口虾蛄幼体开口饵料及早期生长的初步研究
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摘要
【目的】研究不同开口饵料对口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)幼体存活和生长的影响。【方法】选用轮虫、轮虫+卤虫无节幼体、卤虫无节幼体、枝角类、小球藻等为开口饵料培养口虾蛄幼体20d。用卤虫无节幼体作为单一饵料进行口虾蛄幼体的早期生长研究。【结果】幼体开口后6 d(Z4期),单独投喂小球藻、轮虫、枝角类的口虾蛄幼体成活率为0%,而投喂轮虫+卤虫无节幼体、卤虫无节幼体的口虾蛄幼体成活率则相对较高,分别为89%和87%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在实验7～19 d内(Z5-Z8期),轮虫+卤虫无节幼体组成活率最佳,达71%,卤虫无节幼体组幼体成活率则为50%。单一投喂卤虫无节幼体0～15 d(Z2―Z7期)内口虾蛄幼体持续生长,15 d(Z7期)后口虾蛄不再生长,其体长与头胸甲长、腹部长、尾扇长等存在显著的线性回归关系(P<0.01)。【结论】基于实验结果和口虾蛄幼体的摄食特性,建议口虾蛄幼体的开口投喂方案为幼体开口后的0～15d内(Z2―Z7期)主要投喂轮虫+卤虫无节幼体饵料,15 d后(Z7期)逐渐转至其他生物饵料。
【Objective】To study the effects of first feeds on survival and growth of larval Oratosquilla oratoria.【Method】Oratosquilla oratoria larvae were fed with rotifera, rotifera + artemia nauplius, artemia nauplius, cladocerans, chlorella for 20 days, and the larvae were fed with artemia nauplius only to study the early growth.【Result】On the 6 th day(Z4 phase) after larva opened the mouth, the survival rate of larval O. oratoria fed with chlorella, rotifera and cladocerans were 0%, but the survival rate of larvae O. oratoria feeding rotifera + artemia nauplius, artemia nauplius larvae was higher, at 89% and 87% respectively, without significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05); During the 7 – 19 days(Z5 – Z8 phase) of the experiment, the survival rate of the group feeding rotifera + artemia nauplius was the highest, up to 71%, the survival rate of the group feeding artemia nauplius was 50%. Using artemia nauplius as a single bait for the early growth study of juvenile O. oratoria, the results showed that the growth and development of juvenile O. oratoria were normal at the first 0 – 15 days(Z2 – Z7 phase), and the biological indicators began to decline after the 15 th day(Z7 phase). There was a linear correlation relationship between the body length and the length of the head cuirass, abdomen and the tail fan. The test showed that the relationship between them was significant(P < 0.01).【Conclusion】The feeding characteristics based on the test results suggested that the optimal feeding strategy was to feed the juvenile O. oratoria with rotifera + artemia nauplius within 0 – 15 days(Z2 – Z7 phase) after larvae opened the mouth and gradually transferred to other biological bait.
【Objective】To study the effects of first feeds on survival and growth of larval Oratosquilla oratoria.【Method】Oratosquilla oratoria larvae were fed with rotifera, rotifera + artemia nauplius, artemia nauplius, cladocerans, chlorella for 20 days, and the larvae were fed with artemia nauplius only to study the early growth.【Result】On the 6 th day(Z4 phase) after larva opened the mouth, the survival rate of larval O. oratoria fed with chlorella, rotifera and cladocerans were 0%, but the survival rate of larvae O. oratoria feeding rotifera + artemia nauplius, artemia nauplius larvae was higher, at 89% and 87% respectively, without significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05); During the 7 – 19 days(Z5 – Z8 phase) of the experiment, the survival rate of the group feeding rotifera + artemia nauplius was the highest, up to 71%, the survival rate of the group feeding artemia nauplius was 50%. Using artemia nauplius as a single bait for the early growth study of juvenile O. oratoria, the results showed that the growth and development of juvenile O. oratoria were normal at the first 0 – 15 days(Z2 – Z7 phase), and the biological indicators began to decline after the 15 th day(Z7 phase). There was a linear correlation relationship between the body length and the length of the head cuirass, abdomen and the tail fan. The test showed that the relationship between them was significant(P < 0.01).【Conclusion】The feeding characteristics based on the test results suggested that the optimal feeding strategy was to feed the juvenile O. oratoria with rotifera + artemia nauplius within 0 – 15 days(Z2 – Z7 phase) after larvae opened the mouth and gradually transferred to other biological bait.
引文
[1]刘海映,王桂娥,王秀利.大连海域口虾蛄资源遗传多样性的分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(4):350-353.
[2]薛梅,闫红伟,刘海映,等.大连市皮口海域口虾蛄群体繁殖生物学特征初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):237-245.
[3]HAMANO T,MATSUURA S.Egg size,duration of incubation and larval development of the Japanese mantis shrimp in the laboratory[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1987,53:23-39.
