摘要
应用GIS空间技术分析中国国家级非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征,结果表明:"非遗"为集聚型分布,但区域差异明显,总体是东部多于西部,西部多于中部;其空间分布主要集中在黄河下游、环渤海及长三角地区,东部沿海和长江流域分布次之。从类型来看,其空间分布以传统戏剧和传统技艺类差异最大,曲艺、传统体育游艺与杂技和传统医药类空间差异最小;京津唐、长三角和珠三角是不同类型"非遗"的高密集区,黄河流域、长江流域沿线及黔、藏、新等省会城市周边是次级密集区。进一步分析了"非遗"分布与区域自然、经济和社会文化相关因素的关系:有84.50%的"非遗"分布在5km河流缓冲区范围内;其分布具有明显的平原指向性;适宜的气候是"非遗"产生和发展的必要条件;其分布与GDP值存在明显的正相关性,东部沿海省市双高,西部和东北等省市双低;以汉族为主的"非遗"主要分布在黄河和长江中下游流域,少数民族的"非遗"成块状集中在西南、华北及东北的辽宁地区;人类活动频繁且经济文化发达的燕赵、吴越、中原和齐鲁等文化副区是"非遗"密集区。
Intangible cultural heritages are not only the "live" show of regional culture and national characters, but also the representatives of excellent culture that handed down by our ethnic groups. Studying on the spatial distribution law of the intangible cultural heritages will provide great significance for the objective understanding of the occurrence and evolution of our regional culture, as well as the protection and exploitation of them. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution features of national intangible cultural heritages based on GIS spatial analysis technology, the result shows that China's intangible cultural heritages are concentrated distributed, but exist obvious regional differences. In general,there are more national cultural heritages in the east than in the west, and more in the west than in the central part. They mainly concentrate in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Delta region, followed by the eastern coast and the Yangtze River Basin. From the view of type, traditional theater and traditional arts have the biggest differences in spatial distribution, while the differences of opera, traditional sports entertainments and acrobatics,traditional medicine are the smallest. Beijing- Tianjin- Tangshan region, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are high density areas of different intangible cultural heritages, and the Yellow River basin, Yangtze River Basin, and the capital cities of Tibet, Xinjiang and Guizhou are the second dense areas. Further analyzing the relationship between the intangible cultural heritages and the relevant regional natural, economical social and cultural factors, we find that most of the intangible cultural heritages are located in plain, with 84.50% distribute within the 5km River buffer zone, and mild climate is the requirement. Distribution of the intangible cultural heritages has significant positive correlation with GDP,as the eastern coastal provinces and cities are double high, and the provinces and cities in the west and northeast are double low. Han- dominated intangible cultural heritages mainly distribute in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River Basin, while the minority- dominated mainly concentrate in the southwest region, North China and the northeast Liaoning province; Yanzhao, Wuyue, Zhongyuan and Qilu culture deputy districts with frequent human activities and developed economy and culture are compact areas of intangible cultural heritages.
引文
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注:此处只分析大陆内地省市,港澳台地区不列入分析,数据来自国家统计局(年)。