不同早期断奶日龄对舍饲肉用羔羊胃组织形态发育变化的影响
|
摘要
旨在研究早期断奶对舍饲羔羊复胃组织形态发育的影响。本研究选用甘肃肉用绵羊新品种育种群公羔(单羔)55只,分为3个处理,其中28日龄断奶组(A组)、42日龄断奶组(B组)各15只,对照组(不断奶,C组)25只,于7日龄开始补饲;A、B组分别于断奶后的第0、7、14天屠宰,每个屠宰日均同时屠宰对照组羔羊5只,采集瘤胃腹囊与背囊、网胃底、瓣胃和皱胃贲门腺区、胃底腺区、幽门腺区等用于测定相关组织形态学指标。结果表明,A组断奶7天,A组、B组断奶14天,瘤胃腹囊乳头高度显著高于C组(P<0.05);断奶14天,A组瘤胃背囊乳头高度较断奶日的增长率明显高于B组(83.4%vs.46.9%);A组、B组平均网胃胃底乳头高度明显大于C组(1 194.0μmvs.632.2μm;953.1μmvs.661.3μm);断奶14天,A组瓣胃角化层厚较断奶日的增长率高于B组(40.6%vs.31.9%);断奶14天,B组皱胃贲门腺区黏膜厚显著高于C组(P<0.05);A组、B组皱胃胃底腺区平均黏膜下层厚明显高于C组(326.8μmvs.245.2μm;303.4μmvs.172.7μm);A组、B组平均皱胃幽门腺区肌层厚明显高于C组(1 218.4μmvs.1 047.4μm;1 466.3μmvs.1 253.7μm)。在舍饲并于7日龄补饲条件下,早期断奶对羔羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃组织形态学指标的发育主要呈现促进作用,28日龄断奶对羔羊复胃组织形态学发育的促进作用优于42日龄断奶。
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of early weaned on morphological development of stomach for housed lambs.Fifty-five male lambs(Gansu modern breeding sheep group,singleton)were divided into 3 treatments,15 animals were used in group A(weaned at 28 dof age)and B(weaned at 42 dof age),respectively,25 suckling lambs were usedin group C(control).All lambs were raised with the supplementary feed from 7 dof age.Lambs were killed and sampled from the group A and B at 0,7,14 days after weaned,respectively,and lambs in the control(5 lambs)were killed and sampled at the same time.The morphological indexes of rumen ventral sac and dorsal sac,fundus reticuli,omasum,and cardiac,fundus,pyloric of abomasum were measured,respectively.The results showed that,group A was weaned for 7 days,group A and B were weaned for 14 days,the papilla height of the rumen ventral sac were significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.05).The growth rate of the papilla height in rumen dorsal sac in group A was higher than that in group B(83.4% vs.46.9%)at weaned for 14 days.The average papilla height of fundus reticuli in group A and B were higher than that in group C(1 194.0μmvs.632.2μm;953.1μmvs.661.3μm).The growth rate of the epithelial thickness in omasum in group A was higher than that in group B(40.6%vs.31.9%)at weaned for 14 days.And the mucosa thickness of cardiac gland in abomasums in group B was significantly higher than that in group C at weaned for 14 days(P<0.05).The average submucosa thickness of fundus gland abomasum in group A and B were higher than that in group C(326.8μmvs.245.2μm;303.4μmvs.172.7μm).And the average muscular thickness of pyloric gland abomasum in group A and B were higher than that in group C(1 218.4μmvs.1 047.4μm;1 466.3μmvs.1 253.7μm).The result indicated that,with feasible raised and supplied the suited supplementary diet from 7 dof age,there were promotion for morphplogical development of stomach in lambs.And it had better promotion for the lambs weaned at 28 dof age than at 42 dof age for the morphplogical development of stomach.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of early weaned on morphological development of stomach for housed lambs.Fifty-five male lambs(Gansu modern breeding sheep group,singleton)were divided into 3 treatments,15 animals were used in group A(weaned at 28 dof age)and B(weaned at 42 dof age),respectively,25 suckling lambs were usedin group C(control).All lambs were raised with the supplementary feed from 7 dof age.Lambs were killed and sampled from the group A and B at 0,7,14 days after weaned,respectively,and lambs in the control(5 lambs)were killed and sampled at the same time.The morphological indexes of rumen ventral sac and dorsal sac,fundus reticuli,omasum,and cardiac,fundus,pyloric of abomasum were measured,respectively.The results showed that,group A was weaned for 7 days,group A and B were weaned for 14 days,the papilla height of the rumen ventral sac were significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.05).The growth rate of the papilla height in rumen dorsal sac in group A was higher than that in group B(83.4% vs.46.9%)at weaned for 14 