生长年限对苜蓿和柠条光合特征及土壤水分的影响
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摘要
为了探究生长年限对衰败期苜蓿和中老龄柠条的叶片光合生理特征及土壤水分的影响,在2014年于地处黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带强烈侵蚀中心的神木六道沟小流域,测定了不同生长年限苜蓿(ALF_(10)、ALF_(13)、ALF_(33)和ALF_(49))和柠条(KOP_(10)、KOP_(25)、KOP_(43)和KOP_(73))的叶片光合参数、叶结构性状参数以及0～400 cm土层土壤体积含水量(SWC_(0-400))。结果表明:对于衰败期苜蓿,ALF_(10)和ALF_(13)叶片净光合速率(P_n)差异不显著(P>0.05),而后随生长年限的延长逐渐降低,ALF_(33)和ALF_(49)比ALF_(13)叶片的P_n(24.01μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))分别降低了2.32μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和7.76μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。相比ALF_(10),随生长年限延长SWC_(0-400)恢复至10.88%(ALF_(13)),而后随着生长年限延长降低至8.81%(ALF_(33))和6.12%(ALF_(49))。土壤水分对ALF_(33)的限制作用不明显,水分胁迫使ALF_(49)非气孔限制值比ALF_(33)增大了0.340。对于中老龄期柠条,叶片P_n随生长年限的延长先升高后降低,KOP_(25)和KOP_(43)叶片P_n最大且两者差异不显著(P>0.05),比KOP_(10)(6.62μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))分别增大了6.57μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和7.66μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),KOP_(73)比KOP_(43)叶片P_n降低了4.95μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。对于同为黄绵土生长的KOP_(10)、KOP_(43)和KOP_(73),SWC_(0-400)随生长年限延长逐渐上升,分别为8.50%、9.06%和10.71%。土壤水分恢复使KOP_(43)叶片气孔及非气孔限制值比KOP_(10)柠条降低了0.185和2.180。此外,柠条叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)与P_n呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),相关系数为0.514。研究结果表明衰败期苜蓿和中老龄期柠条叶片光合性能呈波动式变化,这与土壤水分的相互作用有关。
In order to explore the effect of growing age of Medicago sativa and Caragana korshinkii on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and soil moisture, we studied the dynamics of leaf photosynthetic parameters, leaf traits and soil volume-tric water content at the 0～400 cm soil depth(SWC_(0-400)) of Medicago sativa in degraded period(ALF_(10), ALF_(13), ALF_(33), andALF_(49)) and Caragana korshinkii in middle-and old-aged period(KOP_(10), KOP_(25), KOP_(43), and KOP_(73)). This study was conducted in 2014 at the Liudaogou catchment located in the severe erosion center of wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that leaf photosyntheticrate(P_n) was not significantly different between ALF_(10) and ALF_(13)(P>0.05), and gradually decreased with growing age(ALF_(33 )andALF_(49)). Compared with ALF_(13), P_n of ALF_(33 )and ALF_(49) decreased 2.32 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) and 7.76 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively. Compared with ALF_(10), SWC_(0-400) increased to 10.88%(ALF_(13)) and then decreased to 8.81%(ALF_(33)) and 6.12%(ALF_(49)). The limitation of soil moisture on ALF_(33) was not significant, but water stress increased 0.340 of the non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis for ALF_(49). As to C. korshinskii, P_n increased first and then decreased with increasing growing age. P_n of KOP_(25) and KOP_(43 )was not significantly different(P>0.05), and they were 6.57 and 7.66 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively, greater than KOP_(10). Compared with KOP_(43), P_n of KOP_(73 ) decreased 4.95 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1). SWC_(0-400) increased with growing age for KOP_(10)(8.50%), KOP_(43)(9.06%), and KOP_(73)(10.71%), which all grew in Loessial soil. The recovery of soil moisture decreased 0.185 the stomatal and 2.180 non-stomatal limitations for KOP_(43). Moreover, there was significant correlation between relative chlorophyll content and P_n for C. korshinskii(P<0.001, r=0.514). Collectively, results from our study indicated that leaf photosynthetic parameters fluctuated with increasing age for M. sativa in degraded period and C. korshinskii in middle-and old-aged period, which was related to changes in soil moisture.
