塔中奥陶系鹰山组海相碳酸盐岩成岩及充填特征
|
摘要
塔里木盆地塔中区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩是近年来塔里木油田上产的重点区域,鹰山组储层油气富集,但勘探实践发现,鹰山组缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层充填严重,部分井钻遇充填缝洞导致开发效果较差。因此对于鹰山组储层充填特征及测井显示高自然伽马段分析研究,对寻找有利产层、指导勘探开发有重要意义。通过岩芯观察及薄片鉴定对岩溶缝洞充填物进行了分析,主要包括化学充填物、机械充填物及混合充填物三类;利用方解石碳氧同位素特征划分了海水成岩环境、埋藏成岩环境、淡水成岩环境、高温热液环境四种不同充填环境。对高GR段充填物成分、充填环境及泥岩来源进行分析,认为高GR段主要岩性为钙质泥砂岩、砂砾岩。其中颗粒物主要为大小不一泥微晶或砂屑灰岩屑,杂基为粘土矿物,钙质胶结。通过以上研究建立了高GR段成因机制及缝洞充填模式,认为岩溶作用和后期的差异性充填作用共同控制了高GR段的发育。研究成果可为岩溶缝洞储层充填机理和后期勘探提供依据。
The Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tazhong block of Tarim Basin are the key areas in Tarim oilfield in recent years. The reservoirs of Yingshan Formation are rich in oil and gas. However, exploration practice shows that the carbonate reservoirs of fracture-cavity type in Yingshan Formation are filled seriously, and some wells are drilled to fill the fractures and cavities, resulting in poor development effect. Therefore, the analysis and study of Yingshan Formation reservoir filling characteristics and logging display of high natural gamma interval is of great significance for finding favorable reservoirs and guiding exploration and development. Through core observation and thin section identification, the authors analyzed the filling materials of karst fracture and cave, which mainly include chemical filling, mechanical filling and mixed filling materials. Based on the analysis of filling material composition, filling environment and mudstone source of high GR member, it is considered that the main lithology of high GR member is calcareous mudstone and sandy conglomerate. Among them, the particles are mainly mud microcrystalline or sandy limestone debris of different sizes, and the matrix is clay mineral and calcareous cementation. Based on the above study, the authors established the genetic mechanism of high GR member and the filling model of fracture and cave. It is considered that the development of high GR member is controlled by karstification and differential filling in late stage. The research results can provide basis for filling mechanism and late exploration of karst fracture cavity reservoirs.
The Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tazhong block of Tarim Basin are the key areas in Tarim oilfield in recent years. The reservoirs of Yingshan Formation are rich in oil and gas. However, exploration practice shows that the carbonate reservoirs of fracture-cavity type in Yingshan Formation are filled seriously, and some wells are drilled to fill the fractures and cavities, resulting in poor development effect. Therefore, the analysis and study of Yingshan Formation reservoir filling characteristics and logging display of high natural gamma interval is of great significance for finding favorable reservoirs and guiding exploration and development. Through core observation and thin section identification, the authors analyzed the filling materials of karst fracture and cave, which mainly include chemical filling, mechanical filling and mixed filling materials. Based on the analysis of filling material composition, filling environment and mudstone source of high GR member, it is considered that the main lithology of high GR member is calcareous mudstone and sandy conglomerate. Among them, the particles are mainly mud microcrystalline or sandy limestone debris of different sizes, and the matrix is clay mineral and calcareous cementation. Based on the above study, the authors established the genetic mechanism of high GR member and the filling model of fracture and cave. It is considered that the development of high GR member is controlled by karstification and differential filling in late stage. The research results can provide basis for filling mechanism and late exploration of karst fracture cavity reservoirs.
引文
[1] 胡昊,王振宇,张云峰,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组碳酸盐岩层间岩溶储集层特征[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(3):277-281.Hu Hao,Wang Zhenyu,Zhang Yunfeng,et al.Characteristics of carbonate interlayer karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation,North Tazhong Slope [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34 (3):277-281.
[2] 杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Sun Chonghao,et al.Karst reservoir development model and oil and gas exploration of Yingshan Formation of Ordovician in the north slope of Tazhong Mountains[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2011,32(2):199-205.
[3] 李忠,李佳蔚,张平童,等.深层碳酸盐岩关键构造-流体演变与成岩-成储——以塔中奥陶系鹰山组为例[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(5):827-838.Li Zhong,Li Jiawei,Zhang Pingtong,et al.Key tectonic-fluid evolution and diagenesis reservoir formation of deep-buried carbonates:An example from the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tazhong,Tarim Basin[J].Mineral-petrochemical Circular,2016,35 (5):827-838.
[4] 钱一雄,何治亮,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩封盖性能[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):1-9,18.Qian Yixiong,He Zhiliang,Chen Qianglu,et al.Caprocking performance of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(1):1-9,18.
[5] 于靖波,李忠,杨柳,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组深埋岩溶型储层刻画及分布规律[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):299-310.Yu Jingbo,Li Zhong,Yang Liu,et al.Characterization and distribution of deep karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of the northern slope of Tazhong[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):299-310.
