基于生态足迹的湖南省洞庭湖生态经济区全要素生态效率研究
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摘要
以2005—2015年湖南省洞庭湖生态经济区3市25个县(市、区)为研究对象,运用"省公顷"模型计算生态足迹,作为生态投入要素,与资本、劳动力共同纳入全要素生态效率框架,运用包含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型,测算区域全要素生态效率;结合Malmquist指数及投入产出松弛率,探析效率变化成因及改进方向。研究结果表明:①区域全要素生态效率为弱有效水平,且空间差异显著;经历先恶化后改善、最后趋稳的过程,市级特征趋同,县级差异较大,仅8个保持稳定或较高水平。②2012—2015年全区的效率提升速度加快,技术效率变化、技术进步变化交错推动效率提升,2014—2015年实现同步推动作用。③劳动力投入和生态投入冗余明显,资本投入冗余不显著,期望产出不足和非期望产出过量的情况不显著。因此,政策上建议加强区域资源整合和环境规制,调整产业及能源结构。
The paper describes a framework for the analysis of total-factor ecological efficiency of Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone in Hunan Province(the Zone for short). Taking 25 counties(county-level cities, districts)in 2005-2015 as research object, the study applies the ecological footprint model based on sub-national hectare, takes capital and labor as input indicators and calculates regional total-factor eco-efficiency by the method of SE-SBM model which is embedded with undesired output. It analyzes the cause of efficiency change and further improvement on the basis of Malmquist index and input-output relaxation rate. The results show: 1) total-factor eco-efficiency of the Zone which is close to effective level with significant spatial differences presents the fluctuating characteristic that it gets worse before it gets better and finally reaches a steady state, demonstrating a similar trend among three prefecture-level cities and a significant difference at county level which 8 counties(county-level cities, districts) remain stable or relatively high level; 2) eco-efficiency shows a strong growth during 2012 and 2015, technical efficiency change and technical change have alternatively promoted the productivity and synchronously propelled efficiency growth in 2014-2015; 3)Redundancy of labor input and ecological input is obvious, while capital input redundancy, expected output insufficiency and undesired output excess are not significant. Thus policy suggestions include regional resources integration, environmental regulations strengthening, adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure, etc.
The paper describes a framework for the analysis of total-factor ecological efficiency of Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone in Hunan Province(the Zone for short). Taking 25 counties(county-level cities, districts)in 2005-2015 as research object, the study applies the ecological footprint model based on sub-national hectare, takes capital and labor as input indicators and calculates regional total-factor eco-efficiency by the method of SE-SBM model which is embedded with undesired output. It analyzes the cause of efficiency change and further improvement on the basis of Malmquist index and input-output relaxation rate. The results show: 1) total-factor eco-efficiency of the Zone which is close to effective level with significant spatial differences presents the fluctuating characteristic that it gets worse before it gets better and finally reaches a steady state, demonstrating a similar trend among three prefecture-level cities and a significant difference at county level which 8 counties(county-level cities, districts) remain stable or relatively high level; 2) eco-efficiency shows a strong growth during 2012 and 2015, technical efficiency change and technical change have alternatively promoted the productivity and synchronously propelled efficiency growth in 2014-2015; 3)Redundancy of labor input and ecological input is obvious, while capital input redundancy, expected output insufficiency and undesired output excess are not significant. Thus policy suggestions include regional resources integration, environmental regulations strengthening, adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure, etc.
引文
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[13]刘心,李淑敏.基于非期望产出SBM模型的中国各省份能源效率的实证分析[J].数学的实践与认识,2015,45(2):35-43.
[14]付丽娜,陈晓红,冷智花.基于超效率DEA模型的城市群生态效率研究——以长株潭“3+5”城市群为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):169-175.
[15]李健,邓传霞,张松涛.基于非参数距离函数法的区域生态效率评价及动态分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):19-23.
[16]张恒义,刘卫东,王世忠,等.“省公顷”生态足迹模型中均衡因子及产量因子的计算——以浙江省为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(1):82-92.
[17] Malmquist S. Index numbers and indifference surfaces[J].Trabajos De Estadistica,1953,4(2):209-242.
[18] R F?Re,S Grosskopf,B Lindgren,et al. Productivity Changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989:A Non-Parametric Malmquist Approach[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992,3(1-2):85-101.
[19]柯善咨,向娟. 1996—2009年中国城市固定资本存量估算[J].统计研究,2012,29(7):19-24.
[2]孙欣,赵鑫.长江经济带生态全要素生产率评价及协调性分析[J].湖州师范学院学报,2016,38(7):1-9.
[3]肖攀,李连友,唐李伟,等.中国城市环境全要素生产率及其影响因素分析[J].管理学报,2013,10(11):1 681-1 689.
[4]胡姚雨.基于生态足迹视角的中国全要素生态效率研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[5]史丹,王俊杰.基于生态足迹的中国生态压力与生态效率测度与评价[J].中国工业经济,2016(5):5-21.
[6]黄和平,胡晴,乔学忠.基于绿色GDP和生态足迹的江西省生态效率动态变化研究[J].生态学报,2018(15):1-11.
[7]郭露,徐诗倩.基于超效率DEA的工业生态效率——以中部六省2003—2013年数据为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(6):116-121.
[8]冯杰,张世秋.基于DEA方法的我国省际绿色全要素生产率评估——不同模型选择的差异性探析[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(1):151-159.
[9]杜嘉敏.基于超效率DEA的中国省际能源效率评价[J].生态经济,2015,31(7):51-55.
[10] Tone K. A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2001,130(3):498-509.
[11] Tone K. Dealing with undesirable outputs in DEA:A slacksbased measure(SBM)approach[EB/OL]. http://scienedlinks.jp/east,2007-04-01.
[12] Andersen P,Petersen N C. A Procedure for Ranking Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis[J]. Management Science,1993,39(10):1 261-1 264.
[13]刘心,李淑敏.基于非期望产出SBM模型的中国各省份能源效率的实证分析[J].数学的实践与认识,2015,45(2):35-43.
[14]付丽娜,陈晓红,冷智花.基于超效率DEA模型的城市群生态效率研究——以长株潭“3+5”城市群为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):169-175.
[15]李健,邓传霞,张松涛.基于非参数距离函数法的区域生态效率评价及动态分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):19-23.
[16]张恒义,刘卫东,王世忠,等.“省公顷”生态足迹模型中均衡因子及产量因子的计算——以浙江省为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(1):82-92.
[17] Malmquist S. Index numbers and indifference surfaces[J].Trabajos De Estadistica,1953,4(2):209-242.
[18] R F?Re,S Grosskopf,B Lindgren,et al. Productivity Changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989:A Non-Parametric Malmquist Approach[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992,3(1-2):85-101.
[19]柯善咨,向娟. 1996—2009年中国城市固定资本存量估算[J].统计研究,2012,29(7):19-24.