制度距离对跨国企业合法化战略选择的影响——基于中国跨国企业的实证研究
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摘要
研究表明,在进行海外投资和海外运营时,我国的跨国企业面临巨大压力,这是由于两国制度距离的合法性问题而产生的压力,如何成功跨越"合法性门槛"实现其生存与发展成为跨国企业成长的关键。合法性的研究多数只重视外部合法性,而忽略了内部合法性。本研究将制度和战略进行了整合,从制度距离影响跨国企业合法性入手,对正式、非正式制度距离影响进行了研究分析,作出了企业内、外部合法化战略模式的选择。
The current researches show that multinational enterprises are confronted with dual pressure from host country and parent company.The pressures mainly due to the legitimacy of institutional distance between the two countries.How to cross the threshold of legitimacy is the key for multinational enterprises to develop.However,current studies of legitimacy mainly focus on internal legitimacy rather than external legitimacy.This paper integrates institution view and strategy view,regard distance as an important factor influencing the legitimacy of transnational enterprises,and discusses the influence of formal and informal institutional distance on legitimacy of multinational enterprises in the transnational business.Furthermore,the internal and external legitimation strategic choice is put forward from the active view for multinational enterprises when institutional distance is different.
The current researches show that multinational enterprises are confronted with dual pressure from host country and parent company.The pressures mainly due to the legitimacy of institutional distance between the two countries.How to cross the threshold of legitimacy is the key for multinational enterprises to develop.However,current studies of legitimacy mainly focus on internal legitimacy rather than external legitimacy.This paper integrates institution view and strategy view,regard distance as an important factor influencing the legitimacy of transnational enterprises,and discusses the influence of formal and informal institutional distance on legitimacy of multinational enterprises in the transnational business.Furthermore,the internal and external legitimation strategic choice is put forward from the active view for multinational enterprises when institutional distance is different.
引文
[1]Estrin S,Baghdasaryan D,Meyer K E.The Impact of Institutional and Human Resource Distance on International Entry Strategies[J].Journal of Management Studies,2009,46(7):1171～1196.
[2]Higón D A,Antolín M M.Multinationality,Foreignness and Institutional Distance in the Relation Between R&D and Productivity[J].Research Policy,2012,41(3):592～601.
[3]Kostova T,Roth K.Adoption of an Organizational Practice By Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations:Institutional and Relational Effects[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45:215～233.
[4]Kostova T,Zaheer S.Organizational Legitimacy Under Conditions of Complexity:The Case of the Multinational Enterprise[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24:64～81.
[5]Yiu D,Makino S.The Choice Between Joint Venture and Wholly Owned Subsidiary:An Institutional Perspective[J].Organization Science,2002,13:667～683.
[6]Hennart J F,Zeng M.Cross-Cultural Differences and Joint Venture Longevity[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2002,33(4):699～716.
[7]Gaur A S,Lu J W.Ownership Strategies and Survival of Foreign Subsidiaries:Impacts of Institutional Distance and Experience[J].Journal of Management,2007,33(1):84～110.
[8]Korn H J,Baum J A C.Chance,Imitative,and Strategic Antecedents to Multimarket Contact[J].Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(2):171～193.
[9]Zimmerman M A,Zeitz G J.Beyond Survival:Achieving New Venture Growth By Building Legitimacy[J].Academy of Ma-nagement Review,2002,27(3),414～431.
[10]Haunschild P R,Miner A S.Modes of Inter Organizational Imitation:The Effects of Outcome Salience and Uncertainty[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(3):472～500.
[11]Estrin S,Baghdasaryan D,Meyer K E.The Impact of Institutional and Human Resource Distance on International Entry Strategies[J].Journal of Management Studies,2009,46(7):1171～1196.
[12]Chao C H,Kumar V.The Impact of Institutional Distance on the International Diversity——Performance Relationship[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2010,45(1):93～103.
[13]潘镇,鲁明泓.在华外商直接投资进入模式选择的文化解释[J].世界经济.2006,(2):51～61.
[14]Lu J W,Xu D.Growth and Survival of International Joint Ventures:An External-internal Legitimacy Perspective[J].Journal of Management,2006,32:426～448.
[15]马蔷,李雪灵,申佳,等.创业企业合法化战略研究的演化路径与体系构建[J].外国经济与管理,2015,(10):46～57.
[2]Higón D A,Antolín M M.Multinationality,Foreignness and Institutional Distance in the Relation Between R&D and Productivity[J].Research Policy,2012,41(3):592～601.
[3]Kostova T,Roth K.Adoption of an Organizational Practice By Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations:Institutional and Relational Effects[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45:215～233.
[4]Kostova T,Zaheer S.Organizational Legitimacy Under Conditions of Complexity:The Case of the Multinational Enterprise[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24:64～81.
[5]Yiu D,Makino S.The Choice Between Joint Venture and Wholly Owned Subsidiary:An Institutional Perspective[J].Organization Science,2002,13:667～683.
[6]Hennart J F,Zeng M.Cross-Cultural Differences and Joint Venture Longevity[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2002,33(4):699～716.
[7]Gaur A S,Lu J W.Ownership Strategies and Survival of Foreign Subsidiaries:Impacts of Institutional Distance and Experience[J].Journal of Management,2007,33(1):84～110.
[8]Korn H J,Baum J A C.Chance,Imitative,and Strategic Antecedents to Multimarket Contact[J].Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(2):171～193.
[9]Zimmerman M A,Zeitz G J.Beyond Survival:Achieving New Venture Growth By Building Legitimacy[J].Academy of Ma-nagement Review,2002,27(3),414～431.
[10]Haunschild P R,Miner A S.Modes of Inter Organizational Imitation:The Effects of Outcome Salience and Uncertainty[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(3):472～500.
[11]Estrin S,Baghdasaryan D,Meyer K E.The Impact of Institutional and Human Resource Distance on International Entry Strategies[J].Journal of Management Studies,2009,46(7):1171～1196.
[12]Chao C H,Kumar V.The Impact of Institutional Distance on the International Diversity——Performance Relationship[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2010,45(1):93～103.
[13]潘镇,鲁明泓.在华外商直接投资进入模式选择的文化解释[J].世界经济.2006,(2):51～61.
[14]Lu J W,Xu D.Growth and Survival of International Joint Ventures:An External-internal Legitimacy Perspective[J].Journal of Management,2006,32:426～448.
[15]马蔷,李雪灵,申佳,等.创业企业合法化战略研究的演化路径与体系构建[J].外国经济与管理,2015,(10):46～57.