days.The average papilla height of fundus reticuli in group A and B were higher than that in group C(1 194.0μmvs.632.2μm;953.1μmvs.661.3μm).The growth rate of the epithelial thickness in omasum in group A was higher than that in group B(40.6%vs.31.9%)at weaned for 14 days.And the mucosa thickness of cardiac gland in abomasums in group B was significantly higher than that in group C at weaned for 14 days(P<0.05).The average submucosa thickness of fundus gland abomasum in group A and B were higher than that in group C(326.8μmvs.245.2μm;303.4μmvs.172.7μm).And the average muscular thickness of pyloric gland abomasum in group A and B were higher than that in group C(1 218.4μmvs.1 047.4μm;1 466.3μmvs.1 253.7μm).The result indicated that,with feasible raised and supplied the suited supplementary diet from 7 dof age,there were promotion for morphplogical development of stomach in lambs.And it had better promotion for the lambs weaned at 28 dof age than at 42 dof age for the morphplogical development of stomach.
引文
[1]LESMEISTER K E,TOZER P R,HEINRICHS A J.Development and analysis of a rumen tissue sampling procedure[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87(5):1336-1344.
[2]姜丹,吴树清,杜山,等.不同品种肉用绵羊舍饲条件下前胃组织学变化[J].中国草食动物,2010,30(3):23-26.JIANG D,WU S Q,DU S,et al.Histological changes of proventriculus in different meat-producing sheep under confinedness[J].China Herbivores,2010,30(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
[3]ZITNAN R,BOMBA A,SOMMER A,et al.Development of rumen metabolism and ruminal epithelium in lambs[J].Arch Tierernahr,1993,44(3):227-233.
[4]姜丹.舍饲羊前胃组织形态学变化的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.JIANG D.Studies on morphologic changes of sheep’s proventriculus in the condition of house feeding[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[5]高魁,姜丹,赵玮,等.舍饲不同生长阶段山羊小肠组织学观察[J].中国草食动物,2010,30(2):21-24.GAO K,JIANG D,ZHAO W,et al.Obserbation on the small intestine histology of goat in shed in different stages[J].China Herbivores,2010,30(2):21-24.(in Chinese)
[6]ZITNAN R,VOIGT J,WENNER J.Morphological and functional development of the rumen in the calf:influence of the time of weaning:1.morphological development of rumen mucosa[J].Arch Tierernahr,1999,52(4):351-362.
[7]宋代军,张家骅,杨游,等.羔羊不同断奶日龄对小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(4):344-349.SONG D J,ZHANG J H,YANG Y,et al.Effect of weaning age on mucosal morphology in small intestine of goat KIDS[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2007,19(4):344-349.(in Chinese)
[8]顾宪红,张宏福,佘锐萍,等.断奶日龄对消化器官形态及小肠组织化学的影响[J].家畜生态,2003,24(1):24-30.GU X H,ZHANG H F,SHE R P,et al.Chemical effect of weaning age on form of peptics and small intestine organs[J].Ecology of Domestic Animal,2003,24(1):24-30.(in Chinese)
[9]张振斌,蒋宗勇,林映才,等.断奶日龄对仔猪小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].饲料博览,2003(8):3-5.ZHANG Z B,JIANG Z Y,LIN Y C,et al.Effects of different weaning age on small intestine mucosal structure in piglets[J].Feed Review,2003(8):3-5.(in Chinese)
[10]SUAREZ B J,VAN REENEN C G,STOCKHOFE N,等.粗饲料来源和精粗比对小乳牛生长性能和瘤胃发育的影响[J].都文,译.饲料与畜牧,2008(6):67.SUREZ B J,VAN REENEN C G,STOCKHOFE N,et al.Effect of roughage source and roughage to concentrate ratio on animal performance and rumen development in veal calves[J].DU W,trans.Feed and Husbandry,2008(6):67.(in Chinese)
[11]韩正康,陈杰.反刍动物瘤胃的消化和代谢[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.HAN Z K,CHEN J.Digestion and metabolism of rumen in ruminants[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[12]王彩莲,郝正里,李发弟,等.放牧条件下甘肃高山细毛羊公羔胃的组织形态学变化[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,44(3):10-15.WANG C L,HAO Z L,LI F D,et al.Histomorphometric changes of stomach in grazing Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep at 0-56day of age[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2009,44(3):10-15.(in Chinese)
