三维激光扫描技术在地铁工程测量的应用综述
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摘要
旨在调查研究三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道测量的应用方向和技术成熟度,为其在隧道工程测量的推广应用提供指导。近几年大量文献针对三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道测量的应用进行了研究,本文综合分析了当前各研究方向实现方法、精度、作业效率及实际应用效果,表明:①在隧道中轴线提取、纵横断面及限界测量、调坡调线、三维建模等方面三维激光扫描技术应用成熟,但是作业效率需进一步提高;②在断面变形与收敛分析方面,激光扫描技术优势显著,得到较广泛的应用,编入到2016版《建筑变形测量》规范中;③在隧道裂缝和渗水检测方面有所尝试,但精度效率有待考证。
The purpose is to guide the extension of 3D laser scanning technology by investigating the application and the technological maturity in subway tunnel measurement. In recent years, a large number of documents have been researching the application of 3D laser scanning technology in subway tunnel measurement. The implementation methods, accuracy, operation efficiency and practical application effect of the current research directions are comprehensively analyzed in this paper. The conclusion are as follows: ① 3D laser scanning technology is fit for tunnel axis extraction, profile and clearance measurement, route alignment and gradient adjustment, tunnel 3D model and so on, but work efficiency need to be improved; ② 3D laser scanning technology has significant advantages and been populated in section deformation and convergence analysis of tunnel, which has been compiled into code for deformation measurement of building and structure; ③ Some attempts have been made in the recognition of segment joint wall seepage and cracks, but the accuracy and efficiency need to be verified.
The purpose is to guide the extension of 3D laser scanning technology by investigating the application and the technological maturity in subway tunnel measurement. In recent years, a large number of documents have been researching the application of 3D laser scanning technology in subway tunnel measurement. The implementation methods, accuracy, operation efficiency and practical application effect of the current research directions are comprehensively analyzed in this paper. The conclusion are as follows: ① 3D laser scanning technology is fit for tunnel axis extraction, profile and clearance measurement, route alignment and gradient adjustment, tunnel 3D model and so on, but work efficiency need to be improved; ② 3D laser scanning technology has significant advantages and been populated in section deformation and convergence analysis of tunnel, which has been compiled into code for deformation measurement of building and structure; ③ Some attempts have been made in the recognition of segment joint wall seepage and cracks, but the accuracy and efficiency need to be verified.
引文
[1] 王峰,林鸿,李长辉. 地面三维激光扫描技术在城市测绘中的应用[J]. 测绘通报,2012,(5):47～49.Wang Feng, Lin Hong, Li Changhui. Application of terrestrial 3D laser scanning technology in urban surveying[J]. Bulletin of Surveying & Mapping, 2012,(5):47～49. (in Chinese)
[2] 顾孝烈,鲍峰,程效军. 测量学(第四版)[M]. 上海:同济大学出版社, 2011:258～259.Gu Xiaolie, Bao Feng, Cheng Xiaojun. Measurement (Fourth Edition) [M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2011:258～259. (in Chinese)
[3] 托雷,康志忠,谢远成等. 利用三维点云数据的地铁隧道断面连续截取方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2013, 38(2):171～175.Tuo Lei, Kang Zhizhong, Xie Yuancheng et al. Continuously vertical section abstraction for deformation monitoring of subway tunnel based on terrestrial point clouds[J]. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[4] 王敏, 冯晶, 谢志海. 利用三维激光扫描仪进行地铁隧道限界测量[J]. 测绘通报, 2014, (12):78～81.Wang Min,Feng Jin,Xie Zhihai. Subway tunnel limit survey based on 3D laser scanner[J]. Bulletin of Surveying & Mapping, 2014, (12):78～81. (in Chinese)
[5] 史玉峰, 张俊, 张迎亚. 基于地面三维激光扫描技术的隧道安全监测[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,(S2):246～249.Shi Yufeng, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yingya. Tunnel safety monitoring based on terrestrial laser scanning technology[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Ediction), 2013,(S2):246～249. (in Chinese)
