低温胁迫对烟苗叶形及生理特性的影响
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摘要
为了解低温胁迫后烟苗的生理机制及恢复生长后叶形变化规律,以烤烟K326的7叶龄烟苗为试验材料,测定了其在4℃低温胁迫3、6、12、24和48 h后的相关生理指标,并将4℃低温胁迫后的烟苗于25℃(对照)下恢复生长,测量其叶长、叶宽变化。结果表明,随低温胁迫时间增加,相对电导率、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量不断升高;丙二醛(MDA)和叶绿素含量先升高后降低;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性不断降低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化不大。低温胁迫显著抑制叶片长、宽和叶面积,对叶宽的抑制作用强于叶长,从而增大叶片长宽比。低温胁迫后恢复生长16 d,叶片长宽比趋于稳定。不同低温胁迫时间诱导程度为12 h>24 h>6 h>3 h>48 h。
In order to study the physiological responses of tobacco seedlings to low temperature stress and the change of leaf shape after resuming growth, 7 th-leaf stage tobacco seedlings of ‘K326' were used to measure the physiological indicators of tobacco seedlings at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. After 4 ℃ low temperature stress the tobacco seedlings were returned to 25 ℃ to resume growth. The changes of leaf length and leaf width were measured. The results showed that the relative conductivity, proline content and soluble sugar content increased with the increase of low temperature stress time; the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and chlorophyll increased first and then decreased; the activity of catalase(CAT) decreased continuously; the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) had no significant change. After low temperature stress, the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were significantly inhibited, and the inhibition of leaf width was stronger than that of leaf length, thus increasing the length-width ratio of leaves. After low temperature stress, the length-width ratio of leaves tended to be stable after resuming growth for 16 days. The induction of stress responses of different low temperature stress time was 12 h> 24 h> 6 h> 3 h> 48 h.
In order to study the physiological responses of tobacco seedlings to low temperature stress and the change of leaf shape after resuming growth, 7 th-leaf stage tobacco seedlings of ‘K326' were used to measure the physiological indicators of tobacco seedlings at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. After 4 ℃ low temperature stress the tobacco seedlings were returned to 25 ℃ to resume growth. The changes of leaf length and leaf width were measured. The results showed that the relative conductivity, proline content and soluble sugar content increased with the increase of low temperature stress time; the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and chlorophyll increased first and then decreased; the activity of catalase(CAT) decreased continuously; the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) had no significant change. After low temperature stress, the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were significantly inhibited, and the inhibition of leaf width was stronger than that of leaf length, thus increasing the length-width ratio of leaves. After low temperature stress, the length-width ratio of leaves tended to be stable after resuming growth for 16 days. The induction of stress responses of different low temperature stress time was 12 h> 24 h> 6 h> 3 h> 48 h.
引文
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[12]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.SHAO Y R,XU J X,XUE L,et al.Effects of low temperature stress on physiological-biochemical indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings of four plant species[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
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[14]张淑英,褚贵新,梁永超.不同铵硝配比对低温胁迫棉花幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):721-729.ZHANG S Y,CHU G X,LIANG Y C.Impacts of different ammonium/nitrate ratios on the growth and antioxidant defense enzyme activities in cotton seedlings exposed to low-temperature stress[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(3):721-729.
[15]吴中军,赵亚特.低温胁迫对彩叶草幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(2):132-135.WU Z J,ZHAO Y T.Effect of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Coleus blumei seedlings[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2009,31(2):132-135.
[16]CYRIL J,POWELL G L,DUNCAN R R,et al.Changes in membrane polar lipid fatty acids of seashore paspalum in response to low temperature exposure[J].Crop Science,2002,42(6):2031-2037.
[17]葛体达,隋方功,白莉萍,等.水分胁迫下夏玉米根叶保护酶活性变化及其对膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(5):922-928.GE T D,SUI F G,BAI L P,et al.Effects of water stress on the protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in roots and leaves of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(5):922-928.
[18]HUDA K M K,BANU M A S,YADAV S,et al.Salinity and drought tolerant Os ACA6 enhances cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco by interacting with stress-inducible proteins[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2014,82(3):229-238.
[19]杜秀敏,殷文璇,赵彦修,等.植物中活性氧的产生及清除机制[J].生物工程学报,2001,17(2):121-125.DU X M,YIN W X,ZHAO Y X,et al.The production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in plants[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2001,17(2):121-125.
[20]何雨沩.低温胁迫下草莓NADPH氧化酶在ROS形成中的作用[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.HE Y W.Effect of low temperature stress the role of NADPH oxidase in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.