[4]HAMANO T,MATSUURA S.Food habits of the Japanese mantis shrimp in the benthic community of Hakata Bay[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1986,52:787-794.
[5]HAMANO T.Growth of the stomatopod crustacean Oratosquilla oratoria in Hakate Bay[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1990,56:15-29.
[6]吴琴瑟,赵延霞.黑斑口虾蛄生态因子的试验观察[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1997,17(2):13-16.
[7]王春琳,徐君超,李敦岳,等.黑斑口虾蛄土池育苗与中间培育技术的研究[J].水产科学,2004,23(2):22-25.
[8]蒋霞敏,王春琳.黑斑口虾蛄幼体的发育[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(1):19-25.
[9]谷德贤,洪星,刘海映.口虾蛄的繁殖行为[J].河北渔业,2008(1):37-40.
[10]孙丕喜,张锡烈,汤庭耀,等.口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)人工育苗技术研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(2):41-46.
[11]付鑫,马师荟,谷德贤.口虾蛄人工育苗技术的研究[J].河北渔业,2010(10):30-32.
[12]刘海映,秦玉雪,姜玉声,等.口虾蛄胚胎发育的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(5):437-441.
[13]钟全福.不同开口饵料对黑莓鲈仔鱼生长和成活率的影响[J].渔业研究,2017,39(1):27-33.
[14]李庭古.枝角类生物学特征及人工培养技术要点[J].淮海工学院学报,2001,10(专刊):6-7.
[15]梁燕茹,李文权.小球藻饵料的研究进展[J].福建农业学报,2005,20(增刊):70-74.
[16]孙东红,邹宁,赵红庆,等.褶皱臂尾轮虫的培养研究[J].中国水产,2005(4):71-74.
[17]侯林,邹向阳,姚锋.卤虫的生物学研究[J].生物学通报,2005,40(7):4-6.
[18]卢亚芳.枝角类在水产养殖中的应用[J].台湾海峡,2001,20(增刊):69-75.
[19]HAMANO T,MATSUURA S.Optimal prey size for the Japanese mantis shrimp from structure of the raptorial claw[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1986,52(1):1-10.
[20]周元雪.口虾蛄消化酶及免疫因子特征的初步研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014.
[21]吴金明,杨焕超,王成友,等.不同开口饵料对川陕哲罗鲑仔鱼生长和存活的影响[J].四川动物,2015,34(5):752-755.
[2]薛梅,闫红伟,刘海映,等.大连市皮口海域口虾蛄群体繁殖生物学特征初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):237-245.
[3]HAMANO T,MATSUURA S.Egg size,duration of incubation and larval development of the Japanese mantis shrimp in the laboratory[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1987,53:23-39.
[4]HAMANO T,MATSUURA S.Food habits of the Japanese mantis shrimp in the benthic community of Hakata Bay[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1986,52:787-794.
[5]HAMANO T.Growth of the stomatopod crustacean Oratosquilla oratoria in Hakate Bay[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1990,56:15-29.
[6]吴琴瑟,赵延霞.黑斑口虾蛄生态因子的试验观察[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1997,17(2):13-16.
[7]王春琳,徐君超,李敦岳,等.黑斑口虾蛄土池育苗与中间培育技术的研究[J].水产科学,2004,23(2):22-25.
[8]蒋霞敏,王春琳.黑斑口虾蛄幼体的发育[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(1):19-25.
[9]谷德贤,洪星,刘海映.口虾蛄的繁殖行为[J].河北渔业,2008(1):37-40.
[10]孙丕喜,张锡烈,汤庭耀,等.口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)人工育苗技术研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(2):41-46.
[11]付鑫,马师荟,谷德贤.口虾蛄人工育苗技术的研究[J].河北渔业,2010(10):30-32.
[12]刘海映,秦玉雪,姜玉声,等.口虾蛄胚胎发育的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(5):437-441.
[13]钟全福.不同开口饵料对黑莓鲈仔鱼生长和成活率的影响[J].渔业研究,2017,39(1):27-33.
[14]李庭古.枝角类生物学特征及人工培养技术要点[J].淮海工学院学报,2001,10(专刊):6-7.
[15]梁燕茹,李文权.小球藻饵料的研究进展[J].福建农业学报,2005,20(增刊):70-74.
[16]孙东红,邹宁,赵红庆,等.褶皱臂尾轮虫的培养研究[J].中国水产,2005(4):71-74.
[17]侯林,邹向阳,姚锋.卤虫的生物学研究[J].生物学通报,2005,40(7):4-6.
[18]卢亚芳.枝角类在水产养殖中的应用[J].台湾海峡,2001,20(增刊):69-75.
[19]HAMANO T,MATSUURA S.Optimal prey size for the Japanese mantis shrimp from structure of the raptorial claw[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1986,52(1):1-10.
[20]周元雪.口虾蛄消化酶及免疫因子特征的初步研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014.
[21]吴金明,杨焕超,王成友,等.不同开口饵料对川陕哲罗鲑仔鱼生长和存活的影响[J].四川动物,2015,34(5):752-755.