[6] 张恒,蔡忠贤,漆立新,等.塔中地区西北部鹰山组成岩早期岩溶作用类型及其特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):291-303.Zhang Heng,Cai Zhongxian,Qi Lixin,et al.Types and characteristics of early karstification of Yingshan rock in the northwestern part of Tazhong area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(3):291-303.
[7] 韩剑发,任凭,陈军,等.塔中隆起北斜坡鹰山组沉积微相及有利储集层展布[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(1):18-23.Han Jianfa,Ren Ping,Chen Jun,et al.Sedimentary microfacies and favorable reservoir distribution of the Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong uplift[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(1):18-23.
[8] 华晓莉,罗春树,吕修祥,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩高阻层分布特征及其意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2013(3):323-331.Hua Xiaoli,Luo Chunshu,Lu Xiuxiang,et al.Distribution characteristics and significance of high-resistance layers of carbonate rocks in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013(3):323-331.
[9] 吉云刚,韩剑发,张正红,等.塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组深部优质岩溶储层的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2012,86(7):1163-1174.Ji Yungang,Han Jianfa,Zhang Zhenghong,et al.Formation and distribution of high-quality karst reservoirs in deep Ordovician Yingshan Formation on the north slope of Tazhong,Tarim Basin [J].Acta Geologica,2012,86(7):1163-1174.
[10] 罗春树,杨海军,李江海,等.塔中奥陶系优质储集层特征及断裂控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):716-724.Luo Chunshu,Yang Hai,Li Jianghai,et al.Characteristics of Ordovician high-quality reservoirs in central Tarim Basin and fault control [J].Petroleum exploration and development,2011,38 (6):716-724.
[11] 耿晓洁,林畅松,韩剑发,等.塔中北斜坡中下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶储层成像测井相精细研究[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):229-240.Geng Xiaojie,Lin Changsong,Han Jianfa,et al.Fine study on imaging logging facies of karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of Middle-Lower Ordovician in the north slope of Tazhong Basin [J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2015,26(2):229-240.
[12] 谢欣睿,毛健,王振宇,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶作用与储层分布[J].断块油气田,2013,20(3):324-328.Xie Xinrui,Mao Jian,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Karst and reservoir distribution of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation on the north slope of central Tarim Basin [J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,2013,20 (3):324-328.
[13] 韩剑发,周锦明,敬兵,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组碳酸盐岩缝洞储集层预测及成藏规律[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):281-284.Han Jianfa,Zhou Jinming,Jing Bing,et al.Prediction and reservoir formation of carbonate fracture caverns in Yingshan Formation of North Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(3):281- 284.
[14] 赵越,杨海军,刘丹丹,等.塔中北斜坡致密碳酸盐岩盖层特征及其控油气作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):890-896,908.Zhao Yue,Yang Haijun,Liu Dandan,et al.Characteristics of tight carbonate caprock and its controlling oil and gas in the northern slope of Tazhong area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(6):890-896,908.
[15] 张庆玉,梁彬,淡永,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶储层特征及古岩溶发育模式[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(1):106-113.Zhang Qingyu,Liang Bin,Dan Yong,et al.Characteristics of karst reservoirs and paleo-karst development patterns of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong area[J].Chinese Karst,2016,35(1):106-113.
[16] 刘春晓,杨小波,钱利,等.新疆塔中地区奥陶系地层划分与岩性研究[J].地层学杂志,2009,33(2):217-224.Liu Chunxiao,Yang Xiaobo,Qian Li,et al.Ordovician stratigraphic division and lithology in Tazhong area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2009,33(2):217-224.
[17] 张保涛,于炳松,朱光有,等.塔中北斜坡富油气区油气分布规律与富集主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):271-280.Zhang Baotao,Yu Bingsong,Zhu Guangyou,et al.Study on oil and gas distribution law and main controlling factors of rich oil and gas in the north slope of Tazhong area[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):271-280 .
[18] Thomas J Schopf.Palaeoceanography[M].Massachusetts:Harvard University press,1980.
[19] 任凭,林畅松,韩剑发,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组碳酸盐岩沉积微相特征与演化[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):241-251.Ren Ping,Lin Changsong,Han Jianfa,et al.Characteristics and evolution of sedimentary microfacies of the Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):241-251.
[20] 张新超,孙赞东,吴美珍,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组岩溶储层发育规律[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(1):43-50.Zhang Xinchao,Sun Zandong,Wu Meizhen,et al.Development law of karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of North Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(1):43-50.
[2] 杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Sun Chonghao,et al.Karst reservoir development model and oil and gas exploration of Yingshan Formation of Ordovician in the north slope of Tazhong Mountains[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2011,32(2):199-205.
[3] 李忠,李佳蔚,张平童,等.深层碳酸盐岩关键构造-流体演变与成岩-成储——以塔中奥陶系鹰山组为例[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(5):827-838.Li Zhong,Li Jiawei,Zhang Pingtong,et al.Key tectonic-fluid evolution and diagenesis reservoir formation of deep-buried carbonates:An example from the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tazhong,Tarim Basin[J].Mineral-petrochemical Circular,2016,35 (5):827-838.
