及肉牛的肉质性状、生长性状具有重要的调控作用。但由于环境条件、品种及选育背景等因素影响,DGAT1基因遗传多态性对不同地区不同牛群体的经济性状影响不尽相同。因此,要将DGAT1基因实际应用在品种选育工作中还需明确该基因对研究群体的具体遗传效应,并结合其他候选基因进行综合分析。
DGAT1 is the only key enzyme in the synthesis of triglyceride,which plays an important role in animal fat metabolism and lipid deposition in tissues.Therefore,DGAT1 gene,which coded DGAT1,has become to one of the most important candidate genes for studing lactating traits in dairy cows and economic traits in beef cattle.In recent years,with the deepening of relevant research,researchers generally believe that DGAT1 gene has a significant effect on milk yields,milk fat percentage,milk protein rate,lactose rate,milk fatty acid and fertility traits such as average barren days,number of sperm and the age at first calving.The correlation between DGAT1 gene and body fat of beef cattle has also been proved.Therefore,the polymorphisms of DGAT1 gene in different cattle breeds and populations and its association with economic traits has been studied.This paper mainly reviews the genetic polymorphisms of DGAT1 gene and its association with economic traits of dairy cows,beef cattle,buffalo and yak in various regions of China.It has been proved that DGAT1 gene has an important regulatory effect on the lactating traits of dairy cows and the meat quality and growth traits of beef cattle.However,the effects of DGAT1 gene genetic polymorphism was different in different regions and populations due to environmental conditions,breeds and breeding background.Therefore,in order to apply the DGAT1 gene to the breeding,it is necessary to clarify the specific genetic effects of the gene on the research population and make a comprehensive analysis with other candidate genes.
DGAT1 is the only key enzyme in the synthesis of triglyceride,which plays an important role in animal fat metabolism and lipid deposition in tissues.Therefore,DGAT1 gene,which coded DGAT1,has become to one of the most important candidate genes for studing lactating traits in dairy cows and economic traits in beef cattle.In recent years,with the deepening of relevant research,researchers generally believe that DGAT1 gene has a significant effect on milk yields,milk fat percentage,milk protein rate,lactose rate,milk fatty acid and fertility traits such as average barren days,number of sperm and the age at first calving.The correlation between DGAT1 gene and body fat of beef cattle has also been proved.Therefore,the polymorphisms of DGAT1 gene in different cattle breeds and populations and its association with economic traits has been studied.This paper mainly reviews the genetic polymorphisms of DGAT1 gene and its association with economic traits of dairy cows,beef cattle,buffalo and yak in various regions of China.It has been proved that DGAT1 gene has an important regulatory effect on the lactating traits of dairy cows and the meat quality and growth traits of beef cattle.However,the effects of DGAT1 gene genetic polymorphism was different in different regions and populations due to environmental conditions,breeds and breeding background.Therefore,in order to apply the DGAT1 gene to the breeding,it is necessary to clarify the specific genetic effects of the gene on the research population and make a comprehensive analysis with other candidate genes.
引文
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[2]CASES S,SMITH S J,ZHENG Y W,et al.Identification of a gene encoding an acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol acyltransferase,a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1998,95(22):13018-13023.
[3]AND R M B,COLEMAN R A.Enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis in eukaryotes[J].Annual Review of Biochemistry,1980,49(49):459-487.
[4]COLEMAN R,BELL R M.Triacylglycerol synthesis in isolated fat cells.Studies on the microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity using ethanol-dispersed diacylglycerols[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1976,251(15):4537-4543.
[5]SWANTON E M,SAGGERSON E D.Glycerolipid metabolizing enzymes in rat ventricle and in cardiac myocytes[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Lipids and Lipid Metabolism,1997,1346(1):93-102.
[6]HOMA S T,RACOWSKY C,MCGAUGHEY R W.Lipid analysis of immature pig oocytes[J].Journal of Reprod Fertil,1986,7(2):425-434.
[7]WINTER A,KRMER W,WERNER F A,et al.Association of a lysine-232/alanine polymorphism in a bovine gene encoding acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase(DGAT1)with variation at a quantitative trait locus for milk fat content[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99(14):9300-9305.
[8]GRISTART B,COPPIETERS W,FARNIR F,et al.Positional candidate cloning of a QTL in dairy cattle:Identification of a missense mutation in the bovine DGAT1gene with major effect on milk yield and composition[J].Genome Research,2002,12(2):222-231.
[9]GRISART B,FARNIR F,KARIM L,et al.Genetic and functional confirmation of the causality of the DGAT1K232Aquantitative trait nucleotide in affecting milk yield and composition[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(8):2398-2403.
[10]SPELMAN R J,FORD C A,MCELHINNEY P,et al.Characterization of the DGAT1gene in the New Zealand dairy population[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(12):3514-3517.
[11]THALLER G,KRMER W,WINTER A,et al.Effects of DGAT1variants on milk production traits in German cattle breeds[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(8):1911-1918.
[12]WELLER J I,GOLIK M,SEROUSSI E,et al.Population-wide analysis of a QTL affecting milk-fat production in the Israeli Holstein population[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2219-2227.
[13]MAXA J,NEUDITSCHKO M,RUSS I,et al.Genome-wide association mapping of milk production traits in Braunvieh cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(9):5357-5364.
[14]NAYERI S,SARGOLZAEI M,ABOISMAIL M K,et al.Genome-wide association for milk production and female fertility traits in Canadian dairy Holstein cattle[J].BMC Genetics,2016,17(1):75.
[15]BOVENHUIS H,VISKER M H,VAN VALEN-BERG H J,et al.Effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on test-day milk production traits throughout lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(9):6572-6582.
[16]BARTONˇL,BURED,KOTT T,et al.Associations of polymorphisms in bovine DGAT1,FABP4,FASN,and PPARGC1Agenes with intramuscular fat content and the fatty acid composition of muscle and subcutaneous fat in Fleckvieh bulls[J].Meat Science,2016,114:18-23.
[17]BOVENHUIS H,VISKER M H,POULSEN N A,et al.Effects of the diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1(DGAT1)K232A polymorphism on fatty acid,protein,and mineral composition of dairy cattle milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(4):3113-3123.
[18]VANBERGUE E,PEYRAUD J L,GUINARD-FLA-MENT J,et al.Effects of DGAT1 K232A polymorphism and milking frequency on milk composition and spontaneous lipolysis in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5739-5749.
[19]HILL R,CANAL A,BONDIOLI K,et al.Molecular markers located on the DGAT1,CAST,and LEPRgenes and their associations with milk production and fertility traits in Holstein cattle[J].Genetics&Molecular Research Gmr,2016,15(1):15017794.
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