泥质烃源岩的有效排油门限及页岩油地质意义
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摘要
通过地质条件约束下不同类型、不同有机碳含量未熟—低熟烃源岩的生排烃物理模拟实验,结合排烃门限理论,建立一种有效排烃门限的确定方法,确定泥质烃源岩的有效排油门限值,并对其在页岩油勘探的地质意义进行探讨。研究表明:烃源岩发生有效排油的最低生油量门限值为5~8 mg/g(油/岩石),且有效排油门限值受控于有机质类型、丰度和演化程度三者之间的匹配;原始有机质含量小于1.5%的Ⅰ型烃源岩、小于2.0%的Ⅱ1型烃源岩和小于2.5%的Ⅱ2型烃源岩在整个生油阶段都达不到有效排油门限,生成的油滞留在烃源岩层系内,成为页岩油勘探的有利目标,由于其演化程度低、油品差,开采前景较差,原位加热转化开采技术可能是开发这部分页岩油资源的一种有利手段;页岩油的勘探开发当前要定位于已发生过有效排油、镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.0%~1.3%的烃源岩层系,由于成熟度的提高,滞留油气中含有较多的轻质油和天然气,气油比高,流动性较好,开采前景乐观。
A method of determining the effective hydrocarbon expulsion threshold was carried out by a series of simulation experiments on immature-low mature source rocks of different types and organic carbon content,and the geological significance to shale oil exploration were discussed.The results show that the minimum oil production is 5-8 mg/g(oil/rock) when the effective oil expulsion occurrs.Effective hydrocarbon expulsion threshold is controlled by the match of type,abundance and evolution of organic matter.Source rocks with original organic matter content less than 1.5% of type I,2.0% of type Ⅱ1,2.5% of typeⅡ2,respectively,can not reach the effective oil expulsion threshold in the whole oil generation stage.The remaining oil in the source rock strata would be as a favorable target for shale oil exploration.The poor exploitation prospect is due to the low degree of evolution and low quality,so the in-situ heating conversion mining technology could be a good way to develop this part of shale oil resources.The exploration and development of shale oil should focus on source rock strata where effective oil expulsion has occurred and evolution degree(Ro) is between 1.0%-1.3%.In these locations,there are more light oil and natural gas in detained hydrocarbon,and the high gas oil ratio and good fluidity imply optimistic mining prospect.
A method of determining the effective hydrocarbon expulsion threshold was carried out by a series of simulation experiments on immature-low mature source rocks of different types and organic carbon content,and the geological significance to shale oil exploration were discussed.The results show that the minimum oil production is 5-8 mg/g(oil/rock) when the effective oil expulsion occurrs.Effective hydrocarbon expulsion threshold is controlled by the match of type,abundance and evolution of organic matter.Source rocks with original organic matter content less than 1.5% of type I,2.0% of type Ⅱ1,2.5% of typeⅡ2,respectively,can not reach the effective oil expulsion threshold in the whole oil generation stage.The remaining oil in the source rock strata would be as a favorable target for shale oil exploration.The poor exploitation prospect is due to the low degree of evolution and low quality,so the in-situ heating conversion mining technology could be a good way to develop this part of shale oil resources.The exploration and development of shale oil should focus on source rock strata where effective oil expulsion has occurred and evolution degree(Ro) is between 1.0%-1.3%.In these locations,there are more light oil and natural gas in detained hydrocarbon,and the high gas oil ratio and good fluidity imply optimistic mining prospect.
引文
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[4]高岗,柳广弟,付金华,等.确定有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限的一种新方法:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统延长组湖相泥质烃源岩为例[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,27(2):22-26.GAO Gang,LIU Guangdi,FU Jinhua,et al.A new method for determining the lower limits of the organic matter abundance parameters of effective source rock:taking the Triassic dark mudstones of Yanchang Formation in Longdongregion,Ordos Basin as an example[J].Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2012,27(2):22-26.
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[6]庞雄奇,李素梅,金之钧,等.排烃门限存在的地质地球化学证据及其应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(4):384-390.PANG Xiongqi,LI Sumei,JIN Zhijun,et al.Geochemical evidences of hydrocarbon expulsion threshold and its application[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(4):384-390.
[7]姜振学,庞雄奇,金之钧,等.门限控烃作用及其在有效烃源岩判别研究中的应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):689-695.JIANG Zhenxue,PANG Xiongqi,JIN Zhijun,et al.Threshold control over hydrocarbons and its application in distinguishing valid source rock[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(6):689-695.
[8]陈建平,孙永革,钟宁宁,等.地质条件下湖相烃源岩生排烃效率与模式[J].地质学报,2014,88(11):2005-2032.CHEN Jianping,SUN Yongge,ZHONG Ningning,et al.The efficiency and model of petroleum expulsion from the lacustrine source rocks within geological frame[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(11):2005-2032.
