中国不同类型非物质文化遗产的空间分布与成因
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摘要
应用GIS空间技术分析中国国家级非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征,结果表明:"非遗"为集聚型分布,但区域差异明显,总体是东部多于西部,西部多于中部;其空间分布主要集中在黄河下游、环渤海及长三角地区,东部沿海和长江流域分布次之。从类型来看,其空间分布以传统戏剧和传统技艺类差异最大,曲艺、传统体育游艺与杂技和传统医药类空间差异最小;京津唐、长三角和珠三角是不同类型"非遗"的高密集区,黄河流域、长江流域沿线及黔、藏、新等省会城市周边是次级密集区。进一步分析了"非遗"分布与区域自然、经济和社会文化相关因素的关系:有84.50%的"非遗"分布在5km河流缓冲区范围内;其分布具有明显的平原指向性;适宜的气候是"非遗"产生和发展的必要条件;其分布与GDP值存在明显的正相关性,东部沿海省市双高,西部和东北等省市双低;以汉族为主的"非遗"主要分布在黄河和长江中下游流域,少数民族的"非遗"成块状集中在西南、华北及东北的辽宁地区;人类活动频繁且经济文化发达的燕赵、吴越、中原和齐鲁等文化副区是"非遗"密集区。
Intangible cultural heritages are not only the "live" show of regional culture and national characters, but also the representatives of excellent culture that handed down by our ethnic groups. Studying on the spatial distribution law of the intangible cultural heritages will provide great significance for the objective understanding of the occurrence and evolution of our regional culture, as well as the protection and exploitation of them. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution features of national intangible cultural heritages based on GIS spatial analysis technology, the result shows that China's intangible cultural heritages are concentrated distributed, but exist obvious regional differences. In general,there are more national cultural heritages in the east than in the west, and more in the west than in the central part. They mainly concentrate in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Delta region, followed by the eastern coast and the Yangtze River Basin. From the view of type, traditional theater and traditional arts have the biggest differences in spatial distribution, while the differences of opera, traditional sports entertainments and acrobatics,traditional medicine are the smallest. Beijing- Tianjin- Tangshan region, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are high density areas of different intangible cultural heritages, and the Yellow River basin, Yangtze River Basin, and the capital cities of Tibet, Xinjiang and Guizhou are the second dense areas. Further analyzing the relationship between the intangible cultural heritages and the relevant regional natural, economical social and cultural factors, we find that most of the intangible cultural heritages are located in plain, with 84.50% distribute within the 5km River buffer zone, and mild climate is the requirement. Distribution of the intangible cultural heritages has significant positive correlation with GDP,as the eastern coastal provinces and cities are double high, and the provinces and cities in the west and northeast are double low. Han- dominated intangible cultural heritages mainly distribute in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River Basin, while the minority- dominated mainly concentrate in the southwest region, North China and the northeast Liaoning province; Yanzhao, Wuyue, Zhongyuan and Qilu culture deputy districts with frequent human activities and developed economy and culture are compact areas of intangible cultural heritages.
Intangible cultural heritages are not only the "live" show of regional culture and national characters, but also the representatives of excellent culture that handed down by our ethnic groups. Studying on the spatial distribution law of the intangible cultural heritages will provide great significance for the objective understanding of the occurrence and evolution of our regional culture, as well as the protection and exploitation of them. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution features of national intangible cultural heritages based on GIS spatial analysis technology, the result shows that China's intangible cultural heritages are concentrated distributed, but exist obvious regional differences. In general,there are more national cultural heritages in the east than in the west, and more in the west than in the central part. They mainly concentrate in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Delta region, followed by the eastern coast and the Yangtze River Basin. From the view of type, traditional theater and traditional arts have the biggest differences in spatial distribution, while the differences of opera, traditional sports entertainments and acrobatics,traditional medicine are the smallest. Beijing- Tianjin- Tangshan region, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are high density areas of different intangible cultural heritages, and the Yellow River basin, Yangtze River Basin, and the capital cities of Tibet, Xinjiang and Guizhou are the second dense areas. Further analyzing the relationship between the intangible cultural heritages and the relevant regional natural, economical social and cultural factors, we find that most of the intangible cultural heritages are located in plain, with 84.50% distribute within the 5km River buffer zone, and mild climate is the requirement. Distribution of the intangible cultural heritages has significant positive correlation with GDP,as the eastern coastal provinces and cities are double high, and the provinces and cities in the west and northeast are double low. Han- dominated intangible cultural heritages mainly distribute in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River Basin, while the minority- dominated mainly concentrate in the southwest region, North China and the northeast Liaoning province; Yanzhao, Wuyue, Zhongyuan and Qilu culture deputy districts with frequent human activities and developed economy and culture are compact areas of intangible cultural heritages.