In order to explore the effect of growing age of Medicago sativa and Caragana korshinkii on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and soil moisture, we studied the dynamics of leaf photosynthetic parameters, leaf traits and soil volume-tric water content at the 0～400 cm soil depth(SWC_(0-400)) of Medicago sativa in degraded period(ALF_(10), ALF_(13), ALF_(33), andALF_(49)) and Caragana korshinkii in middle-and old-aged period(KOP_(10), KOP_(25), KOP_(43), and KOP_(73)). This study was conducted in 2014 at the Liudaogou catchment located in the severe erosion center of wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that leaf photosyntheticrate(P_n) was not significantly different between ALF_(10) and ALF_(13)(P>0.05), and gradually decreased with growing age(ALF_(33 )andALF_(49)). Compared with ALF_(13), P_n of ALF_(33 )and ALF_(49) decreased 2.32 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) and 7.76 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively. Compared with ALF_(10), SWC_(0-400) increased to 10.88%(ALF_(13)) and then decreased to 8.81%(ALF_(33)) and 6.12%(ALF_(49)). The limitation of soil moisture on ALF_(33) was not significant, but water stress increased 0.340 of the non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis for ALF_(49). As to C. korshinskii, P_n increased first and then decreased with increasing growing age. P_n of KOP_(25) and KOP_(43 )was not significantly different(P>0.05), and they were 6.57 and 7.66 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively, greater than KOP_(10). Compared with KOP_(43), P_n of KOP_(73 ) decreased 4.95 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1). SWC_(0-400) increased with growing age for KOP_(10)(8.50%), KOP_(43)(9.06%), and KOP_(73)(10.71%), which all grew in Loessial soil. The recovery of soil moisture decreased 0.185 the stomatal and 2.180 non-stomatal limitations for KOP_(43). Moreover, there was significant correlation between relative chlorophyll content and P_n for C. korshinskii(P<0.001, r=0.514). Collectively, results from our study indicated that leaf photosynthetic parameters fluctuated with increasing age for M. sativa in degraded period and C. korshinskii in middle-and old-aged period, which was related to changes in soil moisture.
引文
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[16] 孙东宝,王庆锁.水分对苜蓿叶片光合特性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(1):72-80.
[17] 杨泽粟,张强,郝小翠.自然条件下半干旱雨养春小麦生育后期旗叶光合的气孔和非气孔限制[J].中国农业生态学报,2015,23(2):175-182.
[18] 梁海斌,史建伟,牛俊杰,等.晋西北黄土丘陵区不同林龄柠条地土壤水分变化特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(6):143-148.
[19] Jia X X,Shao M A,Zhu Y J,et al.Soil moisture decline due to afforestation across the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,546:113-122.
[2] 张素霞,吕家珑,杨瑜琪,等.黄土高原不同植被坡地土壤无机磷形态分布研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(1):29-32.
[3] Wang Y Q,Shao M A,Liu Z P.Large-scale spatial variability of dried soil layers and related factors across the entire Loess Plateau of China[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1-2):99-108.
[4] 胡守林,万素梅,贾志宽,等.黄土高原半湿润区不同生长年限苜蓿叶片光合性能研究[J].草业学报,2008,17(5):60-67.
[5] 万素梅,贾志宽,郑建明.黄土高原地区不同生长年限苜蓿光合作用的日变化规律研究[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(6):992-1003.
[6] 程积民,程杰,高阳.半干旱区退耕地紫花苜蓿生长特性与土壤水分生态效应[J].草地学报,2011,19(4):565-569,576.
[7] 任晶晶,李军,王学春,等.宁南半干旱与半干旱偏旱区苜蓿草地土壤水分与养分特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3638-3649.
[8] 王志强,刘宝元,张岩.不同植被类型对厚层黄土剖面水分含量的影响[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):703-713.
[9] 鲍婧婷,王进,苏洁琼.不同林龄柠条(Caragana korshinskii)的光合特征和水分利用特征[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):199-205.
[10] 程积民,万惠娥,王静,等.半干旱区柠条生长与土壤水分消耗过程研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(2):37-41.
[11] 李扬,孙洪仁,沈月,等.紫花苜蓿根系生物量垂直分布规律[J].草地学报,2012,20(5):793-799.
[12] 金风霞,麻冬梅,武东波,等.不同种植年限苜蓿叶片光合生理生态特性的研究[J].北方园艺,2013,22:70-73.
[13] 曹永红,贾志宽,韩清芳.苜蓿生长年限对其产量及土壤性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,24(3):104-108.
[14] Wang Y Q,Shao,M A,Shao H B.A preliminary investigation of the dynamic characteristics of dried soil layers on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,381(1-2):9-17.
[15] She D L,Shao M A,Timm L C,et al.Temporal changes of an alfalfa succession and related soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira,2009,44(2):189-196.
[16] 孙东宝,王庆锁.水分对苜蓿叶片光合特性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(1):72-80.
[17] 杨泽粟,张强,郝小翠.自然条件下半干旱雨养春小麦生育后期旗叶光合的气孔和非气孔限制[J].中国农业生态学报,2015,23(2):175-182.
[18] 梁海斌,史建伟,牛俊杰,等.晋西北黄土丘陵区不同林龄柠条地土壤水分变化特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(6):143-148.
[19] Jia X X,Shao M A,Zhu Y J,et al.Soil moisture decline due to afforestation across the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,546:113-122.