1977—2011年湖南省人体舒适度指数时空变化特征
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摘要
为定量研究湖南省人体舒适度指数时空变化特征,选取湖南省32个国家级气象观测站1977—2011年逐日气象数据,计算湖南省人体舒适度指数和不同舒适度等级日数气候特征及气候倾向率,采用反距离权重法进行空间插值分析,并利用Mann-Kendall法进行趋势检验和突变检测。结果表明:(1)湖南省人体舒适度级别主要以舒适为主,湘西南和湘东南地区最舒适,湘中地区最不舒适,最舒适的月份是5月和10月,最热不舒适的月份是7月和8月,最冷不舒适的月份是1月,寒冷等级和炎热等级日数极少,无酷热情况出现;(2)湖南人体舒适度指数数值上升趋势显著,冷不舒适级别日数显著减少,舒适级别和热不舒适级别日数在增加;(3)各级别舒适度日数变化最小的地区是湘西北,湘北和湘中地区由冷不舒适级别向舒适级别转变和舒适级别向热不舒适级别转变并重,湘西南和湘东南地区由冷不舒适级别向舒适级别转变显著;(4)湖南人体舒适度指数平均数值的显著增加和冷不舒适级别日数显著减少均属于突变现象,突变发生在20世纪90年代以后,21世纪初开始变化尤为显著。
To quantitatively study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of human comfort index in Hunan, daily meteorological data of 32 national meteorological stations in the province from 1977 to 2011 were selected to calculate the human comfort index and the climate characteristics and climatic tendency rates of different comfort level days, the inverse distance weight method was used for spatial interpolation analysis, and Mann-Kendall method was used for trend test and abrupt change detection. The results showed that:(1) comfort was the main human comfort level in Hunan, southwest and southeast Hunan were the most comfortable areas,central Hunan was the least comfortable area, May and October were the most comfortable months, July and August were the most uncomfortable hot months, January was the most uncomfortable cold month, there was few days reaching frigid level and torridity level, no extremely hot weather;(2) the human comfort index value in Hunan rose significantly, the days of uncomfortably cold level decreased significantly, while the days of comfortable level and uncomfortably hot level increased;(3) comfort days of all levels changed the minimum in northwest Hunan, chances of changes from uncomfortably cold level to comfortable level and from comfortable level to uncomfortably hot level in north Hunan and central Hunan were equal, changes from uncomfortably cold level to comfortable level were significant in southwest and southeast Hunan;(4) the significant increase of average human comfort index value and the significant decrease of days of uncomfortably cold level in Hunan were mutations, which occurred later in the 1990 s and became especially significant at the beginning of the 21 st century.
To quantitatively study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of human comfort index in Hunan, daily meteorological data of 32 national meteorological stations in the province from 1977 to 2011 were selected to calculate the human comfort index and the climate characteristics and climatic tendency rates of different comfort level days, the inverse distance weight method was used for spatial interpolation analysis, and Mann-Kendall method was used for trend test and abrupt change detection. The results showed that:(1) comfort was the main human comfort level in Hunan, southwest and southeast Hunan were the most comfortable areas,central Hunan was the least comfortable area, May and October were the most comfortable months, July and August were the most uncomfortable hot months, January was the most uncomfortable cold month, there was few days reaching frigid level and torridity level, no extremely hot weather;(2) the human comfort index value in Hunan rose significantly, the days of uncomfortably cold level decreased significantly, while the days of comfortable level and uncomfortably hot level increased;(3) comfort days of all levels changed the minimum in northwest Hunan, chances of changes from uncomfortably cold level to comfortable level and from comfortable level to uncomfortably hot level in north Hunan and central Hunan were equal, changes from uncomfortably cold level to comfortable level were significant in southwest and southeast Hunan;(4) the significant increase of average human comfort index value and the significant decrease of days of uncomfortably cold level in Hunan were mutations, which occurred later in the 1990 s and became especially significant at the beginning of the 21 st century.
引文
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[14]郑有飞,尹继福,吴荣军,等.热气候指数在人体舒适度预报中的适用性[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(06):709-715.
[15]唐进时,申双和,华荣强,等.热气候指数评价中国南方城市夏季舒适度[J].气象科学,2015,35(06):769-774.
[16]吴兑.多种人体舒适度预报公式讨论[J].气象科技,2003(06):370-372.
[17]张志蔽,孙宏,蒋薇,等.南京地区人体舒适度及其与居民循环系统疾病死亡关系的研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(1):67-73.
