中国部分大学生网络欺凌行为发生现状调查分析
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摘要
目的:探讨我国部分大学生网络欺凌行为发生现状和相关影响因素,为新时代下提高学生健康网络行为、促进身心健康全面发展提供科学依据。方法:2015年1月15日—3月5日对全国27个省、自治区和直辖市部分在校大学生进行社交网络使用情况调查,以有效调查问卷781份作为样本。社交网络使用情况问卷内容包括:一般人口学信息、社交网络使用情况、网络欺凌行为和心理学量表。根据网络欺凌行为参与及实施情况,将样本分为网络欺凌行为仅受害者组、仅施害者组和受害-施害者组。采用χ2检验分析各组大学生网络欺凌行为发生率;采用Mann-Whitney秩和检验分析不同年龄分段、登陆社交网络频率、在社交网络上的活动时间、熟人所占的比例及朋友人数等级资料各组网络欺凌发生率。结果:研究对象781人中,306人(39.18%)参与过网络欺凌,其中53人(17.32%)实施过网络欺凌行为,111人(36.27%)受到过网络欺凌,142人(46.41%)既是受害者也是施害者。416人(53.27%)存在自我同一性危机,419人(53.65%)对生活不满意。男性、来自西部地区、社交网络登陆频率≥2次、自我同一性危机和生活满意度是网络欺凌行为发生的独立危险因素(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.97~3.83;OR=3.09,95%CI:1.88~5.07;OR=3.22,95%CI:1.14~9.08;OR=1.55,95%CI:1.11~2.16;OR=1.47,95%CI:1.05~2.06)。结论:我国大学生网络欺凌行为发生率较高,加强大学生网络使用管理,改善其心理健康水平可能对减少网络欺凌行为发生具有重要意义。
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying and related influencing factors in some college students in China,and to provide scientific basis for improving healthy network behaviors and promote college students' physical and mental health.Methods:A cross-sectional study from 15 January to 5 March in2015 was performed in order to collect the information of social networking site usage of some college students in27 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities.781 questionnaires were effective and used as the samples in the research. The questionnaire contained demographic information,social networking site situation,cyberbullying and psychological scale.According to the cyberbullying situation,all of the samples were divided in to cyberbully-only group,cybervictim-only group,and cyberbully-victim group.The incidence of cyberbullying of the college students in various groups was analyzed withχ2 test.Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the incidence of cyberbullying of the students with different ages,frequency of logging in social networks,time spending on social networks,proportion of acquaintances,and number of friends.Results:In the total781 samples,306students(39.18%)participated in the cyberbullying.53students(17.32%)had cyberbullying only,and 111students(36.27%)were cybervictims only,and 142students(46.41%)were cyberbully-victims.416students(53.27%)had identity crisis,and 419students(53.65%)were not satisfied with their lives.The male,coming from west region,more than 2times per day of using social networking sites,identity crisis,and satisfaction with life were the independent influencing factors of cyberbullying(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.97-3.83;OR=3.09,95%CI:1.883-5.07;OR=3.22,95%CI:1.14-9.08;OR=1.55,95%CI:1.11-2.16;OR=1.47,95%CI:1.05-2.06).Conclusion:The incidence of cyberbullying in some college students in China is high.In order to reduce the cyberbullying,strengthening the management of college student's internet usage and improving their psychological health level are of great significance.
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying and related influencing factors in some college students in China,and to provide scientific basis for improving healthy network behaviors and promote college students' physical and mental health.Methods:A cross-sectional study from 15 January to 5 March in2015 was performed in order to collect the information of social networking site usage of some college students in27 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities.781 questionnaires were effective and used as the samples in the research. The questionnaire contained demographic information,social networking site situation,cyberbullying and psychological scale.According to the cyberbullying situation,all of the samples were divided in to cyberbully-only group,cybervictim-only group,and cyberbully-victim group.The incidence of cyberbullying of the college students in various groups was analyzed withχ2 test.Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the incidence of cyberbullying of the students with different ages,frequency of logging in social networks,time spending on social networks,proportion of acquaintances,and number of friends.Results:In the total781 samples,306students(39.18%)participated in the cyberbullying.53students(17.32%)had cyberbullying only,and 111students(36.27%)were cybervictims only,and 142students(46.41%)were cyberbully-victims.416students(53.27%)had identity crisis,and 419students(53.65%)were not satisfied with their lives.The male,coming from west region,more than 2times per day of using social networking sites,identity crisis,and satisfaction with life were the independent influencing factors of cyberbullying(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.97-3.83;OR=3.09,95%CI:1.883-5.07;OR=3.22,95%CI:1.14-9.08;OR=1.55,95%CI:1.11-2.16;OR=1.47,95%CI:1.05-2.06).Conclusion:The incidence of cyberbullying in some college students in China is high.In order to reduce the cyberbullying,strengthening the management of college student's internet usage and improving their psychological health level are of great significance.
引文
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[16]Faye M,Charlene C,Tahany G,et al.Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students[J].Am J Orthopsychiat,2010,80(3):362-374.
[17]Qing LI.Cyberbullying in schools:A research of gender differences[J].Sch Psychol Int,2006,27(2):157-170.
