农田土壤机械压实修复研究
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摘要
农田土壤机械压实是由机械作业引起的土壤结构破坏,导致土壤质量下降,具有累积效果。通过农机技术对压实土壤进行修复,可以改善土壤三相比,提高土壤质量。深松耕地土壤容重降低15.62%,土壤孔隙度提高7.7个百分点,孔隙比提高36.51%;土壤含水量正常年份可提高0.99个百分点,干旱季节可提高1.22个百分点,而多雨季节则降低0.8个百分点;土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别提高21.4%、18.04%、12.6%。除应用农机技术外,还可以使用农艺技术对压实土壤进行修复,通过增加土壤有机质含量、作物合理轮作等降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,修复土壤压实。
Mechanical soil compaction was due to the destruction of soil structure caused by mechanized operations,which resulted in the decline of soil quality with cumulative effects.Through the restoration to original state of compacted soil,the soil three phase ratio and soil quality could be improved by agricultural machinery techniques.By subsoiling the soil bulk density was reduced by 15.62%,soil porosity increased by 7.7percentage points,pore ratio increased by 36.51%,soil water content could be raised by 0.99 percentage points in normal year,increased by 1.22 percentage points in dry season and reduced by 0.8percentage points in rainy season,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 21.4%,18.04%,12.6%respectively.In addition to the application of agricultural machinery technology,agronomic technology could be used to repair the compacted soil.Soil compaction could be restored to original state,soil bulk density could be reduced,soil porosity could be improved by increasing the soil organic matter content and crops rational rotation.
Mechanical soil compaction was due to the destruction of soil structure caused by mechanized operations,which resulted in the decline of soil quality with cumulative effects.Through the restoration to original state of compacted soil,the soil three phase ratio and soil quality could be improved by agricultural machinery techniques.By subsoiling the soil bulk density was reduced by 15.62%,soil porosity increased by 7.7percentage points,pore ratio increased by 36.51%,soil water content could be raised by 0.99 percentage points in normal year,increased by 1.22 percentage points in dry season and reduced by 0.8percentage points in rainy season,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 21.4%,18.04%,12.6%respectively.In addition to the application of agricultural machinery technology,agronomic technology could be used to repair the compacted soil.Soil compaction could be restored to original state,soil bulk density could be reduced,soil porosity could be improved by increasing the soil organic matter content and crops rational rotation.
引文
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[15]Pendelton R A.Soil compaction and tillage operations effect on sugar beet root distribution and seed yields[J].Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists,1950,6:278-285.
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[17]王恩姮,柴亚凡,陈祥伟.大型机械作业队黑土区耕地土壤结构性特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):351-356.
[18]Dawidowski J B,Koolen A J.Changes of soil water suction,conductivity and dry stresses caused by heavy vehicles[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1987,9(2):169-180.
[19]Mathers A C,Wilson G C,Schneider A D,et al.Sugarbeet response to deep tillage,nitrogen,and phosphorus on Pullman clay loam[J].Agronomy Journal,1971,63(3):474-477.
[20]Mosaddeghi M R,Hajabbasi M A,Hemmat A,et al.Soil compactibility as affected by soil moisture content and farmyard manure in central Iran[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2000,55(1-2):87-97.
[21]Reddy M S.Effects of soil amendments on the hardening of red sandy loams(chalka soils)of Andhra Pradesh[J].Annals of Agricultural Research,1991,12:174-176.
[22]Singh K K,Gyatri Verma,Verma G.Effect of soil compaction on physical properties of loamy sand soil and yield of groundnut[J].Research on Crops,2001,2(2):145-147.
[23]Kirkegaard J A,Troedson R J,So H B,et al.The effect of compaction on the growth of pigeonpea on clay soils.II.Mechanisms of crop response and seasonal effects on an oxisol in a humid coastal environment[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1992,24(2):129-147.
[24]Ishaq M,Ibrahim M,Hassan A,et al.Subsoil compaction effects on crops in Punjab,Pakistan:II.Root growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and sorghum[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2001,60:153-161.
[25]Hamza M A,Anderson W K.Soil compaction in cropping systems:A review of the nature,causes and possible solutions[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2005,82(2):121-145.