[18]谢伯军.湖南省人居环境气候适宜性时空格局研究[J].湖南工业大学学报,2012,26(05):5-11.
[19]辛学飞,韩琳,黄骏,等.两种人体舒适度评定方法在张家界国家森林公园的对比应用及检验[J].高原山地气象研究,2015,35(04):76-80.
[20]张甜,王嘉佩,田守丽,等.重庆市巴南区气象观测站迁站前后气象资料均一性检测及订正[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,43(09):131-142.
[21]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
[22]章诞武,丛振涛,倪广恒.基于中国气象资料的趋势检验方法对比分析[J].水科学进展,2013,24(04):490-496.
[23]姜燕敏,吴昊旻,杨爱琴,等.丽水市四季起始日期的气候演变特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(06):58-62.
[24]牟乃夏,刘文宝,王海银,等. ArcGIS 10地理信息系统教程[M].北京:测绘出版社,2012.
[25]张剑明,黄晴.近46a来湖南省气温变化的若干特点[J].干旱气象,2012,30(03):387-392,403.
[26]尹文娟,潘志华,潘宇鹰,等.中国大陆人居环境气候舒适度变化特征研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(S1):5-8.
[2]程庚福,曾申江.湖南天气及其预报[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.
[3]李玉姣,杨云洁,张滨,等.不同天气条件下温湿对室内外人体舒适度的影响[J].气象科技,2015,43(06):1197-1202.
[4]郭广,张静,马守存,等.1961-2010年青海省人体舒适度指数时空分布特征[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(03):845-854.
[5] Burton A C, Snyder R A, Leach W G, et al. Damp cold vs. dry cold.specific effects of humidity on heat exchange of unclothed man[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1955,8(3):269-278.
[6]韩玮,苏敬,王琳.长江三角洲城市发展与人体舒适度的关系[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(03):380-384.
[7]李树岩,马志红,许蓬蓬.河南省人体舒适度气候指数分析[J].气象与环境科学,2007(04):49-53.
[8]杨成芳,薛德强,李长军.山东省人体舒适度区域特征研究[J].气象,2004(10):7-11.
[9]贾海源,陆登荣.甘肃省人体舒适度地域分布特征研究[J].干旱气象,2010,28(04):449-454.
[10]刘文平,刘月丽,安炜,等.山西省近48a来人体舒适度变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(03):92-95.
[11]曹永强,高璐,王学凤.近30年辽宁省夏季人体舒适度区域特征分析[J].地理科学,2016,36(08):1205-1211.
[12]吴滨,杨丽慧,刘京雄.基于不同温湿条件的福州市人体舒适度变化研究[J].气象科技,2015,43(06):1192-1196.
[13]王学林,靳青春,祝颂,等.气候变化背景下江南地区人体舒适度时空分布特征[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(16):129-136.
[14]郑有飞,尹继福,吴荣军,等.热气候指数在人体舒适度预报中的适用性[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(06):709-715.
[15]唐进时,申双和,华荣强,等.热气候指数评价中国南方城市夏季舒适度[J].气象科学,2015,35(06):769-774.
[16]吴兑.多种人体舒适度预报公式讨论[J].气象科技,2003(06):370-372.
[17]张志蔽,孙宏,蒋薇,等.南京地区人体舒适度及其与居民循环系统疾病死亡关系的研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(1):67-73.
[18]谢伯军.湖南省人居环境气候适宜性时空格局研究[J].湖南工业大学学报,2012,26(05):5-11.
[19]辛学飞,韩琳,黄骏,等.两种人体舒适度评定方法在张家界国家森林公园的对比应用及检验[J].高原山地气象研究,2015,35(04):76-80.
[20]张甜,王嘉佩,田守丽,等.重庆市巴南区气象观测站迁站前后气象资料均一性检测及订正[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,43(09):131-142.
[21]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
[22]章诞武,丛振涛,倪广恒.基于中国气象资料的趋势检验方法对比分析[J].水科学进展,2013,24(04):490-496.
[23]姜燕敏,吴昊旻,杨爱琴,等.丽水市四季起始日期的气候演变特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(06):58-62.
[24]牟乃夏,刘文宝,王海银,等. ArcGIS 10地理信息系统教程[M].北京:测绘出版社,2012.
[25]张剑明,黄晴.近46a来湖南省气温变化的若干特点[J].干旱气象,2012,30(03):387-392,403.
[26]尹文娟,潘志华,潘宇鹰,等.中国大陆人居环境气候舒适度变化特征研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(S1):5-8.