济阳坳陷三合村洼陷浅层天然气成因分析
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摘要
厘清济阳坳陷三合村洼陷浅层天然气成因.通过采集浅层天然气及伴生原油样品,在进行天然气组分、碳、氢同位素组成以及伴生原油饱和烃色谱分析的基础上对浅层天然气的成因进行了研究,认为三合村洼陷浅层天然气主要来自微生物对原油的降解,属于典型的次生生物气,微生物还原二氧化碳生成甲烷是次生生物甲烷的主要生成途径.研究结果表明:天然气组分以甲烷为主,干燥系数大(C_/C_1~+>0.931);甲烷碳同位素比值变化大(-50.03‰<δ~(13)C_1<-39.03‰),并与甲烷氢同位素比值呈负相关关系;重烃组分含量低且碳同位素比值普遍较大(-33.62‰<δ~(13)C_2<-19.72‰,-29.27‰<δ~(13)C_3<-7.64‰,-26.28‰<δ~(13)n-C_4<-15.63‰);二氧化碳碳同位素比值表现为异常的正值(2.82‰<δ~(13)CCO_2<17.69‰).微生物对湿气组分的选择性降解以及次生生物甲烷的生成是导致济阳坳陷三合村洼陷天然气组分、同位素组成复杂特征的主要原因.浅层天然气成因的确定对后续勘探浅层气藏附近的降解型稠油油藏具有重要的指示意义.
Based on comprehensive analysis of the natural gas component,carbon and hydrogen isotope composition of the natural gas and associated oil saturated hydrocarbon chromatography of oil samples collected in Sanhecun sag,Jiyang depression,the geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow gas were studied.It is considered that the shallow gas in Sanhecun sag is typical secondary microbial gas.It is the mixture of newly generated secondary biogenic gas from biodegradation of thermal oil/gas and residual thermal gas.It seems that CO_2 reduction with hydrogen dominates the methanogenic process.The results show that the natural gas is basically methane with relatively high dryness(C_1/C_1~+>0.931).Carbon isotope value of methane shows a wide variation(δ~(13)C_1from-50.03‰to-39.03‰)and decreases with the increase of the hydrogen isotope value.There is a low content of heavy hydrocarbon and the carbon isotope values are generally higher(δ~(13)C_2from-33.62‰to-19.72‰,δ~(13)C_3from-29.27‰to-7.64‰,δ~(13)n-C_4from-26.28‰to-15.63‰).Carbon isotope value of CO_2 is abnormally positive(δ~(13)C_CO2from 2.82‰to 17.69‰).The complicated characteristics of gas component and isotope composition of shallow gases can be explained by various sequential biodegradation,carbon dioxide reduction and mixing process.The secondary microbial gas has a very important implication for biodegraded heavy oil and thus the undiscovered heavy oil under the discovered shallow gas will be the target in the future exploration.
Based on comprehensive analysis of the natural gas component,carbon and hydrogen isotope composition of the natural gas and associated oil saturated hydrocarbon chromatography of oil samples collected in Sanhecun sag,Jiyang depression,the geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow gas were studied.It is considered that the shallow gas in Sanhecun sag is typical secondary microbial gas.It is the mixture of newly generated secondary biogenic gas from biodegradation of thermal oil/gas and residual thermal gas.It seems that CO_2 reduction with hydrogen dominates the methanogenic process.The results show that the natural gas is basically methane with relatively high dryness(C_1/C_1~+>0.931).Carbon isotope value of methane shows a wide variation(δ~(13)C_1from-50.03‰to-39.03‰)and decreases with the increase of the hydrogen isotope value.There is a low content of heavy hydrocarbon and the carbon isotope values are generally higher(δ~(13)C_2from-33.62‰to-19.72‰,δ~(13)C_3from-29.27‰to-7.64‰,δ~(13)n-C_4from-26.28‰to-15.63‰).Carbon isotope value of CO_2 is abnormally positive(δ~(13)C_CO2from 2.82‰to 17.69‰).The complicated characteristics of gas component and isotope composition of shallow gases can be explained by various sequential biodegradation,carbon dioxide reduction and mixing process.The secondary microbial gas has a very important implication for biodegraded heavy oil and thus the undiscovered heavy oil under the discovered shallow gas will be the target in the future exploration.
引文
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[2]郑舰.胜利油区三合村浅层气藏合理产能和射开程度研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(3):51-53.ZHENG Jian.Study on rational productivity and perforating degree in Sanhecun shallow gas reservoir of Shengli petroliferous provience[J].Petroleum Geology and Reservoir Efficiency,2015,12(3):51-53.
[3]罗霞,王延斌,李剑,等.济阳坳陷深层天然气成因判识[J].天然气工业,2008,28(9):13-16.LUO Xia,WANG Yanbin,LI Jian,et al.Origin of gas in deep Jiyang depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(9):13-16.
[4]张阳,回宇婷,邱隆伟,等.双断湖盆沉积特征及其控制因素研究:以孤北洼陷沙四上亚段为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(5):868-876.ZHANG Yang,HUI Yuting,QIU Longwei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and its controlling factors of double-fault lacustrine basin:a case study of the upper 4th member of Shahejie formation in Gubei depression[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(5):868-876.