[2]孙忠英,李宝筏.农业机器行走装置对土壤压实作用的研究[J].农业机械学报,1998,29(3):172-174.
[3]杨晓娟,李春俭.机械压实对土壤质量、作物生长、土壤生物及环境的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):2008-2015.Yang Xiaojuan,Li Chunjian.Impacts of mechanical compaction on soil properties,growth of crops,soil-borne organisms and environment[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(7):2008-2015.
[4]周艳丽,卢秉福.农田机械压实对土壤物理特性的影响[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(9):66-70.Zhou Yanli,Lu Bingfu.Influence on soil physical properties for farmland mechanical compaction[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(9):66-70.
[5]Soane B D,Ouwerkerk C V.Soil compaction problems in world agriculture[M].Elsevier Science Publishers,1994.
[6]Silva V R,Reinert D J,Reichert J M.Soil strength as affected by combine wheel traffic and two soil tillage systems[J].Cien-cia Rural,2000,30:795-801.
[7]Medvedev V V,Cybulko W G.Soil criteria for assessing the maximum permissible ground pressure of agricultural vehicles on Chernozem soils[J].Soil&Tillage Research,1995,36(3-4):153-164.
[8]袁军,王景立.自激振动深松机研究现状分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(9):11-15.Yuan Jun,Wang Jingli.Research status of self-excited vibration subsoiler[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(9):11-15.
[9]左胜甲,孔德刚,汉语,等.气压深松技术研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(6):99-103.Zuo Shengjia,Kong Degang,Han Yu,et al.Research status and development trend of pneumatic subsoiling technology[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(6):99-103.
[10]张娟利,韩文霆,师帅兵,等.农业机械对土壤压实的试验研究[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2011,38(3):6-7,10.
[11]李汝莘,林成厚,高焕文,等.小四轮拖拉机土壤压实的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(1):126-129.
[12]张鲁云,郑炫,何兴村.浅翻深松犁性能试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(8):17-20.
[13]Berry E C.Influence of soil compaction on carbon and nitrogen mineralization of soil organic matter and crop residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,30(5-6):544-549.
[14]Singh B P,Sainju U M.Soil physical and morphological properties and root growth[J].HortScience,1998,33(6):966-971.
[15]Pendelton R A.Soil compaction and tillage operations effect on sugar beet root distribution and seed yields[J].Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists,1950,6:278-285.
[16]卢秉福,周艳丽,耿贵.土壤机械压实与甜菜生长研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):35-39.
[17]王恩姮,柴亚凡,陈祥伟.大型机械作业队黑土区耕地土壤结构性特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):351-356.
[18]Dawidowski J B,Koolen A J.Changes of soil water suction,conductivity and dry stresses caused by heavy vehicles[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1987,9(2):169-180.
[19]Mathers A C,Wilson G C,Schneider A D,et al.Sugarbeet response to deep tillage,nitrogen,and phosphorus on Pullman clay loam[J].Agronomy Journal,1971,63(3):474-477.
[20]Mosaddeghi M R,Hajabbasi M A,Hemmat A,et al.Soil compactibility as affected by soil moisture content and farmyard manure in central Iran[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2000,55(1-2):87-97.
[21]Reddy M S.Effects of soil amendments on the hardening of red sandy loams(chalka soils)of Andhra Pradesh[J].Annals of Agricultural Research,1991,12:174-176.
[22]Singh K K,Gyatri Verma,Verma G.Effect of soil compaction on physical properties of loamy sand soil and yield of groundnut[J].Research on Crops,2001,2(2):145-147.
[23]Kirkegaard J A,Troedson R J,So H B,et al.The effect of compaction on the growth of pigeonpea on clay soils.II.Mechanisms of crop response and seasonal effects on an oxisol in a humid coastal environment[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1992,24(2):129-147.
[24]Ishaq M,Ibrahim M,Hassan A,et al.Subsoil compaction effects on crops in Punjab,Pakistan:II.Root growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and sorghum[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2001,60:153-161.
[25]Hamza M A,Anderson W K.Soil compaction in cropping systems:A review of the nature,causes and possible solutions[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2005,82(2):121-145.