电耦合CVI制备穿刺C/C喉衬材料的微结构及性能
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摘要
采用电耦合化学气相渗透(CVI)联合树脂浸渍碳化工艺制备了穿刺碳纤维预制体增强C/C喉衬材料,利用μ-CT表征了穿刺C/C材料增密不同阶段孔隙尺寸,研究了该材料2 800℃拉伸性能和缩比固体发动机烧蚀性能。结果表明,电耦合CVI增密后穿刺C/C喉衬材料孔隙主要存在于纤维束间,呈现空间联通的网状结构,树脂碳循环致密后材料内部仍残存少量体积0~0.08mm~3的微小孔隙,孔隙呈现孤立的点分布状态。穿刺C/C材料2 800℃拉伸强度略高于室温,断裂应变比室温提高118%,表现出优异的非线性断裂行为。穿刺C/C喉衬缩比固体发动机点火试验后线烧蚀率0.077mm/s,喉衬不同区域的烧蚀机制有一定差异,喉衬收敛段穿刺纤维束承受驻点烧蚀,产生蜂窝状烧蚀凹坑,烧蚀较严重,喉部和扩散段烧蚀较为平滑。
Fine weave pierced C/C throat was fabricated using electrically coupled chemical vapour impregnation(CVI)process together with resin infiltration and carbonization method.The pore size of fine weave pierced preform at different densification stages was characterized byμ-CT.Tensile properties of the samples at 2 800℃ and the ablation behaviors of the scaling down motor were also discussed.The results show that pores are located in between the fiber bundles in the material after the electrically coupled CVI,where the pores joint their boundaries to form the carbon body a net structure.Some micro pores,which sized 0-0.08 mm~3 and scattered dispersed in the body,were left after several resin infiltration and carbonization cycles.The tensile strength is a little higher,but the fracture strain is increased by 118% at 2 800℃ than that at room temperature,which mean that the material possesses abnormal non-liner fracture behavior.The liner ablation rate is 0.077 mm/s for the material in a scaling solid motor.There are different ablation mechanisms for different throat parts:there are severe stagnations ablation at the convergent part which caused the honeycomb ablation dots,while the throat and divergent part have smooth ablation surfaces.
Fine weave pierced C/C throat was fabricated using electrically coupled chemical vapour impregnation(CVI)process together with resin infiltration and carbonization method.The pore size of fine weave pierced preform at different densification stages was characterized byμ-CT.Tensile properties of the samples at 2 800℃ and the ablation behaviors of the scaling down motor were also discussed.The results show that pores are located in between the fiber bundles in the material after the electrically coupled CVI,where the pores joint their boundaries to form the carbon body a net structure.Some micro pores,which sized 0-0.08 mm~3 and scattered dispersed in the body,were left after several resin infiltration and carbonization cycles.The tensile strength is a little higher,but the fracture strain is increased by 118% at 2 800℃ than that at room temperature,which mean that the material possesses abnormal non-liner fracture behavior.The liner ablation rate is 0.077 mm/s for the material in a scaling solid motor.There are different ablation mechanisms for different throat parts:there are severe stagnations ablation at the convergent part which caused the honeycomb ablation dots,while the throat and divergent part have smooth ablation surfaces.
引文
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[3]LACROIX R,FOURNET R,ZIEGLER-DEVIN I,et al.Kinetic modeling of surface reactions involved in CVI of pyrocarbon obtained by propane pyrolysis[J].Carbon,2010,48(1):132-144.
[4]WU Xiaojun,CHENG Wen,QIAO Shengru,et al.Fast densification of thick-walled C/C composite tubes using electrically coupled chemical vapor infiltration[J].Carbon,2013,57(3):371-379.
[5]闫桂沈,李贺军,张守阳,等.热梯度CVI动力学过程的探讨[J].复合材料学报,2003,20(2):67-70.YAN G S,LI H J,ZHANG S Y,et al.Densification mechanism of preform with thermal gradient CVI[J].Acta Materiae Composite Sinica,2003,20(2):67-70(in Chinese).
[6]谢志勇,黄启忠,苏哲安,等.耦合物理场CVI制备C/C复合材料及其机理[J].无机材料学报,2005,20(5):1201-1207.XIE Z Y,HUANG Q Z,SU Z A,et al.Preparation of C/C composites by CVI with multi-factor coupling physical fields and deposition mechanism[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2005,20(5):1201-1207(in Chinese).
[7]吴小军.电耦合CVI致密厚壁C/C材料的工艺机理及性能[D].西安:西北工业大学,2013.WU X J.Fabrication process and properties of thick-walled C/C composites using electrically coupled chemical vapor infiltration[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2013(in Chinese).
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[9]解惠贞,崔红,李瑞珍,等.穿刺结构参数对C/C复合材料拉伸性能的影响[J].固体火箭技术,2015,38(1):107-110.XIE H Z,CUI H,LI R Z,et al.Influence of punctured structure parameters on tensile performance of C/C composite[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2015,38(1):107-110(in Chinese).
[10]黄海明,杜善义,吴林志,等.C/C复合材料烧蚀性能分析[J].复合材料学报,2001,18(3):66-70.HUANG H M,DU S Y,WU L Z,et al.Ablation properties of C/C composites[J].Acta Materiae Composite Sinica,2001,18(3):66-70(in Chinese).
[11]中国电工技术学会碳-石墨材料专业委员会.第18届碳-石墨材料学术会论文集[C].西安:[出版社不详]2000.A carbon graphite materials professional committee of China electrotechnical society.The eighteenth carbon graphite material academic society[C].Xi’an:[s.n.](in Chinese).
[12]苏君明,周绍建,李瑞珍,等.工程应用C/C复合材料的性能分析与展望[J].新型碳材料,2015,30(2):106-113.SU J M,ZHOU S J,LI R Z,et al.A review of carbon-carbon composites for engineering applications[J].New Carbon Materials,2015,30(2):106-113(in Chinese).
[13]孟松鹤,陈妮,许承海.多向编织C/C复合材料烧蚀性能[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(3):393-397.MENG S H,CHEN N,XU C H.Ablative performance of3Dcarbon/carbon composites[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(3):393-397(in Chinese).
[14]KRENKEL W.Ceramic matrix composites:Fiber reinforced ceramics and their applications[M].Berlin:Wiley-Vch Verlag Gmbh&Co.Kga.,2008:73-80.
[15]孙乐民,李贺军,张守阳.沥青基C/C复合材料的弯曲断裂特征[J].新型碳材料,2001,16(3):28-31.SUN L M,LI H J,ZHANG S Y.Fracture characteristics of pitch based C/C composites[J].New Carbon Materials,2001,16(3):28-31(in Chinese).
[16]吴小军,乔生儒,程文,等.软硬混编预制体增强沥青基4DC/C复合材料的拉伸破坏行为研究[J].新型碳材料,2013,28(4):300-306.WU X J,QIAO S R,CHENG W,et al.Tensile properties of 4D braided C/C composites produced from carbon fiber bundles and carbon rods[J].New Carbon Materials,2013,28(4):300-306(in Chinese).
[17]刘建军,苏君明,陈长乐.C/C复合材料烧蚀性能影响因素分析[J].碳素,2003(2):15-19.LIU J J,SU J M,CHEN C L.Analysis of influencing factors on ablation properties of C/C composites[J].Carbon,2003(2):15-19(in Chinses).
[18]AIAA.Prediction of mechanical erosion of high temperature ablatives in the SSRM facility[J].Aerospace Sciences Meeting&Exhibit,1995,37(7):617-619.