[13]张庆丽,谭支良,贺志雄,等.营养限制对断奶羔羊血浆和胃肠道上皮组织抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1320-1327.ZHANG Q L,TAN Z L,HE Z X,et al.Effects of nutrient restriction on the antioxidant capacity of plasma and gut epithelial tissues in weanling lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(5):1320-1327.(in Chinese)
[14]顾宪红.断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质需要量及低蛋白日粮对仔猪的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2001,3(1):34-37.GU X H.Dietary protein requirement and its effect on weaning pigs[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2001,3(1):34-47.(in Chinese)
[15]ZITNAN R,VOIGT J,SCHNHUSEN U,et al.Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves[J].Arch Tierernahr,1998,51(4):279-291.
[16]赵恒波,罗海玲,朱虹,等.纤维素复合酶对羔羊消化道组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(10):1054-1059.ZHAO H B,LUO H L,ZHU H,et al.Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on gastrointestinal morphological structure in kids[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2007,38(10):1054-1059.(in Chinese)
[17]包花尔.不同饲养条件下阿尔巴斯绒山羊前胃形态学改变的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2004.BAO H E.Study of different raising conditions on variety of the morphological of Aerbasi cashmere’s proventriculus[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2004.(in Chinese)
[18]张海涛.纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对犊牛生长发育以及瘤胃组织形态学发育的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.ZHANG H T.Influence of Bacillus subitilis natto on animal performance and histology,morphological features of ruminal papillae in dairy calves[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
[19]张军民,高振川.谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜蛋白质、DNA含量和组织形态的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(10):1264-1268.ZHANG J M,GAO Z C.Effect of glutamine supplementation on intestinal mucosal protein,DNA and mucosal morphology of early-weaned piglets[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(10):1264-1268.(in Chinese)
[20]刘涛,彭健,周诗其,等.外源性谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜形态、结构和小肠吸收功能及骨骼肌中DNA、RNA浓度的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(1):62-65.LIU T,PENG J,ZHOU S Q,et al.Effects of glutamine and glutamate on small intestinal structure,active absorption and DNA,RNA concentrations in muscle tissue of early weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2003,23(1):62-65.(in Chinese)
[21]胡泉舟,侯永清,丁斌鹰,等.α-酮戊二酸对仔猪小肠组织学形态与功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(6):662-667.HU Q Z,HOU Y Q,DING B Y,et al.Effects ofα-ketoglutarate on histological morphology and function of small intestine in piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(6):662-667.(in Chinese)
[22]范志影,刁其玉,蔡健森.不同蛋白质来源代乳粉对羔羊肌肉化学成分的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(7):29-30,48.FAN Z Y,DIAO Q Y,CAI J S.Effect of different protein sources of milk replacer on the chemical composition in muscle for lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(7):29-30,48.(in Chinese)
[23]郭江鹏.不同营养水平全颗粒饲粮对早期断奶羔羊的育肥效果[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.GUO J P.Effects of complete pellet diets with different nutrition level on fattening of early weaning lambs[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[24]马仲华.家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.MA Z H.The Anatomy and histoembryology of the domestic animals[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[25]刘世新.实用生物组织学技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.LIU S X.Practical Biological histological techniques[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[26]BALDWIN VI R L.Use of isolated ruminal epithelial cells in the study of rumen metabolism[J].J Nutr,1998,128(2):2935-2965.
[27]BALDWIN VI R L,JESSE B W.Technical note:isolation and characterization of sheep ruminal epithelial cells[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69(9):3603-3609.