[6] 李珵, 卢小平, 朱宁宁. 三维激光扫描隧道断面形变监测精度验证[J]. 测绘通报, 2013,(S1):69～72.Li Cheng, Lu Xiaoping, Zhu Ningning. Verification of monitoring accuracy of 3D laser scanning tunnel deformation[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2013,(S1): 69～72. (in Chinese)
[7] 谢雄耀, 卢晓智, 田海洋等. 基于地面三维激光扫描技术的隧道全断面变形测量方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, (11):2214～2224.Xie Xiongyao, Lu Xiaozhi, Tian Haiyang et al. Development of a modeling method for monitoring tunnel derormation based on terrestrial 3D laser scanning[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering, 2013,(11):2214～2224. (in Chinese)
[8] 康志忠, 托雷, 王保前等. 基于三维激光扫描的地铁隧道连续形变监测数据处理软件系统[J]. 测绘工程, 2013, (5):82～86.Kang Zhizhong, Tuo Lei, Wang Baoqian et al. A software system of data processing for continuous deformation monitoring of the subway tunnel based on 3D laser scanning[J]. Engineering of Surveying & Mapping, 2013,(5):82～68. (in Chinese)
[9] 王令文, 程效军, 万程辉. 基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道检测技术研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2013, 41(7):53～57.Wang Lingwen, Cheng Xiaojun, Wang Chenghui. Study on the 3D laser scanning technology for tunnel inspection[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2013,41(7):53～57. (in Chinese)
[10] 张蕴明, 马全明, 李丞鹏等. 三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道收敛监测中的应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2012,(S1):438～440.Zhang Yunming, Ma Quanming, Li Chengpeng et al. Application of 3D laser scanning technology in metro tunnel convergence monitoring[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2012,(S1):438～440. (in Chinese)
[11] 王文旭, 蔡敏, 王文江. 三维激光扫描技术在地铁调线调坡测量中的应用[J]. 城市勘测, 2013, (2):96～99.Wang Wenxu, Cai Min, Wang Wenjiang. The application of 3D laser scanning technology in subway route adjustment of alignment and gradient measurement[J]. Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology, 2012,(2):96～99. (in Chinese)
[12] 孔祥玲, 欧斌. 三维激光扫描技术在隧道工程竣工测量中的应用研究[J]. 城市勘测, 2013, (2):100～102.Kong Xiangling, Ou Bin. The application and research of 3D laser scanning technology in finish tunneling survey[J]. Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2013,(2):100～102. (in Chinese)
[13] 李健, 万幼川, 江梦华等. 基于地面激光技术的隧道变形监测技术[J]. 地理空间信息, 2012, 10(1):14～17.Li Jian, Wan Youchuan, Jiang Menghua et al. Tunnel deformation monitoring technology based on ground laser technology[J]. Geospatial Information, 2012, 10(1):14～17. (in Chinese)
[14] 朱宁宁. 三维激光扫描在地铁隧道形变监测中的应用[J]. 测绘工程, 2015,(5):63～68.Zhu Ningning.Application of 3D laser scanning to the subway tunnel deformation monitoring[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2015,(5):63～68. (in Chinese)
[15] 刘绍堂, 刘文锴, 周跃寅. 一种隧道整体变形监测方法及其应用[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(8):981～986.Liu Shaotang, Liu Wenkai, Zhou Yueyin. A tunnel overall deformation monitoring method and its application[J]. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(8):981～986. (in Chinese)
[16] 李双. 基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道连续断面提取及变形分析[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2015.Li Shuang. Tunnel continuous section extraction and deformation analysis based on 3D laser scanning technology[D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[17] 何桂珍, 杨军. 地铁隧道收敛变形监测方法的研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2016, 53(3):105～110.He Guizhen, Yang Jun. Research on convergence deformation monitoring method of subway tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2016, 53(3):105～110. (in Chinese)
[18] 陈金磊, 康志忠. 高分辨率三维激光扫描数据的微小变形统计分析[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2015, 40(6):744～750.Chen Jinlei, Kang Zhizhong. A statistical and analytical method for detecting tiny deformations in high resolution 3D laser scanning data[J]. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 2015, 40(6):744～750. (in Chinese)