[4] 钱一雄,何治亮,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩封盖性能[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):1-9,18.Qian Yixiong,He Zhiliang,Chen Qianglu,et al.Caprocking performance of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(1):1-9,18.
[5] 于靖波,李忠,杨柳,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组深埋岩溶型储层刻画及分布规律[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):299-310.Yu Jingbo,Li Zhong,Yang Liu,et al.Characterization and distribution of deep karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of the northern slope of Tazhong[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):299-310.
[6] 张恒,蔡忠贤,漆立新,等.塔中地区西北部鹰山组成岩早期岩溶作用类型及其特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):291-303.Zhang Heng,Cai Zhongxian,Qi Lixin,et al.Types and characteristics of early karstification of Yingshan rock in the northwestern part of Tazhong area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(3):291-303.
[7] 韩剑发,任凭,陈军,等.塔中隆起北斜坡鹰山组沉积微相及有利储集层展布[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(1):18-23.Han Jianfa,Ren Ping,Chen Jun,et al.Sedimentary microfacies and favorable reservoir distribution of the Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong uplift[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(1):18-23.
[8] 华晓莉,罗春树,吕修祥,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩高阻层分布特征及其意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2013(3):323-331.Hua Xiaoli,Luo Chunshu,Lu Xiuxiang,et al.Distribution characteristics and significance of high-resistance layers of carbonate rocks in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013(3):323-331.
[9] 吉云刚,韩剑发,张正红,等.塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组深部优质岩溶储层的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2012,86(7):1163-1174.Ji Yungang,Han Jianfa,Zhang Zhenghong,et al.Formation and distribution of high-quality karst reservoirs in deep Ordovician Yingshan Formation on the north slope of Tazhong,Tarim Basin [J].Acta Geologica,2012,86(7):1163-1174.
[10] 罗春树,杨海军,李江海,等.塔中奥陶系优质储集层特征及断裂控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):716-724.Luo Chunshu,Yang Hai,Li Jianghai,et al.Characteristics of Ordovician high-quality reservoirs in central Tarim Basin and fault control [J].Petroleum exploration and development,2011,38 (6):716-724.
[11] 耿晓洁,林畅松,韩剑发,等.塔中北斜坡中下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶储层成像测井相精细研究[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):229-240.Geng Xiaojie,Lin Changsong,Han Jianfa,et al.Fine study on imaging logging facies of karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of Middle-Lower Ordovician in the north slope of Tazhong Basin [J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2015,26(2):229-240.
[12] 谢欣睿,毛健,王振宇,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶作用与储层分布[J].断块油气田,2013,20(3):324-328.Xie Xinrui,Mao Jian,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Karst and reservoir distribution of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation on the north slope of central Tarim Basin [J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,2013,20 (3):324-328.
[13] 韩剑发,周锦明,敬兵,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组碳酸盐岩缝洞储集层预测及成藏规律[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):281-284.Han Jianfa,Zhou Jinming,Jing Bing,et al.Prediction and reservoir formation of carbonate fracture caverns in Yingshan Formation of North Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(3):281- 284.
[14] 赵越,杨海军,刘丹丹,等.塔中北斜坡致密碳酸盐岩盖层特征及其控油气作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):890-896,908.Zhao Yue,Yang Haijun,Liu Dandan,et al.Characteristics of tight carbonate caprock and its controlling oil and gas in the northern slope of Tazhong area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(6):890-896,908.
[15] 张庆玉,梁彬,淡永,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶储层特征及古岩溶发育模式[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(1):106-113.Zhang Qingyu,Liang Bin,Dan Yong,et al.Characteristics of karst reservoirs and paleo-karst development patterns of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong area[J].Chinese Karst,2016,35(1):106-113.
[16] 刘春晓,杨小波,钱利,等.新疆塔中地区奥陶系地层划分与岩性研究[J].地层学杂志,2009,33(2):217-224.Liu Chunxiao,Yang Xiaobo,Qian Li,et al.Ordovician stratigraphic division and lithology in Tazhong area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2009,33(2):217-224.
[17] 张保涛,于炳松,朱光有,等.塔中北斜坡富油气区油气分布规律与富集主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):271-280.Zhang Baotao,Yu Bingsong,Zhu Guangyou,et al.Study on oil and gas distribution law and main controlling factors of rich oil and gas in the north slope of Tazhong area[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):271-280 .
[18] Thomas J Schopf.Palaeoceanography[M].Massachusetts:Harvard University press,1980.
[19] 任凭,林畅松,韩剑发,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组碳酸盐岩沉积微相特征与演化[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):241-251.Ren Ping,Lin Changsong,Han Jianfa,et al.Characteristics and evolution of sedimentary microfacies of the Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):241-251.
[20] 张新超,孙赞东,吴美珍,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组岩溶储层发育规律[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(1):43-50.Zhang Xinchao,Sun Zandong,Wu Meizhen,et al.Development law of karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of North Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(1):43-50.