[28]LESMEISTER K E,HEINRICHS A J,GABLER M T.Effects of supplemental yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)culture on rumen development,growth characteristics,and blood parameters in neonatal dairy calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87(6):1832-1839.
[29]BEHARKA A A,NAGARAJA T G,MORRILL J L,et al.Effects of form of the diet on anatomical,microbial,and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(7):1946-1955.
[30]STOBO I J F,ROY J H B,GASTON H J.Rumen development in the calf:1.The effect of diets containing different proportions of concentrates to hay on rumen development[J].Br J Nutr,1966,20(2):171-188.
[31]王彩莲.0~56日龄放牧绵羊消化系统发育变化的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.WANG C L.Developmental of changes of digestive system in grazing sheep from birth to 56 d[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[32]郭江鹏,张元兴,李发弟,等.0~56日龄舍饲肉用羔羊胃肠道发育特点研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(4):513-520.GUO J P,ZHANG Y X,LI F D,et al.Developmental characteristics of gastrointestinal tract in confined lambs at the age of 0-56days[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2011,42(4):513-520.(in Chinese)
[33]WARNER R G,FLATT W P,LOOSLI J K.Ruminant nutrition,dietary factors influencing development of ruminant stomach[J].J Agric Food Chem,1956,4(9):788-792.
[34]LANE M A,JESSE B W.Effect of volatile fatty acid infusion on development of the rumen epithelium in neonatal sheep[J].J Dairy Sci,1987,80(4):740-746.
[35]SAKATA T,TAMATE H.Rumen epithelium cell proliferation accelerated by propionate and acetate[J].J Dairy Sci,1979,62(1):49-52.
[36]HARRISON H N,WARNER R G,SANDER E G,et al.Changes in the tissue and volume of the stomachs of calves following the removal of dry feed or consumption of inert bulk[J].J Dairy Sci,1960,43(9):1301-1312.
[37]汪晓娟,刘婷,李发弟,等.开食料补饲日龄对羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):172-178.WANG X J,LIU T,LI F D,et al.Effect of starter supply age on the morphology of the rumen and small intestine in lamb[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(4):172-178.(in Chinese)
[38]刘婷,李发弟,李冲,等.断奶时间对不同日龄湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1384-1393.LIU T,LI F D,LI C,et al.Effects of weaner time on rumen morphology and gene expressions involved in rumen epidermis growth of Hu Lambs at different days of age[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(5):1384-1393.(in Chinese)
[39]刘婷,李发弟,王维民,等.不同日龄补饲开食料对湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(12):2441-2449.LIU T,LI F D,WANG W M,et al.Effects of starter feeding on rumen papilla genes expression involved in cellular growth and morphology in Hu Lamb at different ages[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2016,47(12):2441-2449.(in Chinese)
[40]刘敏雄.反刍动物消化生理学[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1991.LIU M X.Digest physiology of ruminant animals[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1991.(in Chinese)
[41]陈杰.家畜生理学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.CHEN J.Physiology of domestic animals[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[2]姜丹,吴树清,杜山,等.不同品种肉用绵羊舍饲条件下前胃组织学变化[J].中国草食动物,2010,30(3):23-26.JIANG D,WU S Q,DU S,et al.Histological changes of proventriculus in different meat-producing sheep under confinedness[J].China Herbivores,2010,30(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
[3]ZITNAN R,BOMBA A,SOMMER A,et al.Development of rumen metabolism and ruminal epithelium in lambs[J].Arch Tierernahr,1993,44(3):227-233.
[4]姜丹.舍饲羊前胃组织形态学变化的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.JIANG D.Studies on morphologic changes of sheep’s proventriculus in the condition of house feeding[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[5]高魁,姜丹,赵玮,等.舍饲不同生长阶段山羊小肠组织学观察[J].中国草食动物,2010,30(2):21-24.GAO K,JIANG D,ZHAO W,et al.Obserbation on the small intestine histology of goat in shed in different stages[J].China Herbivores,2010,30(2):21-24.(in Chinese)
[6]ZITNAN R,VOIGT J,WENNER J.Morphological and functional development of the rumen in the calf:influence of the time of weaning:1.morphological development of rumen mucosa[J].Arch Tierernahr,1999,52(4):351-362.
