橡胶树新发茎杆溃疡病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定
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摘要
2014至2015年,对海南省橡胶树主栽区的病害普查中发现1种新的茎杆溃疡病。该病在海南省部分农场发生严重,为害中小龄胶树和开割树的茎杆,造成树皮隆起并呈褐色,严重时流出白色胶乳,对橡胶树的长势和产胶量造成重要影响。通过形态观察、rDNA-ITS序列比较和聚类分析结果表明,分离自不同地点的8株病原菌均为茄类镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)。菌株HHNBS01的生物学特性表明,CMA、PDA和Czapek培养基中,以蔗糖和硝酸钾为碳源和氮源,30℃,pH6为菌落生长最适条件,15℃,pH6,完全黑暗,D-木糖和草酸铵分别为碳源和氮源是产孢最适条件,30℃,pH7为分生孢子萌发最适条件,而菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度均为60℃10 min。
From 2014 to 2015, a rubber tree disease survey was carried out on main planting regions in Hainan.One kind of new stem canker disease was widely happened on some plantations in Hainan. The pathogen infected the stem virgin and regularly tapped rubber trees. The bark became ridgy and brown, while latex flowed out under serious condition. The growth vigor of disease tree was slide, and latex yield was plunged. Microscopic observation,r DNA-ITS sequences comparison and cluster analysis results showed eight strains from different rubber tree plantations were all Fusarium solani. The optimum condition for mycelial growth of strain HHNBS01 included CMA, PDA or Czapek medium, 30 ℃, pH6, carbon and nitrogen. The optimum condition for conidia production was 15 ℃, pH6, complete dark, D-xylose and ammonium oxalate. 30 ℃ and pH7 were the suitable condition for the germination of conidia, while the lethal temperature for mycelium and conidia was 60 ℃ for 10 min.
From 2014 to 2015, a rubber tree disease survey was carried out on main planting regions in Hainan.One kind of new stem canker disease was widely happened on some plantations in Hainan. The pathogen infected the stem virgin and regularly tapped rubber trees. The bark became ridgy and brown, while latex flowed out under serious condition. The growth vigor of disease tree was slide, and latex yield was plunged. Microscopic observation,r DNA-ITS sequences comparison and cluster analysis results showed eight strains from different rubber tree plantations were all Fusarium solani. The optimum condition for mycelial growth of strain HHNBS01 included CMA, PDA or Czapek medium, 30 ℃, pH6, carbon and nitrogen. The optimum condition for conidia production was 15 ℃, pH6, complete dark, D-xylose and ammonium oxalate. 30 ℃ and pH7 were the suitable condition for the germination of conidia, while the lethal temperature for mycelium and conidia was 60 ℃ for 10 min.
引文
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[21]李金花,王蒂,柴兆祥,等.甘肃省马铃薯镰刀菌干腐病优势病原的分离鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2011,41(5):456-463.
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[26]王宽仓,查仙芳,沈瑞清.宁夏荒漠菌物志[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2009.
[27]张汝祥.安徽省大豆镰孢根腐病菌鉴定及生物学特性研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2012.
[28]蒋桂芝,王勇芳,周明.两种镰刀菌引起的橡胶树病害[J].热带农业科技,2014,02:11-13.
[29]Li B X,Shi T,Liu X B,et al.First Report of Rubber Tree Stem Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China[J].Plant Disease,2014,98(7):1 008.
[2]曾霞,郑服丛,黄茂芳,等.世界天然橡胶技术现状与展望[J].中国热带农业,2014(1):31-36
[3]中研网.2014年1-10月我国进口天然橡胶数据.[EB/OL]http://www.chinairn.com/news/20141205/143724863.shtml
[4]华南热带作物学院.热带作物病虫害防治学[M].第2版.北京:农业出版社,1993:66-70.
[5]刘秀娟,杨业铜,冷怀琼.我国植胶垦区橡胶树炭疽病菌的种型鉴定[J].热带作物学报,1987,8(1):93-101.
[6]P.Hoolliday,黄雅志.橡胶树根腐病原菌及其防除措施[J].云南热作科技,1983(4):57-62.
[7]希尔顿,周郁文,李芳.橡胶树绯腐病[J].热带作物译丛,1964(3):19-23.
[8]黎辉,朱智强.海南西培农场橡胶树条溃疡病发生规律及防治经验总结[J].热带农业工程,2011,35(2):15-16.
[9]郑服丛.橡胶树流胶病症状表现与防治[EB/OL].http://www.troagri.com.cn/bch/Show Articles.php?url=ADk MY1E%2BVzt QYFtt
[10]肖永清,杨雄飞,李加智.橡胶树茎干溃疡病[J].云南热作科技,1994,17(2):1-3.
[11]李加智,何明霞,张春霞.西双版纳橡胶树一种新的茎干溃疡病[J].热带农业科技,2006,29(3):44.
[12]Cooke D E L,Drenth A,Duncan J M,et al.A molecular phylogeny of Phytophora and related oomycetes[J].Fungal Genetics and Biology,2000,30(1):17-32
[13]方中达.植病研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[14]陈德富,陈喜文.现代分子生物学实验原理与技术(第1版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:100.
[15]White T J,Bruns T,Lee S,et al.Amplification and directsequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics[A]//Gelfand M A D H,Sninsky J J,White T J.PCR Protocols:A Guideto Methods and Applications[M].California:Academic Press,1990:315-322.
[16]Watanabe M,Yonezawa T,Lee K.Molecular phylogeny of the higher and lower taxonomy of the Fusarium genus and differences in the evolutionary histories of multiple genes[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2011,11:322.
[17]沈丽淘.山药根腐病的病原学及防治药剂筛选研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2012.
[18]杨永利,蒲金基,张贺,等.芒果露水斑病病原菌生物学特性测定[J].果树学报,2015,32(2):285-290.
[19]陆家云.植物病原真菌学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[20]潘华奇,张淼,刘丽,等.牛蒡根际土壤致害菌Fusarium solani分离鉴定[J].生物技术,2009,19(5):46-50.
[21]李金花,王蒂,柴兆祥,等.甘肃省马铃薯镰刀菌干腐病优势病原的分离鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2011,41(5):456-463.
[22]赵杰.山东烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原及生物学特性的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[23]曹雪梅.甘草根腐病病原学研究及室内药剂筛选[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[24]冯茜.川芎根腐病病原鉴定、生物学特性和同工酶研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2008.
[25]周亚丽.长春地区蝴蝶兰根腐病病原菌鉴定及化学防治效果研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2007.
[26]王宽仓,查仙芳,沈瑞清.宁夏荒漠菌物志[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2009.
[27]张汝祥.安徽省大豆镰孢根腐病菌鉴定及生物学特性研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2012.
[28]蒋桂芝,王勇芳,周明.两种镰刀菌引起的橡胶树病害[J].热带农业科技,2014,02:11-13.
[29]Li B X,Shi T,Liu X B,et al.First Report of Rubber Tree Stem Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China[J].Plant Disease,2014,98(7):1 008.