北京不同树种吸滞PM2.5特征研究
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摘要
以北京市6种常见树种为研究对象,测定不同园林绿化区PM2.5吸附量和质量浓度,探究绿化树种叶片在不同地区吸附PM2.5的变化规律及其与PM2.5质量浓度间关系。结果表明,不同树种叶片单位面积PM2.5吸附量差异显著,且在不同地点叶片吸附量变化规律基本表现为由"近郊—城区"逐渐下降,各树种叶片PM2.5的吸附量均与大气中PM2.5质量浓度呈正相关关系,其中,柳树(p<0.05)、杨树(p<0.05)和油松(p<0.01)相关性显著;不同地点大气PM2.5质量浓度变化为西山森林公园(108.238μg/m~3)>松山自然保护区(80.522μg/m~3)>北京植物园(76.905μg/m~3)>南海子公园(74.153μg/m~3),表明树种叶片PM2.5吸附量随空气污染的加重而增加。
In order to explore the variation of PM2.5 adsorption on the leaves of green tree species in different regions and their relationship with PM2.5 mass concentration, the six common tree species of Beijing city were used as the research object and PM2.5 adsorption capacity and its mass concentration were determined respectively in different regions. The results showed that PM2.5 of different tree species adsorption capacity of per unit leaf area were obviously different. And the PM2.5 adsorption capacity of leaves tended to decrease from suburban to urban. There was significant correlation between the PM2.5 adsorption of leaves and PM2.5 concentration in the atmosphere, especially the Salix babylonica(p<0.05), Populus(p<0.05) and Pinustabuliformis(p<0.01); PM2.5concentration in different areas decreased in the order of Xishan Forest Park(108.238 μg/m~3), Songshan Nature Reserve(80.522 μg/m~3), Beijing Botanical Garden(76.905 μg/m~3), Nanhaizi Park(74.153 μg/m~3). The PM2.5adsorption capacity in tree species increased along with the increase of air pollution.
In order to explore the variation of PM2.5 adsorption on the leaves of green tree species in different regions and their relationship with PM2.5 mass concentration, the six common tree species of Beijing city were used as the research object and PM2.5 adsorption capacity and its mass concentration were determined respectively in different regions. The results showed that PM2.5 of different tree species adsorption capacity of per unit leaf area were obviously different. And the PM2.5 adsorption capacity of leaves tended to decrease from suburban to urban. There was significant correlation between the PM2.5 adsorption of leaves and PM2.5 concentration in the atmosphere, especially the Salix babylonica(p<0.05), Populus(p<0.05) and Pinustabuliformis(p<0.01); PM2.5concentration in different areas decreased in the order of Xishan Forest Park(108.238 μg/m~3), Songshan Nature Reserve(80.522 μg/m~3), Beijing Botanical Garden(76.905 μg/m~3), Nanhaizi Park(74.153 μg/m~3). The PM2.5adsorption capacity in tree species increased along with the increase of air pollution.
引文
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[2]杨洪斌,邹旭东,汪宏宇,等.大气环境中PM2.5的研究进展与展望[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):77-82.
[3]王兵,张维康,牛香,等.北京10个常绿树种颗粒物吸附能力研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):408-414.
[4]丁峰.北京:2014年PM2.5年均浓度同比下降4.0%.[EB/OL]新华网2015-1-4:http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2015-01/04/c_1113867637.htm.
[5]NRIAGU J O.A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals[J].Nature,1989,338(6 210):47-49.
[6]HWANG H J,YOOK S J,AHN K H.Experimental investigation of submicron and ultrafine soot particle removal by tree leaves[J].Atmospher ic Environment,2011,45(38):6 987-6 994.
[7]江胜利,金荷仙,周金富,等.杭州地区常见行道树滞尘效益研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):282-288.
[8]戴斯迪,马克明,宝乐.北京城区行道树国槐叶面尘分布及重金属污染特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5 095-5 102.
[9]王赞红,李纪标.城市街道常绿灌木植物叶片滞尘能力及滞尘颗粒物形态[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):327-330.
[10]方颖.城市森林绿地系统的生态环境功能研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2006.
[11]吴志萍,王成,侯晓静,等.6种城市绿地空气PM2.5浓度变化规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(4):494-498.
[12]WEDDING J.B.,CARLSON R.W.,STUKEL J.J.,et al.Aerosol deposition on plant leaves[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1975,9(2):151-153.
[13]王蕾,高尚玉,刘连友,等.北京市11种园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):597-601.
[14]刘璐,管东生,陈永勤.广州市常见行道树种叶片表面形态与滞尘能力[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2 604-2 614.
[15]齐飞艳,朱彦锋,赵勇,等.郑州市园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):256-259.
[16]房瑶瑶,王兵,牛香.叶片表面粗糙度对颗粒物滞纳能力及洗脱特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):110-115.
[17]SABIN L D,HEE LJ,TERESA V M,et al.Dry deposition and resuspension of particle-associated metals near a freeway in Los Angeles[J].At mospheric Environment,2006,40(39):7 528-7 538.
[18]DZIERZANOWSKI K,POPEKR,GAWRONSK H,et al.Deposition of particulate matter of different size fractions on leaf surfaces and in waxes of urban forest species[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2011,13(10):1 037-1 046.
[19]TOMASEVIC M,VUKMIROVIC Z,RAJSIC S,et al.Characterization of trace metal particles deposited on some deciduous tree leaves in an urban area[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(6):753-760.
[20]KRETININ V M,SELYANINAZ M.Dust retention by tree and shrub leaves and its accumulation in light chestnut soils under forest shelter belts[J].Eurasian Soil Science,2006,39(3):334-338.
[21]张灵艺,秦华.城市园林绿地滞尘研究进展及发展方向[J].风景园林植物,2015,64(5):64-68.
[22]邱媛,管东生,宋巍巍.惠州城市植被的滞尘效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2 455-2 462.
[23]马晓龙,贾媛媛,赵荣.城市绿地系统效益评价模型的构架与应用[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(5):28-30.