柴东石炭系天然沥青特征及形成的主控因素
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摘要
前人在柴达木盆地东部石炭系地层中发现了大量的天然沥青出露,并证实柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩有过生烃过程。因此,深入开展该地区天然沥青特征和形成模式分析,对该地区下一步的油气勘探有着重要的指导意义。文中采用物理和地球化学实验的方法,研究了石炭系天然沥青物理特征和地球化学特征;分析了石炭系天然沥青物理特征和地球化学特征,并总结出石炭系沥青遭受了轻微的生物降解和氧化作用的蚀变特性;通过对沥青形成的地质背景及构造活动的分析和研究,探究了德令哈坳陷沥青的形成模式,发现该区石炭系、侏罗系广泛分布的烃源岩是沥青形成的物质基础;局部的优质储层,为有利的油气储集空间;不整合面和断裂体系非常发育,不仅对该区油气的运移起着控制作用,也是油气藏破坏而暴露地表形成沥青的重要因素;这三个主控因素对该区天然沥青的形成起着决定性的作用
Carboniferous bitumen outcrops were widely exposed in Eastern Qaidam Basin,and previous studies have confirmed that Carboniferous source rocks have undergone a hydrocarbon generation process.So an in-depth study of bitumen characteristics and reservoir-forming model is important to guiding the petroleum exploration in this area.The paper studied the physics and geochemistry of the bitumen in this area by using the geographical method and the experimental geochemical method,which reveals that the bitumen underwent less extent of biodegradation and oxidation.In addition,the reservoir-forming model of bitumen is discussed by studying geological settings and structure movement.The widely distributed Carboniferous and Jurassic source rocks are the material basis of the formation of Carboniferous bitumen,and partial favorable reservoirs provide effective reservoir space.Unconformity surfaces and faults system are wide-ranging in this area which not only control the oil and gas migration,but also provide an evidence for the structure destruction of oil reservoir.The three master factors above are crucial impacts on bitumen forming in this area.
Carboniferous bitumen outcrops were widely exposed in Eastern Qaidam Basin,and previous studies have confirmed that Carboniferous source rocks have undergone a hydrocarbon generation process.So an in-depth study of bitumen characteristics and reservoir-forming model is important to guiding the petroleum exploration in this area.The paper studied the physics and geochemistry of the bitumen in this area by using the geographical method and the experimental geochemical method,which reveals that the bitumen underwent less extent of biodegradation and oxidation.In addition,the reservoir-forming model of bitumen is discussed by studying geological settings and structure movement.The widely distributed Carboniferous and Jurassic source rocks are the material basis of the formation of Carboniferous bitumen,and partial favorable reservoirs provide effective reservoir space.Unconformity surfaces and faults system are wide-ranging in this area which not only control the oil and gas migration,but also provide an evidence for the structure destruction of oil reservoir.The three master factors above are crucial impacts on bitumen forming in this area.
引文
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[15]Hepler L G,Hsi C A.油砂、沥青、重质油技术手册[M].梁文杰,译.东营:石油大学出版社,1992:1-12,34-35.
[16]Guo S H,Qian J L.Analysis and physicochemical characterization of Chinese oil sand bitumens[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,1998,12(2):21-25.
[17]高志农,许东华.青海油砂矿的物理化学特性[J].分析测试学报,2002,21(6):1-4.
[18]孙大权,廖克俭.闫峰辽河超稠原油加工方案的初步研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2000,11(5):56-61.
[19]吕春胜.辽河油田特稠油加工方案的研究[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,11(1):5-8.
[20]高志农,许东华.青海油砂矿的物理化学特性[J].分析测试学报,2002,21(6):25-28.
[21]Connan J.Biodegradation of crude oils in reservoirs[M]∥Brooks J,Weite D H.Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry.Vol 1.London:Academic Press,1984:299-351.
[22]Peters K E,Moldowan J M.The Biomarkers Guide Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments[M].New York:Prentice Hall,1995:178-187.
[23]周海平,周树青,初振淼,等.生物降解作用对原油中烷基菲分布的影响[J].现代地质,2005,19(3):416-424.
[2]管志强,夏斌,吕宝凤.柴达木盆地三湖地区生物气成藏基本要素及其配置性[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):165-170.
[3]管志强,徐子远,周瑞年,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气的成藏条件及控制因素[J].天然气工业,2001,21(6):1-5.
[4]魏国齐,刘德来,张英,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气形成机理及分布规律与勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):84-89.
[5]党玉琪,张道伟,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):110-118.
[6]党玉琪,侯泽生,李本亮,等.柴达木盆地生物气成藏条件[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):374-378.
[7]姜桂凤,孔红喜,侯泽,等.柴达木盆地生物气资源潜力评价[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(4):363-366.
[8]徐子远,谢丽,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气的勘探历程与储量现状[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(4):437-400.
[9]刘成林,马寅生,周刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):925-931.
[10]李会军,鄢犀利,郭娟,等.柴达木盆地源自石炭系油气显示特征及其意义[J].断块油气田,2011,18(1):14-17.
[11]甘贵元,尹成明,潘洪峰,等.柴达木盆地古生界油苗的发现及地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(6):693-695.
[12]徐耀辉,康玉柱,文志刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系液体油苗的发现及地质意义[C]∥第十四届全国有机地球化学学术会议论文集.广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2014:100-105.
[13]汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):36-39.
[14]Chilingarian G V,Yen T F.沥青、地沥青和沥青砂[M].俞经方,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1988:1-59.
[15]Hepler L G,Hsi C A.油砂、沥青、重质油技术手册[M].梁文杰,译.东营:石油大学出版社,1992:1-12,34-35.
[16]Guo S H,Qian J L.Analysis and physicochemical characterization of Chinese oil sand bitumens[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,1998,12(2):21-25.
[17]高志农,许东华.青海油砂矿的物理化学特性[J].分析测试学报,2002,21(6):1-4.
[18]孙大权,廖克俭.闫峰辽河超稠原油加工方案的初步研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2000,11(5):56-61.
[19]吕春胜.辽河油田特稠油加工方案的研究[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,11(1):5-8.
[20]高志农,许东华.青海油砂矿的物理化学特性[J].分析测试学报,2002,21(6):25-28.
[21]Connan J.Biodegradation of crude oils in reservoirs[M]∥Brooks J,Weite D H.Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry.Vol 1.London:Academic Press,1984:299-351.
[22]Peters K E,Moldowan J M.The Biomarkers Guide Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments[M].New York:Prentice Hall,1995:178-187.
[23]周海平,周树青,初振淼,等.生物降解作用对原油中烷基菲分布的影响[J].现代地质,2005,19(3):416-424.