[18]张蕾蕾,朱琳,荣峰,等.高职学生网络欺凌与睡眠障碍的关联[J],中国学校卫生,2015,36(2):281-284.
[19]Hinduja S,Patchin JW.Cyberbullying:An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization[J].Deviant Behav,2008,29(2):129-156.
[20]郭金山.同一性的自我追求-大学生自我同一性的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2002.
[21]韩晓峰,郭金山.论自我同一性概念的整合[J].心理学探新,2004,24(2):7-11.
[22]Orlofsky JL,Marcia,JE,Lesser IM.Ego identity status and the intimacy versus isolation crisis of young adulthood[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,1973,27(2):211-219.
[23]Gerald RA,Judy S,Steven AF.Toward the development of an objective assessment of ego-identity status[J].J Youth Adolesc,1979,8(2):223-237.
[24]Cramer P.Identity,narcissism,and defense mechanisms in late adolescence[J].J Res Pers,1995,29(3):341-361.
[25]陈猛.互联网使用、自我认同与青少年心理健康[D].北京:首都师范大学,2005.
[26]Shin DC,Johnson DM.Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life[J].Soc Indic Res,1978,5(1):475-492.
[27]沈会军.初中一年级学生被欺凌行为、学校生活满意度、旷课之间的关系研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2013.
[28]梁光明.大学生心智觉知与无聊、生活满意度的关系研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.
[2]Patchin JW,Hinduja S.Bullies move beyond the schoolyard:A preliminary look at cyberbullying[J].Youth Violence Juv Justice,2006,4:148-169.
[3]Kowalski RM,Limber SP.Electronic bullying among middle school students[J].J Adolesc Health,2007,41(6):S22-S30.
[4]Li Q.New bottle but old wine:A research of cyber-bullying in schools[J].Comput Human Behav,2007,23(4):1777-1791.
[5]Willard N.Off-campus,harmful online student speech[J].J Sch Violence,2003,2(1):65-93.
[6]Stover D.Treating cyber-bullying as a school violence issue[J].Edu Digest,2006,72:40-42.
[7]Ybarra ML,Mitchell KJ,Wolak J,et al.Examining characteristics and associated distress related to internet harassment:Findings from the Second Youth Internet Safety Survey[J].Pediatrics,2006,118(4):e1169-e1177.
[8]Brewer G,Kerslake J.Cyberbullying,self-esteem,empathy and loneliness[J].Comput Human Behav,2015,48:255-260.
[9]Hinduja S,Patchin JW.Bullying,cyberbullying,and suicide[J].Arch Suicide Res,2010,14(3):206-221.
[10]Sampasa-Kanyinga H,Roumeliotis P,Xu H.Associations between cyberbullying and school bullying victimization and suicidal ideation,plans and attempts among Canadian schoolchildren[J].PLoS One,2014,9(7):1-9.
[11]Shaheen S.Cyber dilemmas:balancing free expression and learning in the virtual school environment[J].The Learner Collection,2006,12(4):269-278.
[12]Rigby K,Slee PT.Dimensions of interpersonal relating among Australian school children and their implications for psychological well-being[J].J Soc Psychol,1993,133(1):33-42.
[13]Mishna F,Khoury-Kassabri M,Gadalla T,et al.Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying:Victims,bullies and bully-victims[J].Child Youth Serv Rev,2012,34(1):63-70.
[14]Hetherington EM,Parke RD.Child psychology:A contemporary viewpoint[M].5th ed.New York:McGrawHill College,1999:758.
[15]Sourander A,Brunstein Klomek A,Ikonen M,et al.Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents:A population-based study[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,2010,67(7):720-728.
[16]Faye M,Charlene C,Tahany G,et al.Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students[J].Am J Orthopsychiat,2010,80(3):362-374.
[17]Qing LI.Cyberbullying in schools:A research of gender differences[J].Sch Psychol Int,2006,27(2):157-170.
[18]张蕾蕾,朱琳,荣峰,等.高职学生网络欺凌与睡眠障碍的关联[J],中国学校卫生,2015,36(2):281-284.
[19]Hinduja S,Patchin JW.Cyberbullying:An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization[J].Deviant Behav,2008,29(2):129-156.
[20]郭金山.同一性的自我追求-大学生自我同一性的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2002.
[21]韩晓峰,郭金山.论自我同一性概念的整合[J].心理学探新,2004,24(2):7-11.
[22]Orlofsky JL,Marcia,JE,Lesser IM.Ego identity status and the intimacy versus isolation crisis of young adulthood[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,1973,27(2):211-219.
[23]Gerald RA,Judy S,Steven AF.Toward the development of an objective assessment of ego-identity status[J].J Youth Adolesc,1979,8(2):223-237.
[24]Cramer P.Identity,narcissism,and defense mechanisms in late adolescence[J].J Res Pers,1995,29(3):341-361.
[25]陈猛.互联网使用、自我认同与青少年心理健康[D].北京:首都师范大学,2005.
[26]Shin DC,Johnson DM.Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life[J].Soc Indic Res,1978,5(1):475-492.
[27]沈会军.初中一年级学生被欺凌行为、学校生活满意度、旷课之间的关系研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2013.
[28]梁光明.大学生心智觉知与无聊、生活满意度的关系研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.