[21]李林川,瞿礼嘉.生长素对拟南芥叶片发育调控的研究进展[J].植物学通报,2006,23(5):459-465.LI L C,QU L J.Regulation of leaf development by auxin in Arabidopsis[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2006,23(5):459-465.
[22]GAO X,YUAN H M,HU Y Q,et al.Mutation of Arabidopsis CATALASE2 results in hyponastic leaves by changes of auxin levels[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2014,37(1):175.
[23]杨雪梅,苑兆和,尹燕雷,等.不同石榴品种抗寒性综合评价[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(2):46-51.YANG X M,YUAN Z H,YIN Y L,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance of different pomegranate cultivars[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2014,46(2):46-51.
[24]VERBRUGGEN N,HERMANS C.Proline accumulation in plants:a review[J].Amino Acids,2008,35(4):753-759.
[25]王以斌,缪锦来,姜英辉,等.脯氨酸和可溶性糖在南极冰藻低温适应机制中的作用[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(2):198-202.WANG Y B,MIAO J L,JIANG Y H,et al.Roles of proline and soluble sugar in the cold-adaptation of Antarctic Ice Microalgae[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2016,32(2):198-202.
[26]宋广树,孙忠富,孙蕾,等.东北中部地区水稻不同生育时期低温处理下生理变化及耐冷性比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3788-3795.SONG G S,SUN Z F,SUN L,et al.Comparison between physiological properties and cold tolerance under low temperature treatment during different growing stages of rice in northeast central region of China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(13):3788-3795.
[27]WANG Y,YANG H F,LI S D.Studies on chilling injury and cold hardiness of horticultural crops:a literature review[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1994,21(3):239-244.
[28]LIANG L H,MEI X,LIN F,et al.Effect of low temperature stress on tissue structure and physiological index of cashew young leaves[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(l):317-320.
[29]江锡兵,宋跃朋,马开峰,等.低温胁迫下美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种无性系若干生理指标变化研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(1):58-63.JIANG X B,SONG Y P,MA K F,et al.Changes of several physiological indices in hybrid clones of Populus deltoides Bartr.×P.ussuriensis Kom.under low temperature stress[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(1):58-63.
[30]易建华,孙在军.烟草光合作用对低温的响应[J].作物学报,2004,30(6):582-588.YI J H,SUN Z J.Responses of photosynthesis to different low temperatures in tobacco seedlings leaves[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2004,30(6):582-588.
[2]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.HAN J F.Tobacco cultivation physiology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1996.
[3]韩锦峰,岳彩鹏,刘华山,等.烤烟生长发育的低温诱导研究Ⅰ.苗期低温诱导对烤烟顶芽发育及激素含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(1):25-29.HAN J F,YUE C P,LIU H S,et al.Studies of low temperature induction on the development of flue-cured tobaccoⅠ.The influence of low temperature to the development and plant hormones in the apical bud of tobacco at seedling stage[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2002,8(1):25-29.
[4]王小彦.低温诱导烟草早花相关因子的分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.WANG X Y.Analysis of factors correlated with early-flowering induced by low temperature in tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2009.
[5]汪炳良,邓俭英,曾广文.萌动种子低温处理对萝卜花芽分化及植株生长的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,29(5):504-508.WANG B L,DENG J Y,ZENG G W.Effects of low temperature pretreatment of germinated seeds on floral bud differentiation and plant growth in radish(Raphanus sativus L)[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2003,29(5):504-508.
[6]TSUKAYA H.Mechanism of leaf-shape determination[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2006,57(1):477.
[7]黄璇.夜间低温和短时高温对不同烤烟品种生长影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.HUANG X.Effects on the growth of different varieties of flue-cured tobacco for nocturnal low temperature and short time high temperature[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2014.
[8]宋正熊,朱列书,尹佳,等.低温胁迫对烟草幼苗生化指标的影响及相关性分析[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(2):99-101.SONG Z X,ZHU L S,YIN J,et al.Effects of chilling stress on biochemical indexes of tobacco seedlings and correlation analysis[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2014,26(2):99-101.
[9]张宪政.作物生理研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:144-216.ZHANG X Z.Crop physiology research methods[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1992:144-216.
[10]张操昊,方俊,田云,等.植物响应低温胁迫的应答机制[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(7):721-726.ZHANG C H,FANG J,TIAN Y,et al.The response mechanism of plant to cold stress[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2009,45(7):721-726.