引文
[1]牟延林,谭宏,刘壮.非物质文化遗产概论[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010:25-33.
[2]Miguel Vidal González.Intangible heritage tourism and identity[J].Tourism Management,2008,29(4):807-810.
[3]Lourdes Arizpe.Intangible Cultural Heritage,Diversity and Coherence[J].Museum International,2004,56(1-2):130-136.
[4]Francesca Cominelli,Xavier Greffe.Intangible cultural heritage:Safeguarding for creativity[J].City,Culture and Society,2012,3(4):245-250.
[5]María Josédel Barrio,María Devesa,Luis César Herrero.Evaluating intangible cultural heritage:The case of cultural festivals[J].City,Culture and Society,2012,3(4):235-244.
[6]Antonio,Paolo Russo.The“vicious circle”of tourism development in heritage cities[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(1):165-182.
[7]David Herbert.Literary Places,tourism and the heritage experience[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2001,28(2):312-333.
[8]Hyung yu Park.Shared national memory as intangible heritage:Re-imagining Two Koreas as One Nation[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2011,38(2):520-539.
[9]Lourdes Arizpe,Cristina Amescua.Anthropological perspectives on intangible cultural heritage[M].Springer-Verlag Press,2013.
[10]张春丽,李星明.非物质文化遗产概念研究述论[J].中华文化论坛,2007(2):137-140.
[11]宋俊华.非物质文化遗产概念的诠释与重构[J].学术研究,2006(9):117-121.
[12]普丽春.少数民族非物质文化遗产的理论研究综述[J].中央民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2009,36(5):64-69.
[13]彭兆荣.我国非物质文化遗产理论体系探索[J].贵州社会科学,2013,208(4):5-8.
[14]宋俊华.非物质文化遗产特征刍议[J].江西社会科学,2006(1):33-37.
[15]蔡丰明.中国非物质文化遗产的文化特征及其当代价值[J].上海交通大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2006,14(4):64-69.
[16]张世均.我国少数民族非物质文化遗产的价值[J].西南民族大学学报:人文社科版,2007(7):137-140.
[17]黄永林,谈国新.中国非物质文化遗产数字化保护与开发研究[J].华中师范大学学报:人文社会科学版,2012,51(2):49-55.
[18]张博,程圩.文化旅游视野下的非物质文化遗产保护[J].人文地理,2008,23(1):74-79.
[19]戴其文,刘俊杰,吴玉鸣,等.基于区域视角探讨广西非物质文化遗产的保护[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):1 104-1 112.
[20]祁庆富.论非物质文化遗产保护中的传承及传承人[J].西北民族研究,2006(3):114-123.
[21]周红才,胡希军.非物质文化遗产视野下传统礼俗的保护与传承——以湖南张谷英村为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1 943-1 947.
[22]纪文静.中国非物质文化遗产旅游开发研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2007.
[23]汪宇明,马木兰.非物质文化遗产转型为旅游产品的路径研究[J].旅游科学,2007,21(4):31-35.
[24]尹华光,赵丽霞,彭小舟,等.张家界非物质文化遗产旅游居民感知差异分析[J].经济地理,2012,32(5):160-164.
[25]袁少雄,陈波.广东省非物质文化遗产结构及地理空间分布[J].热带地理,2012,32(1):94-97.
[26]田阡.重庆市非物质文化遗产研究与保护对策[J].西南大学学报:社会科学版,2008,34(5):177-182.
[27]柴国珍,孙文学.山西非物质文化遗产的时空分布与重心移动分析[J].文化遗产,2010(2):6-11.
[28]欧阳正宇.甘肃省非物质文化遗产旅游开发SWOT分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):201-208.
[29]程乾,凌素培.中国非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1 166-1 172.
[30]张超,杨秉赓.计量地理学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991:28-35.
[31]韩增林,王茂军,张学霞.中国海洋产业发展的地区差距变动及空间集聚分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(3):289-296.
[32]王会昌.中国文化地理[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2010:169-235.
[33]奚雪松,许立言,陈义勇.中国文物保护单位的空间分布特征[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):75-79.
