赤霉素与叶面钾肥混施对烤烟上部叶生长、产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】明确赤霉素与叶面钾肥混施对促进烤烟上部叶生长和质量影响的协同机制,为烤烟提质增效及特色优质烟叶开发提供科学依据。【方法】以喷施清水为对照(CK),设喷施赤霉素(GA)、3种单质叶面钾肥(K1、K2、K3)及赤霉素与3种单质叶面钾肥混施(GAK1、GAK2、GAK3)处理,对比分析不同处理烤烟上部叶生长情况、烟叶产量及内在化学成分变化,并进行不同处理对烤烟上部叶生长、产量和品质影响的综合评价。【结果】打顶期喷施赤霉素、叶面钾肥及二者混施均能在一定程度上促进烤烟上部叶生长和烟叶产量、质量的提高,以GAK3处理的效果最优,其上部平均叶面积和叶重分别增加33.47%和22.94%,上等烟产量、总产量、总产值分别增加32.37%、10.71%和19.80%,内在化学成分最协调;其次为GA、GAK1和GAK2处理;而K1、K2和K3处理的促进作用相对较小。【结论】赤霉素与无机态叶面钾肥混施可协同促进烤烟上部叶生长、增产和提质,而与有机叶面钾肥联用在促进烤烟上部叶生长方面存在一定的拮抗作用。
【Objective】Cooperation mechanism of mix application of gibberellin(GA)and potash foliage fertilizer on promoting the growth of tobacco upper leaves and tobacco quality was illuminated to provide reference for improving tobacco quality and developing featured tobaccos.【Method】Spraying GA,three simple substance potash foliage fertilizers(K1,K2 and K3)and mix application of GA and the three simple substance potash foliage fertilizers(GAK1,GAK2 and GAK3)were set as treatments,and spraying clear water was control. Growth of upper leaves,tobacco yield and variation of chemical components in different treatments were studied,and effects of each treatment on growth,yield and quality of tobacco upper leaves were evaluated.【Result】Spraying GA,potash foliage fertilizers and mix application at topping stage could improve the growth,yield,and quality of tobacco upper leaves. Especially in GAK3 treatment,average leaf area and dry weight of upper leaves increased by 33.47% and 22.94% respectively,superior tobacco yield,total yield and output value increased by 32.37%,10.71% and 19.80% respectively,and chemical components were the coordinating. The effects of GA,GAK1 and GAK2 were the second,while K1,K2 and K3 were the least effective at promoting tobacco upper leaves growth.【Conclusions】Combined application of GA3 and inorganic potash foliage fertilizers synergeticly promotes the growth,yield,and quality of tobacco upper leaves,and potash foliage fertilizers present antagonism in promoting growth of tobacco upper leaves.
【Objective】Cooperation mechanism of mix application of gibberellin(GA)and potash foliage fertilizer on promoting the growth of tobacco upper leaves and tobacco quality was illuminated to provide reference for improving tobacco quality and developing featured tobaccos.【Method】Spraying GA,three simple substance potash foliage fertilizers(K1,K2 and K3)and mix application of GA and the three simple substance potash foliage fertilizers(GAK1,GAK2 and GAK3)were set as treatments,and spraying clear water was control. Growth of upper leaves,tobacco yield and variation of chemical components in different treatments were studied,and effects of each treatment on growth,yield and quality of tobacco upper leaves were evaluated.【Result】Spraying GA,potash foliage fertilizers and mix application at topping stage could improve the growth,yield,and quality of tobacco upper leaves. Especially in GAK3 treatment,average leaf area and dry weight of upper leaves increased by 33.47% and 22.94% respectively,superior tobacco yield,total yield and output value increased by 32.37%,10.71% and 19.80% respectively,and chemical components were the coordinating. The effects of GA,GAK1 and GAK2 were the second,while K1,K2 and K3 were the least effective at promoting tobacco upper leaves growth.【Conclusions】Combined application of GA3 and inorganic potash foliage fertilizers synergeticly promotes the growth,yield,and quality of tobacco upper leaves,and potash foliage fertilizers present antagonism in promoting growth of tobacco upper leaves.
引文
蔡良勇,王玉川,常凯,贺兴林,徐庆华.2012.施用赤霉素对烟叶生长和品质的影响[J].作物研究,26(5):496-499.[Cai L Y,Wang Y C,Chang K,He X L,Xu Q H.2012.Effects of gibberellin on growth and quality of tobacco leaves[J].Crop Research,26(5):496-499.]
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付鑫钟,任竹,李小玲,陈永明,陈黛,陈建军.2006.赤霉素对烟叶生理特性及产量和质量的影响[J].广东农业科学,(6):23-25.[Fu X Z,Ren Z,Li X L,Chen Y M,Chen D,Chen J J.2006.Effect of application plant regulator(GA3)on the physiological index and yield and quality of tobacco leaf[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,(6):23-25.]