[9]刘庆,张林晔,王茹,等.湖相烃源岩原始有机质恢复与生排烃效率定量研究[J].地质论评,2014,60(4):877-883.LIU Qing,ZHANG Linye,WANG Ru,et al.Recovery of original organic matter content and quantitatively study of generation and expulsion efficiency for lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks:a case study of the excellent source rocks of the Palaeocene E2-3s4,Dongying Sag[J].Geological Review,2014,60(4):877-883.
[10]范柏江,庞雄奇,师良.烃源岩排烃门限在生排油气作用中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(5):65-70.FAN Bojiang,PANG Xiongqi,SHI Liang.Application of hydrocarbon expulsion threshold in studying the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(5):65-70.
[11]胡国艺,张水昌,田华,等.不同母质类型烃源岩排气效率[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):45-52.HU Guoyi,ZHANG Shuichang,TIAN Hua,et al.Gas relative expulsion efficiency of source rocks with different types of kerogen[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(1):45-52.
[12]饶丹,章平澜,邱蕴玉.有效烃源岩下限指标初探[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊):578-581.RAO Dan,ZHANG Pinglan,QIU Yunyu.Discussion on lower limit of content of organic matters for effective source rocks[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(sup):578-581.
[13]关德范,徐旭辉,李志明,等.烃源岩有限空间生烃理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014:54-59.
[14]郑伦举,秦建中,何生,等.地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟实验初步研究[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(3):296-302,306.ZHENG Lunju,QIN Jianzhong,HE Sheng,et al.Preliminary study of formation porosity thermocompression simulation experiment of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(3):296-302,306.
[15]马中良,郑伦举,李志明.烃源岩有限空间温压共控生排烃模拟实验研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):955-963.MA Zhongliang,ZHENG Lunju,LI Zhiming.The thermocompression simulation experiment of source rock hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in formation porosity[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):955-963.
[16]左胜杰,庞雄奇,周瑞年,等.柴达木盆地烃源岩生、排烃特征模拟研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(5):23-27.ZUO Shengjie,PANG Xiongqi,ZHOU Ruinian,et al.Simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of source rocks[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2002,26(5):23-27.
[17]PHILIPPI G T.On the depth,time and mechanism of petroleum generation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1965,29:1021-1049.
[18]TISSOT B P,WELTE D H.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence[M].Berlin,Heidelberg,New York:Springer-Vevlag,1984:1-699.
[19]SANDVIK E I,YOUNG W A,CURRY D J.Expulsion from hydrocarbon sources:the role of organic absorption[J].Geochemistry,1992,19:77-87.
[20]PEPPER A S,CORVI P J.Simple kinetic models of petroleum formation,PartⅢ:modeling an opensystem[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(4):417-452.
[21]李吉君,史颖琳,黄振凯,等.松辽盆地北部陆相泥页岩孔隙特征及其对页岩油赋存的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):27-34.LI Jijun,SHI Yinglin,HUANG Zhenkai,et al.Pore characteristics of continental shale and its impact on storage of shale oil in northern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(4):27-34.
[22]汪友平,王益维,孟祥龙,等.美国油页岩原位开采技术与启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(4):71-74.WANG Youping,WANG Yiwei,MENG Xianglong,et al.Enlightenment of Americans oil shale in-situ retorting technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(4):71-74.
[23]雷光伦,李姿,姚传进,等.油页岩注蒸汽原位开采数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):100-107.LEI Guanglun,LI Zi,YAO Chuanjin,et al.Numerical simulation on in-situ upgrading of oil shale via steam injection[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(2):100-107.
[2]朱光有,金强,王锐.有效烃源岩的识别方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(2):6-10.ZHU Guangyou,JIN Qiang,WANG Rui.Identification methods for efficient source rocks[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(2):6-10.
[3]李志明,关德范,徐旭辉,等.有效泥质油源岩有机碳丰度评价标准研究:以东营凹陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(4):379-383.LI Zhiming,GUAN Defan,XU Xuhui,et al.Study on the appraising standard of organic carbon abundance for effective muddy oil source rocks:a case study from the dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(4):379-383.
[4]高岗,柳广弟,付金华,等.确定有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限的一种新方法:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统延长组湖相泥质烃源岩为例[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,27(2):22-26.GAO Gang,LIU Guangdi,FU Jinhua,et al.A new method for determining the lower limits of the organic matter abundance parameters of effective source rock:taking the Triassic dark mudstones of Yanchang Formation in Longdongregion,Ordos Basin as an example[J].Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2012,27(2):22-26.