[34]廖恒,邓朝宁.非物质文化遗产保护要素及模式创新研究[J].天府新论,2013(3):109-113.
注:此处只分析大陆内地省市,港澳台地区不列入分析,数据来自国家统计局(年)。
[2]Miguel Vidal González.Intangible heritage tourism and identity[J].Tourism Management,2008,29(4):807-810.
[3]Lourdes Arizpe.Intangible Cultural Heritage,Diversity and Coherence[J].Museum International,2004,56(1-2):130-136.
[4]Francesca Cominelli,Xavier Greffe.Intangible cultural heritage:Safeguarding for creativity[J].City,Culture and Society,2012,3(4):245-250.
[5]María Josédel Barrio,María Devesa,Luis César Herrero.Evaluating intangible cultural heritage:The case of cultural festivals[J].City,Culture and Society,2012,3(4):235-244.
[6]Antonio,Paolo Russo.The“vicious circle”of tourism development in heritage cities[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(1):165-182.
[7]David Herbert.Literary Places,tourism and the heritage experience[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2001,28(2):312-333.
[8]Hyung yu Park.Shared national memory as intangible heritage:Re-imagining Two Koreas as One Nation[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2011,38(2):520-539.
[9]Lourdes Arizpe,Cristina Amescua.Anthropological perspectives on intangible cultural heritage[M].Springer-Verlag Press,2013.
[10]张春丽,李星明.非物质文化遗产概念研究述论[J].中华文化论坛,2007(2):137-140.
[11]宋俊华.非物质文化遗产概念的诠释与重构[J].学术研究,2006(9):117-121.
[12]普丽春.少数民族非物质文化遗产的理论研究综述[J].中央民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2009,36(5):64-69.
[13]彭兆荣.我国非物质文化遗产理论体系探索[J].贵州社会科学,2013,208(4):5-8.
[14]宋俊华.非物质文化遗产特征刍议[J].江西社会科学,2006(1):33-37.
[15]蔡丰明.中国非物质文化遗产的文化特征及其当代价值[J].上海交通大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2006,14(4):64-69.
[16]张世均.我国少数民族非物质文化遗产的价值[J].西南民族大学学报:人文社科版,2007(7):137-140.
[17]黄永林,谈国新.中国非物质文化遗产数字化保护与开发研究[J].华中师范大学学报:人文社会科学版,2012,51(2):49-55.
[18]张博,程圩.文化旅游视野下的非物质文化遗产保护[J].人文地理,2008,23(1):74-79.
[19]戴其文,刘俊杰,吴玉鸣,等.基于区域视角探讨广西非物质文化遗产的保护[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):1 104-1 112.
[20]祁庆富.论非物质文化遗产保护中的传承及传承人[J].西北民族研究,2006(3):114-123.
[21]周红才,胡希军.非物质文化遗产视野下传统礼俗的保护与传承——以湖南张谷英村为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1 943-1 947.
[22]纪文静.中国非物质文化遗产旅游开发研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2007.
[23]汪宇明,马木兰.非物质文化遗产转型为旅游产品的路径研究[J].旅游科学,2007,21(4):31-35.
[24]尹华光,赵丽霞,彭小舟,等.张家界非物质文化遗产旅游居民感知差异分析[J].经济地理,2012,32(5):160-164.
[25]袁少雄,陈波.广东省非物质文化遗产结构及地理空间分布[J].热带地理,2012,32(1):94-97.
[26]田阡.重庆市非物质文化遗产研究与保护对策[J].西南大学学报:社会科学版,2008,34(5):177-182.
[27]柴国珍,孙文学.山西非物质文化遗产的时空分布与重心移动分析[J].文化遗产,2010(2):6-11.
[28]欧阳正宇.甘肃省非物质文化遗产旅游开发SWOT分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):201-208.
[29]程乾,凌素培.中国非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1 166-1 172.
[30]张超,杨秉赓.计量地理学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991:28-35.
[31]韩增林,王茂军,张学霞.中国海洋产业发展的地区差距变动及空间集聚分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(3):289-296.
[32]王会昌.中国文化地理[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2010:169-235.
[33]奚雪松,许立言,陈义勇.中国文物保护单位的空间分布特征[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):75-79.
[34]廖恒,邓朝宁.非物质文化遗产保护要素及模式创新研究[J].天府新论,2013(3):109-113.
注:此处只分析大陆内地省市,港澳台地区不列入分析,数据来自国家统计局(年)。