和丽忠,张晓林,陈锦玉,汪禄祥,樊永言,张晓海,杨春江,李金培.2001.生长调节物质对烤烟增钾控氮的作用及其对烟叶品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,17(4):10-14.[He L Z,Zhang X L,Chen J Y,Wang L X,Fan Y Y,Zhang X H,Yang C J,Li J P.2001.Effects of plant growth regulator on potassium and nitrogen contents and the quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,17(4):10-14.]
胡文智,王晴,苗慧莹,余世洲,王胜男,廖允成.2010.钾肥基施与叶面喷施对烤烟含钾量的影响[J].西北农业学报,19(9):119-123.[Hu W Z,Wang Q,Miao H Y,Yu S Z,Wang S N,Liao Y C.2010.Effect of basal and foliar applications of potassium fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,19(9):119-123.]
李健忠,薛立新,朱金峰,许仪,金磊,郝浩浩,苏谦,许自成.2015.赤霉素和萘乙酸互作对烤烟生长、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,51(9):1473-1481.[Li J Z,Xue L X,Zhu J F,Xu Y,Jin L,Hao H H,Su Q,Xu Z C.2015.Interaction effect of gibberelin and NAAon growth,carbon and nitrogen metabolism and leaf quality in flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Physiology Journal,51(9):1473-1481.]
刘芳,李永忠,文国松,丁金玲,王萝萍.2005.不同植物生长调节剂对烤烟上部叶质量的影响[J].广西农业科学,36(4):303-305.[Liu F,Li Y Z,Wen G S,Ding J L,Wang L P.2005.Effects of different plant growth regulators on quality of upper leaves of flue cured tobacco[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,36(4):303-305.]
刘华山,韩锦峰,曾涛,黄元炯,王方.2005.烤烟喷施降碱增钾制剂的生理效应及对品质的影响[J].华北农学报,20(3):46-49.[Liu H S,Han J F,Zeng T,Huang Y J,Wang F.2005.Effects of reagent for decrease nicotine content and elevation potassium content on physiological properties and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,20(3):46-49.]
罗道红,陆晖.2003.不同叶面肥对春烤烟喷施效果的影响[J].广西农业科学,(2):36-37.[Luo D H,Lu H.2003.Spraying effects of different foliar fertilizers on spring tobacco[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,(2):36-37.]
罗定棋,谢强,张永辉,雷晓.2010a.植物生长调节剂对烤烟上部叶开片降碱的影响[J].江西农业学报,22(7):8-10.[Luo D Q,Xie Q,Zhang Y H,Lei X.2010a.Effects of different plant growth regulators on developing leaf area and reduction of nicotine content in upper leaves of fluecured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,22(7):8-10.]
罗定棋,张永辉,谢强,雷晓.2010b.赤霉素在烤烟栽培上的应用研究[J].耕作与栽培,(2):5-6.[Luo D Q,Zhang YH,Xie Q,Lei X.2010b.Study on the application of gibberellin in tobacco cultivation[J].Tillage and Cultivation,(2):5-6.]
欧清华.2014.叶面喷施不同浓度硫酸钾对烤烟生长和品质影响[J].天津农业科学,20(7):69-73.[Ou Q H.2014.Influence of spraying different concentrations potassium sulfate on growth and quality of tobacco[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,20(7):69-73.]
史金钟,赵东方,李浩亮,尚现超,宋鹏飞,刘世亮,韩富根.2007.外源赤霉素对旱区烤烟叶片生长和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,23(5):221-225.[Shi J Z,Zhao D F,Li H L,Shang X C,Song P F,Liu S L,Han F G.2007.Effects of applying GA on flue-cured tobacco growth of leaf and inner quality in droughty region[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,23(5):221-225.]
谭小莉,黄芩芬,梁和平,顾明华,梁和.2009.植物生长调节剂在烟草上的应用研究与展望[J].广西农业科学,40(4):406-409.[Tan X L,Huang Q F,Liang H P,Gu MH,Liang H.2009.Application and prospect of plant growth regulators on tobacco[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,40(4):406-409.]
汤红印,黄占平,魏忠秋,邓强,周华.2012.赤霉素在烤烟栽培上的应用研究[J].现代农业科技,(13):145.[Tang HY,Huang Z P,Wei Z Q,Deng Q,Zhou H.2012.Study on application of gibberellin in tobacco cultivation[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(13):145.]
王涛,贺帆,徐成龙,史龙飞,王文超,宫长荣.2011.提高烤烟上部叶可用性技术的研究进展[J].南方农业学报,42(9):1127-1131.[Wang T,He F,Xu C L,Shi L F,Wang W C,Gong C R.2011.Advances in improving usability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,42(9):1127-1131.]
王小兵.2016.叶面喷施钾肥次数及喷施时期对烟叶常规化学成分的影响[J].安徽农业科学,44(27):28-29.[Wang X B.2016.Effects of foliage spraying potassium times and periods on conventional chemical components of tobacco leaf[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,44(27):28-29.]
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