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[6]裴立新,刚文哲,黄志龙,等.南堡凹陷天然气赋存状态与碳同位素组成特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(5):861-867.PEI Lixin,GANG Wenzhe,HUANG Zhilong,et al.Occurrences and carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas in Nanpu sag[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(5):861-867.
[7]管志强,徐子远,周瑞年,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气的成藏条件及控制因素[J].天然气工业,2001,21(6):1-5.GUAN Zhiqiang,XU Ziyuan,ZHOU Ruinian,et al.The essential conditions and controlling factors of formation of Quaternary biogenic gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(6):1-5.
[8]孙浩,张敏,李素梅.松辽盆地南部浅层天然气地球化学特征及其成因分析[J].现代地质,2013,27(5):1173-1179.SUN Hao,ZHANG Min,LI Sumei.Geochemical characteristics and genetic analysis of shallow-buried natural gas in south Songliao basin[J].Geoscience,2013,27(5):1173-1179.
[9]路俊刚,王力,陈世加,等.准噶尔盆地三台油气田原油菌解气特征及成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):425-433.LU Jungang,WANG Li,CHEN Shijia,et al.Features and origin of oil degraded gas of Santai field in Junggar basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development.2015,42(4):425-433.
[10]王政军,朱光有,王政国,等.原油降解气的形成条件及其特征[J].天然气工业,2008,28(11):29-33.WANG Zhengjun,ZHU Guanyou,WANG Zhengguo,et al.Characteristics of oil-biodegradation gas and their discrimination index system[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(11):29-33.
[11]朱光有,张水昌,赵文智,等.中国稠油区浅层天然气地球化学特征与成因机制[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2007,37(2):80-88.ZHU Guangyou,ZHANG Shuichang,ZHAO Wenzhi,et al.Formation mechanism and geochemical characteristics of shallow natural gas in heavy oil provience,China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2007,37(2):80-88.
[12]李赞豪.具有广阔勘探前景的一种新型浅层天然气:油层,煤层厌氧菌解再生生物气[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(3):220-229.LI Zanhao.A new type of shallow natural gas with broad exploration-the regenerated biogenic gas from oil reservoir and coal seams by degradation of anaerobic bacteria[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1994,16(3);220-229.
[13]ZHANG S,HUANG H,FENG Z,et al.Geochemical characterization of secondary microbial gas occurrence in the Songliao basin,NE China[J].Organic Geochemistry,2011,42(7):781-790.
[14]KATZ B J,NARIMANOV A,HUSEINZADEH R.Significance of microbial processes in gases of the south Caspian basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19(6):783-796.
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[16]彭威龙,胡国艺,黄士鹏,等.天然气地球化学特征及成因分析:以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜气田为例[J/OL].中国矿业大学学报,2017(01).[2016-07-28].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1152.td.20160708.1546.002.html.PENG Weilong,HU Guoyi,HUANG Shipeng,et al.Natural gas geochemical characteristics and genetic analysis:a case study of Dongsheng gas field in Ordosbasin of China[J/OL].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017(01).[2016-07-28].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1152.td.20160708.1546.002.html.
[17]韩文学,陶士振,胡国艺,等.塔西南坳陷山前带天然气地球化学特征和成因[J/OL].中国矿业大学学报,2017(01).[2016-08-20].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1152.td.20160810.1124.002.html.HAN Wenxue,TAO Shizhen,HU Guoyi,et al.Geochemical characteristics of natural gas and its genesis in piedmont zone of southwest Tarim basin[J/OL].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017(01).[2016-08-20].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1152.td.20160810.1124.002.html.
[18]柳波,贾梦成,吕延防,等.南堡凹陷不同相态天然气成因联系及勘探意义[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):87-95.LIU Bo,JIA Mengcheng,LYU Yanfang,et al.Genesis concentrations among different phase states of natural gas in Nanpu sag and their exploration significance[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):87-95.
[19]苗忠英,陈践发,郭建军,等.塔里木盆地天然气中丁烷的地球化学特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(4):592-597.MIAO Zhongying,CHEN Jianfa,GUO Jianjun,et al.Geochemical characteristics of butane gas in Tarimbasin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(4):592-597.
[20]王秀红,张守春,李政,等.沾化凹陷三合村地区油气来源及运移方向[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(1):47-51.WANG Xiuhong,ZHANG Shouchun,LI Zheng,et al.Study on hydrocarbon sources and migration pathways in Sanhecun area of Zhanhua sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Reservoir Efficiency,2015,22(1):47-51.
[21]方旭庆.济阳坳陷三合村洼陷油气运移与聚集规律[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(3):36-40.FANG Xuqing.Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation patterns in Sanhecun sag of Jiyang depression[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition).2015,30(3):36-40.
[22]CONNAN J.Biodegradation of Crude Oils in reservoirs[C]//BROOKS J,WELTE D H.Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry I.London:Academic Press,1984:299-335.
[23]WENGER L M,DAVIS C L,ISAKSEN G H.Multiple controls on petroleum biodegradation and impact on oil quality[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering,2002,5:375-383.
[24]PETERS K E,WALTERS C C,MOLDOWAN J M.The Biomarker Guide:Volume 2,Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Systems and Earth History[M]:2nd Edition.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:475-625.
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