[19] 中华人民共和国行业标准. 建筑变形测量规范(JGJ8-2016)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.The Profession Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Building deformation measurement specification (JGJ8-2016)[S]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2016. (in Chinese)
[20] 许少辉. 地面三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道竣工测量中的应用[J]. 城市勘测, 2016,(5):68～72.Xu Shaohui. The application of terrestrial laser scanning technology in the subway tunnel completed measurement[J]. Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2016,(5):68～72. (in Chinese)
[21] 魏楚文. 地铁隧道激光扫描检测小车的研究与开发[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.Wei Chuwen. Research and development of metro tunnel laser scanning detector[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[22] 袁海涛,何涛. 基于点云数据在地铁限界检测及调线调坡设计自动化的研究[J]. 北京测绘, 2017,(S1): 161～163.Yuan Haitao, He Tao. Research on the subway boundary detection and the automatic designation of the line and slope adjustment based on point cloud data[J]. Beijing Surveying & Mapping, 2017,(S1):161～163. (in Chinese)
[23] 刘海辰,王鑫森,朱俊鹏. 激光全息成像扫描系统在地铁结构健康检测中的应用[J].施工技术, 2017, (S1):779～781.Liu Haichen, Wang Xinseng, Zhu Junpeng. Application of laser holographic imaging scanning system in the detection of subway structure health[J]. Construction Technology, 2017,(S1):779～781. (in Chinese)
[2] 顾孝烈,鲍峰,程效军. 测量学(第四版)[M]. 上海:同济大学出版社, 2011:258～259.Gu Xiaolie, Bao Feng, Cheng Xiaojun. Measurement (Fourth Edition) [M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2011:258～259. (in Chinese)
[3] 托雷,康志忠,谢远成等. 利用三维点云数据的地铁隧道断面连续截取方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2013, 38(2):171～175.Tuo Lei, Kang Zhizhong, Xie Yuancheng et al. Continuously vertical section abstraction for deformation monitoring of subway tunnel based on terrestrial point clouds[J]. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[4] 王敏, 冯晶, 谢志海. 利用三维激光扫描仪进行地铁隧道限界测量[J]. 测绘通报, 2014, (12):78～81.Wang Min,Feng Jin,Xie Zhihai. Subway tunnel limit survey based on 3D laser scanner[J]. Bulletin of Surveying & Mapping, 2014, (12):78～81. (in Chinese)
[5] 史玉峰, 张俊, 张迎亚. 基于地面三维激光扫描技术的隧道安全监测[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,(S2):246～249.Shi Yufeng, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yingya. Tunnel safety monitoring based on terrestrial laser scanning technology[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Ediction), 2013,(S2):246～249. (in Chinese)
[6] 李珵, 卢小平, 朱宁宁. 三维激光扫描隧道断面形变监测精度验证[J]. 测绘通报, 2013,(S1):69～72.Li Cheng, Lu Xiaoping, Zhu Ningning. Verification of monitoring accuracy of 3D laser scanning tunnel deformation[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2013,(S1): 69～72. (in Chinese)
[7] 谢雄耀, 卢晓智, 田海洋等. 基于地面三维激光扫描技术的隧道全断面变形测量方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, (11):2214～2224.Xie Xiongyao, Lu Xiaozhi, Tian Haiyang et al. Development of a modeling method for monitoring tunnel derormation based on terrestrial 3D laser scanning[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering, 2013,(11):2214～2224. (in Chinese)
[8] 康志忠, 托雷, 王保前等. 基于三维激光扫描的地铁隧道连续形变监测数据处理软件系统[J]. 测绘工程, 2013, (5):82～86.Kang Zhizhong, Tuo Lei, Wang Baoqian et al. A software system of data processing for continuous deformation monitoring of the subway tunnel based on 3D laser scanning[J]. Engineering of Surveying & Mapping, 2013,(5):82～68. (in Chinese)
[9] 王令文, 程效军, 万程辉. 基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道检测技术研究[J]. 工程勘察, 2013, 41(7):53～57.Wang Lingwen, Cheng Xiaojun, Wang Chenghui. Study on the 3D laser scanning technology for tunnel inspection[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2013,41(7):53～57. (in Chinese)