[7]宋代军,张家骅,杨游,等.羔羊不同断奶日龄对小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(4):344-349.SONG D J,ZHANG J H,YANG Y,et al.Effect of weaning age on mucosal morphology in small intestine of goat KIDS[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2007,19(4):344-349.(in Chinese)
[8]顾宪红,张宏福,佘锐萍,等.断奶日龄对消化器官形态及小肠组织化学的影响[J].家畜生态,2003,24(1):24-30.GU X H,ZHANG H F,SHE R P,et al.Chemical effect of weaning age on form of peptics and small intestine organs[J].Ecology of Domestic Animal,2003,24(1):24-30.(in Chinese)
[9]张振斌,蒋宗勇,林映才,等.断奶日龄对仔猪小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].饲料博览,2003(8):3-5.ZHANG Z B,JIANG Z Y,LIN Y C,et al.Effects of different weaning age on small intestine mucosal structure in piglets[J].Feed Review,2003(8):3-5.(in Chinese)
[10]SUAREZ B J,VAN REENEN C G,STOCKHOFE N,等.粗饲料来源和精粗比对小乳牛生长性能和瘤胃发育的影响[J].都文,译.饲料与畜牧,2008(6):67.SUREZ B J,VAN REENEN C G,STOCKHOFE N,et al.Effect of roughage source and roughage to concentrate ratio on animal performance and rumen development in veal calves[J].DU W,trans.Feed and Husbandry,2008(6):67.(in Chinese)
[11]韩正康,陈杰.反刍动物瘤胃的消化和代谢[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.HAN Z K,CHEN J.Digestion and metabolism of rumen in ruminants[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[12]王彩莲,郝正里,李发弟,等.放牧条件下甘肃高山细毛羊公羔胃的组织形态学变化[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,44(3):10-15.WANG C L,HAO Z L,LI F D,et al.Histomorphometric changes of stomach in grazing Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep at 0-56day of age[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2009,44(3):10-15.(in Chinese)
[13]张庆丽,谭支良,贺志雄,等.营养限制对断奶羔羊血浆和胃肠道上皮组织抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1320-1327.ZHANG Q L,TAN Z L,HE Z X,et al.Effects of nutrient restriction on the antioxidant capacity of plasma and gut epithelial tissues in weanling lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(5):1320-1327.(in Chinese)
[14]顾宪红.断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质需要量及低蛋白日粮对仔猪的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2001,3(1):34-37.GU X H.Dietary protein requirement and its effect on weaning pigs[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2001,3(1):34-47.(in Chinese)
[15]ZITNAN R,VOIGT J,SCHNHUSEN U,et al.Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves[J].Arch Tierernahr,1998,51(4):279-291.
[16]赵恒波,罗海玲,朱虹,等.纤维素复合酶对羔羊消化道组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(10):1054-1059.ZHAO H B,LUO H L,ZHU H,et al.Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on gastrointestinal morphological structure in kids[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2007,38(10):1054-1059.(in Chinese)
[17]包花尔.不同饲养条件下阿尔巴斯绒山羊前胃形态学改变的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2004.BAO H E.Study of different raising conditions on variety of the morphological of Aerbasi cashmere’s proventriculus[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2004.(in Chinese)
[18]张海涛.纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对犊牛生长发育以及瘤胃组织形态学发育的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.ZHANG H T.Influence of Bacillus subitilis natto on animal performance and histology,morphological features of ruminal papillae in dairy calves[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
[19]张军民,高振川.谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜蛋白质、DNA含量和组织形态的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(10):1264-1268.ZHANG J M,GAO Z C.Effect of glutamine supplementation on intestinal mucosal protein,DNA and mucosal morphology of early-weaned piglets[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(10):1264-1268.(in Chinese)
[20]刘涛,彭健,周诗其,等.外源性谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜形态、结构和小肠吸收功能及骨骼肌中DNA、RNA浓度的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(1):62-65.LIU T,PENG J,ZHOU S Q,et al.Effects of glutamine and glutamate on small intestinal structure,active absorption and DNA,RNA concentrations in muscle tissue of early weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2003,23(1):62-65.(in Chinese)
[21]胡泉舟,侯永清,丁斌鹰,等.α-酮戊二酸对仔猪小肠组织学形态与功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(6):662-667.HU Q Z,HOU Y Q,DING B Y,et al.Effects ofα-ketoglutarate on histological morphology and function of small intestine in piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(6):662-667.(in Chinese)
[22]范志影,刁其玉,蔡健森.不同蛋白质来源代乳粉对羔羊肌肉化学成分的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(7):29-30,48.FAN Z Y,DIAO Q Y,CAI J S.Effect of different protein sources of milk replacer on the chemical composition in muscle for lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(7):29-30,48.(in Chinese)
[23]郭江鹏.不同营养水平全颗粒饲粮对早期断奶羔羊的育肥效果[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.GUO J P.Effects of complete pellet diets with different nutrition level on fattening of early weaning lambs[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[24]马仲华.家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.MA Z H.The Anatomy and histoembryology of the domestic animals[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[25]刘世新.实用生物组织学技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.LIU S X.Practical Biological histological techniques[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[26]BALDWIN VI R L.Use of isolated ruminal epithelial cells in the study of rumen metabolism[J].J Nutr,1998,128(2):2935-2965.