[5]陈中红,查明,金强.牛38井烃源岩排烃门限的确定[J].天然气工业,2005,25(11):7-9.CHEN Zhonghong,ZHA Ming,JIN Qiang.Determining the expelling hydrocarbon threshold of source rock of well niu 38[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(11):7-9.
[6]庞雄奇,李素梅,金之钧,等.排烃门限存在的地质地球化学证据及其应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(4):384-390.PANG Xiongqi,LI Sumei,JIN Zhijun,et al.Geochemical evidences of hydrocarbon expulsion threshold and its application[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(4):384-390.
[7]姜振学,庞雄奇,金之钧,等.门限控烃作用及其在有效烃源岩判别研究中的应用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):689-695.JIANG Zhenxue,PANG Xiongqi,JIN Zhijun,et al.Threshold control over hydrocarbons and its application in distinguishing valid source rock[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(6):689-695.
[8]陈建平,孙永革,钟宁宁,等.地质条件下湖相烃源岩生排烃效率与模式[J].地质学报,2014,88(11):2005-2032.CHEN Jianping,SUN Yongge,ZHONG Ningning,et al.The efficiency and model of petroleum expulsion from the lacustrine source rocks within geological frame[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(11):2005-2032.
[9]刘庆,张林晔,王茹,等.湖相烃源岩原始有机质恢复与生排烃效率定量研究[J].地质论评,2014,60(4):877-883.LIU Qing,ZHANG Linye,WANG Ru,et al.Recovery of original organic matter content and quantitatively study of generation and expulsion efficiency for lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks:a case study of the excellent source rocks of the Palaeocene E2-3s4,Dongying Sag[J].Geological Review,2014,60(4):877-883.
[10]范柏江,庞雄奇,师良.烃源岩排烃门限在生排油气作用中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(5):65-70.FAN Bojiang,PANG Xiongqi,SHI Liang.Application of hydrocarbon expulsion threshold in studying the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(5):65-70.
[11]胡国艺,张水昌,田华,等.不同母质类型烃源岩排气效率[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):45-52.HU Guoyi,ZHANG Shuichang,TIAN Hua,et al.Gas relative expulsion efficiency of source rocks with different types of kerogen[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(1):45-52.
[12]饶丹,章平澜,邱蕴玉.有效烃源岩下限指标初探[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊):578-581.RAO Dan,ZHANG Pinglan,QIU Yunyu.Discussion on lower limit of content of organic matters for effective source rocks[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(sup):578-581.
[13]关德范,徐旭辉,李志明,等.烃源岩有限空间生烃理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014:54-59.
[14]郑伦举,秦建中,何生,等.地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟实验初步研究[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(3):296-302,306.ZHENG Lunju,QIN Jianzhong,HE Sheng,et al.Preliminary study of formation porosity thermocompression simulation experiment of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(3):296-302,306.
[15]马中良,郑伦举,李志明.烃源岩有限空间温压共控生排烃模拟实验研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):955-963.MA Zhongliang,ZHENG Lunju,LI Zhiming.The thermocompression simulation experiment of source rock hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in formation porosity[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):955-963.
[16]左胜杰,庞雄奇,周瑞年,等.柴达木盆地烃源岩生、排烃特征模拟研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(5):23-27.ZUO Shengjie,PANG Xiongqi,ZHOU Ruinian,et al.Simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of source rocks[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2002,26(5):23-27.
[17]PHILIPPI G T.On the depth,time and mechanism of petroleum generation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1965,29:1021-1049.
[18]TISSOT B P,WELTE D H.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence[M].Berlin,Heidelberg,New York:Springer-Vevlag,1984:1-699.
[19]SANDVIK E I,YOUNG W A,CURRY D J.Expulsion from hydrocarbon sources:the role of organic absorption[J].Geochemistry,1992,19:77-87.
[20]PEPPER A S,CORVI P J.Simple kinetic models of petroleum formation,PartⅢ:modeling an opensystem[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(4):417-452.
[21]李吉君,史颖琳,黄振凯,等.松辽盆地北部陆相泥页岩孔隙特征及其对页岩油赋存的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):27-34.LI Jijun,SHI Yinglin,HUANG Zhenkai,et al.Pore characteristics of continental shale and its impact on storage of shale oil in northern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(4):27-34.
[22]汪友平,王益维,孟祥龙,等.美国油页岩原位开采技术与启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(4):71-74.WANG Youping,WANG Yiwei,MENG Xianglong,et al.Enlightenment of Americans oil shale in-situ retorting technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(4):71-74.
[23]雷光伦,李姿,姚传进,等.油页岩注蒸汽原位开采数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):100-107.LEI Guanglun,LI Zi,YAO Chuanjin,et al.Numerical simulation on in-situ upgrading of oil shale via steam injection[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(2):100-107.