[10] 张蕴明, 马全明, 李丞鹏等. 三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道收敛监测中的应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2012,(S1):438～440.Zhang Yunming, Ma Quanming, Li Chengpeng et al. Application of 3D laser scanning technology in metro tunnel convergence monitoring[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2012,(S1):438～440. (in Chinese)
[11] 王文旭, 蔡敏, 王文江. 三维激光扫描技术在地铁调线调坡测量中的应用[J]. 城市勘测, 2013, (2):96～99.Wang Wenxu, Cai Min, Wang Wenjiang. The application of 3D laser scanning technology in subway route adjustment of alignment and gradient measurement[J]. Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology, 2012,(2):96～99. (in Chinese)
[12] 孔祥玲, 欧斌. 三维激光扫描技术在隧道工程竣工测量中的应用研究[J]. 城市勘测, 2013, (2):100～102.Kong Xiangling, Ou Bin. The application and research of 3D laser scanning technology in finish tunneling survey[J]. Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2013,(2):100～102. (in Chinese)
[13] 李健, 万幼川, 江梦华等. 基于地面激光技术的隧道变形监测技术[J]. 地理空间信息, 2012, 10(1):14～17.Li Jian, Wan Youchuan, Jiang Menghua et al. Tunnel deformation monitoring technology based on ground laser technology[J]. Geospatial Information, 2012, 10(1):14～17. (in Chinese)
[14] 朱宁宁. 三维激光扫描在地铁隧道形变监测中的应用[J]. 测绘工程, 2015,(5):63～68.Zhu Ningning.Application of 3D laser scanning to the subway tunnel deformation monitoring[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2015,(5):63～68. (in Chinese)
[15] 刘绍堂, 刘文锴, 周跃寅. 一种隧道整体变形监测方法及其应用[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(8):981～986.Liu Shaotang, Liu Wenkai, Zhou Yueyin. A tunnel overall deformation monitoring method and its application[J]. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(8):981～986. (in Chinese)
[16] 李双. 基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道连续断面提取及变形分析[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2015.Li Shuang. Tunnel continuous section extraction and deformation analysis based on 3D laser scanning technology[D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[17] 何桂珍, 杨军. 地铁隧道收敛变形监测方法的研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2016, 53(3):105～110.He Guizhen, Yang Jun. Research on convergence deformation monitoring method of subway tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2016, 53(3):105～110. (in Chinese)
[18] 陈金磊, 康志忠. 高分辨率三维激光扫描数据的微小变形统计分析[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2015, 40(6):744～750.Chen Jinlei, Kang Zhizhong. A statistical and analytical method for detecting tiny deformations in high resolution 3D laser scanning data[J]. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 2015, 40(6):744～750. (in Chinese)
[19] 中华人民共和国行业标准. 建筑变形测量规范(JGJ8-2016)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.The Profession Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Building deformation measurement specification (JGJ8-2016)[S]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2016. (in Chinese)
[20] 许少辉. 地面三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道竣工测量中的应用[J]. 城市勘测, 2016,(5):68～72.Xu Shaohui. The application of terrestrial laser scanning technology in the subway tunnel completed measurement[J]. Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2016,(5):68～72. (in Chinese)
[21] 魏楚文. 地铁隧道激光扫描检测小车的研究与开发[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.Wei Chuwen. Research and development of metro tunnel laser scanning detector[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[22] 袁海涛,何涛. 基于点云数据在地铁限界检测及调线调坡设计自动化的研究[J]. 北京测绘, 2017,(S1): 161～163.Yuan Haitao, He Tao. Research on the subway boundary detection and the automatic designation of the line and slope adjustment based on point cloud data[J]. Beijing Surveying & Mapping, 2017,(S1):161～163. (in Chinese)
[23] 刘海辰,王鑫森,朱俊鹏. 激光全息成像扫描系统在地铁结构健康检测中的应用[J].施工技术, 2017, (S1):779～781.Liu Haichen, Wang Xinseng, Zhu Junpeng. Application of laser holographic imaging scanning system in the detection of subway structure health[J]. Construction Technology, 2017,(S1):779～781. (in Chinese)