[11]李文明,辛建攀,魏驰宇,等.植物抗寒性研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(12):6-11.LI W M,XIN J P,WEI C Y,et al.Research progress of plant cold resistance[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(12):6-11.
[12]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.SHAO Y R,XU J X,XUE L,et al.Effects of low temperature stress on physiological-biochemical indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings of four plant species[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[13]刘奕清.低温胁迫下两种桉树的生理响应特征及转录表达差异研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.LIU Y Q.Physiological response characteristics and transcriptomic comparsion of two Eucalyptu trees under low temperature stress[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.
[14]张淑英,褚贵新,梁永超.不同铵硝配比对低温胁迫棉花幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):721-729.ZHANG S Y,CHU G X,LIANG Y C.Impacts of different ammonium/nitrate ratios on the growth and antioxidant defense enzyme activities in cotton seedlings exposed to low-temperature stress[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(3):721-729.
[15]吴中军,赵亚特.低温胁迫对彩叶草幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(2):132-135.WU Z J,ZHAO Y T.Effect of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Coleus blumei seedlings[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2009,31(2):132-135.
[16]CYRIL J,POWELL G L,DUNCAN R R,et al.Changes in membrane polar lipid fatty acids of seashore paspalum in response to low temperature exposure[J].Crop Science,2002,42(6):2031-2037.
[17]葛体达,隋方功,白莉萍,等.水分胁迫下夏玉米根叶保护酶活性变化及其对膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(5):922-928.GE T D,SUI F G,BAI L P,et al.Effects of water stress on the protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in roots and leaves of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(5):922-928.
[18]HUDA K M K,BANU M A S,YADAV S,et al.Salinity and drought tolerant Os ACA6 enhances cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco by interacting with stress-inducible proteins[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2014,82(3):229-238.
[19]杜秀敏,殷文璇,赵彦修,等.植物中活性氧的产生及清除机制[J].生物工程学报,2001,17(2):121-125.DU X M,YIN W X,ZHAO Y X,et al.The production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in plants[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2001,17(2):121-125.
[20]何雨沩.低温胁迫下草莓NADPH氧化酶在ROS形成中的作用[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.HE Y W.Effect of low temperature stress the role of NADPH oxidase in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.
[21]李林川,瞿礼嘉.生长素对拟南芥叶片发育调控的研究进展[J].植物学通报,2006,23(5):459-465.LI L C,QU L J.Regulation of leaf development by auxin in Arabidopsis[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2006,23(5):459-465.
[22]GAO X,YUAN H M,HU Y Q,et al.Mutation of Arabidopsis CATALASE2 results in hyponastic leaves by changes of auxin levels[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2014,37(1):175.
[23]杨雪梅,苑兆和,尹燕雷,等.不同石榴品种抗寒性综合评价[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(2):46-51.YANG X M,YUAN Z H,YIN Y L,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance of different pomegranate cultivars[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2014,46(2):46-51.
[24]VERBRUGGEN N,HERMANS C.Proline accumulation in plants:a review[J].Amino Acids,2008,35(4):753-759.
[25]王以斌,缪锦来,姜英辉,等.脯氨酸和可溶性糖在南极冰藻低温适应机制中的作用[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(2):198-202.WANG Y B,MIAO J L,JIANG Y H,et al.Roles of proline and soluble sugar in the cold-adaptation of Antarctic Ice Microalgae[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2016,32(2):198-202.
[26]宋广树,孙忠富,孙蕾,等.东北中部地区水稻不同生育时期低温处理下生理变化及耐冷性比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3788-3795.SONG G S,SUN Z F,SUN L,et al.Comparison between physiological properties and cold tolerance under low temperature treatment during different growing stages of rice in northeast central region of China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(13):3788-3795.
[27]WANG Y,YANG H F,LI S D.Studies on chilling injury and cold hardiness of horticultural crops:a literature review[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1994,21(3):239-244.
[28]LIANG L H,MEI X,LIN F,et al.Effect of low temperature stress on tissue structure and physiological index of cashew young leaves[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(l):317-320.
[29]江锡兵,宋跃朋,马开峰,等.低温胁迫下美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种无性系若干生理指标变化研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(1):58-63.JIANG X B,SONG Y P,MA K F,et al.Changes of several physiological indices in hybrid clones of Populus deltoides Bartr.×P.ussuriensis Kom.under low temperature stress[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(1):58-63.
[30]易建华,孙在军.烟草光合作用对低温的响应[J].作物学报,2004,30(6):582-588.YI J H,SUN Z J.Responses of photosynthesis to different low temperatures in tobacco seedlings leaves[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2004,30(6):582-588.