[27]BALDWIN VI R L,JESSE B W.Technical note:isolation and characterization of sheep ruminal epithelial cells[J].J Anim Sci,1991,69(9):3603-3609.
[28]LESMEISTER K E,HEINRICHS A J,GABLER M T.Effects of supplemental yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)culture on rumen development,growth characteristics,and blood parameters in neonatal dairy calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87(6):1832-1839.
[29]BEHARKA A A,NAGARAJA T G,MORRILL J L,et al.Effects of form of the diet on anatomical,microbial,and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(7):1946-1955.
[30]STOBO I J F,ROY J H B,GASTON H J.Rumen development in the calf:1.The effect of diets containing different proportions of concentrates to hay on rumen development[J].Br J Nutr,1966,20(2):171-188.
[31]王彩莲.0~56日龄放牧绵羊消化系统发育变化的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.WANG C L.Developmental of changes of digestive system in grazing sheep from birth to 56 d[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[32]郭江鹏,张元兴,李发弟,等.0~56日龄舍饲肉用羔羊胃肠道发育特点研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(4):513-520.GUO J P,ZHANG Y X,LI F D,et al.Developmental characteristics of gastrointestinal tract in confined lambs at the age of 0-56days[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2011,42(4):513-520.(in Chinese)
[33]WARNER R G,FLATT W P,LOOSLI J K.Ruminant nutrition,dietary factors influencing development of ruminant stomach[J].J Agric Food Chem,1956,4(9):788-792.
[34]LANE M A,JESSE B W.Effect of volatile fatty acid infusion on development of the rumen epithelium in neonatal sheep[J].J Dairy Sci,1987,80(4):740-746.
[35]SAKATA T,TAMATE H.Rumen epithelium cell proliferation accelerated by propionate and acetate[J].J Dairy Sci,1979,62(1):49-52.
[36]HARRISON H N,WARNER R G,SANDER E G,et al.Changes in the tissue and volume of the stomachs of calves following the removal of dry feed or consumption of inert bulk[J].J Dairy Sci,1960,43(9):1301-1312.
[37]汪晓娟,刘婷,李发弟,等.开食料补饲日龄对羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):172-178.WANG X J,LIU T,LI F D,et al.Effect of starter supply age on the morphology of the rumen and small intestine in lamb[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(4):172-178.(in Chinese)
[38]刘婷,李发弟,李冲,等.断奶时间对不同日龄湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1384-1393.LIU T,LI F D,LI C,et al.Effects of weaner time on rumen morphology and gene expressions involved in rumen epidermis growth of Hu Lambs at different days of age[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(5):1384-1393.(in Chinese)
[39]刘婷,李发弟,王维民,等.不同日龄补饲开食料对湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(12):2441-2449.LIU T,LI F D,WANG W M,et al.Effects of starter feeding on rumen papilla genes expression involved in cellular growth and morphology in Hu Lamb at different ages[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2016,47(12):2441-2449.(in Chinese)
[40]刘敏雄.反刍动物消化生理学[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1991.LIU M X.Digest physiology of ruminant animals[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1991.(in Chinese)
[41]陈杰.家畜生理学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.CHEN J.Physiology of domestic animals[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.(in Chinese)