天津机场高羊茅草坪建植稳定性以及与机场本地植物的竞争
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摘要
为了探究高羊茅在机场草坪建植中的稳定性与可行性,利用高密度条播方法在天津滨海国际机场进行了高羊茅单一草坪建植.运用野外取样调查方法,通过对植物优势度和地上生物量增长率的分析,研究了高羊茅和本地植物的数量特征以及它们之间的竞争关系.结果表明:非建植区植物种类多达67种,草坪建植3 a后,在高羊茅建植区植物种类只有14种,隶属于9科14属,高羊茅为建群种,本地植物以禾本科和菊科为主.本地植物物种的密度、高度和频度均显著低于高羊茅的数值.生长季初期,本地植物生产效率较高,6月份后,本地植物地上生物量的增长速率均小于高羊茅的数值,生长缓慢,处于竞争劣势.这些结果说明高羊茅建植区有利于达到群落物种单一化,可以实现长期建植.
In order to explore the stability and feasibility of Festuca arundinacea in the establishment of airport lawn,the single turf of F. arundinacea was planted by high-density drill method in Tianjin Binhai International Airport. The quantitative characteristics and competitive relationship of F. arundinacea with native plants were studied through analysis of plant domi-nance and aboveground biomass growth rate by quadrat method. The results showed that there were 67 species of plants in non-planting areas,and only 14 species of plants existed in the establishment area of F. arundinacea after three years of turf planting,which belonged to 9 families and 14 genera. F. arundinacea was a constructive species,and Gramineae and Compositae were the main native plants. The density,height and frequency of native plant species were significantly lower than those of F. arundinacea. At the beginning of the growing season,the production efficiency of native plants was high. After June,the growth rate of aboveground biomass of native plants was lower than that of F. arundinacea,and the growth of native plants was slow,which was at a competitive disadvantage. These results indicated that the planting area of F. arundinacea was conducive to the monotony of community species and could realize long-term planting.
In order to explore the stability and feasibility of Festuca arundinacea in the establishment of airport lawn,the single turf of F. arundinacea was planted by high-density drill method in Tianjin Binhai International Airport. The quantitative characteristics and competitive relationship of F. arundinacea with native plants were studied through analysis of plant domi-nance and aboveground biomass growth rate by quadrat method. The results showed that there were 67 species of plants in non-planting areas,and only 14 species of plants existed in the establishment area of F. arundinacea after three years of turf planting,which belonged to 9 families and 14 genera. F. arundinacea was a constructive species,and Gramineae and Compositae were the main native plants. The density,height and frequency of native plant species were significantly lower than those of F. arundinacea. At the beginning of the growing season,the production efficiency of native plants was high. After June,the growth rate of aboveground biomass of native plants was lower than that of F. arundinacea,and the growth of native plants was slow,which was at a competitive disadvantage. These results indicated that the planting area of F. arundinacea was conducive to the monotony of community species and could realize long-term planting.
引文
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[20]柳毅,徐焕然,袁红,等.天津滨海国际机场鸟类群落结构及多样性特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):740-746.LIU Y,XU H R,YUAN H,et al.Bird community structure and diversity at Tianjin Binhai International Airport[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(3):740-746(in Chinese).
[21]LIU B,ZHAO W Z,LIU Z L,et al.Changes in species diversity,aboveground biomass,and vegetation cover along an afforestation successional gradient in a semiarid desert steppe of China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81:301-311.
[22]LOURENS P,FRANS B,AIDE T,et al.Biomass resilience of Neotropical secondary forests[J].Nature,2016,530(7589):211-214.
[23]王建林,冯西博,付刚,等.青藏高原栽培大麦千粒重空间分布格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1114-1123.WANG J L,FENG X B,FU G,et al.Relationship between spatial distribution pattern and factors affecting weight per thousand seeds of cultivated barley in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):1114-1123(in Chinese).
[24]王占军,李生宝,蒋齐,等.柠条不同种植密度对植物群落稳定性影响的研究[J].草业与畜牧,2006(10):9-12.WANG Z J,LI S B,JIANG Q,et al.Research on effect of different planting density of Caragana on stability of plant community[J].Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2006(10):9-12(in Chinese).
[25]DONG T F,ZHANG Y X,ZHANG Y B,et al.Continuous planting under a high density enhances the competition for nutrients among young Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings[J].Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(2):331-339.
[26]MANGLA S,SHELEY R L,JAMES J J,et al.Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth[J].Plant Ecology,2011,212(4):531-542.
[27]ARMIN M,ASGHRIPOUR M.Effect of plant density on wild oat competition with competitive and non competitive wheat cultivars[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2011,10(10):1554-1561.
[28]董仲生,余丁,李暾旭,等.机场永久免维护草坪建植研究-以昆明巫家坝机场东非狼尾草草坪为例[J].草业科学,2011,28(3):380-385.DONG Z S,YU D,LI T X,et al.Study establishment of airport maintenanle free lawn-A case study at Kunming Wujiaba Pennisetum clandestinum lawn[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(3):380-385(in Chinese).
[29]刘佳琦,李有涵,曾影,等.沟叶结缕草草坪杂草群落的时空动态[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):401-407.LIU J Q,LI Y H,ZENG Y,et al.Spatial and temporal dynamics of the weed community in the Zoysia matrella lawn[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):401-407(in Chinese).
[2]张黎明,涂鹏,吴炜,等.南昌青云谱机场鸟击防范措施研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(2):141-147.ZHANG L M,TU P,WU W,et al.On birdstrike disasters avoidance of Nanchang Qingyunpu Airport[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,42(2):141-147(in Chinese).
[3]BLACKWELL B F,SEAMANS T W,LINNELL K,et al.Effects of visual obstruction,prey resources,and satiety on bird use of simulated airport grasslands[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2016,185:113-120.
[4]PATTON A J,SCHWARTZ B M,KENWORTHY K E.Zoysiagrass(spp.)history,utilization,and improvement in the United States:Areview[J].Crop Science,2017,57:37-72.
[5]杜娟,江玉林,左旭,等.北京首都国际机场飞行区喷播植草技术研究[J].中国园林,2000,72(6):77-79.DU J,JIANG Y L,ZUO X,et al.Research on spray-planting grass in Beijing Capital International Airport flight area[J].Journal of Chinese Landscape Architecture,2000,72(6):77-79(in Chinese).
[6]MEHMET K A,魻NDER A,MEHMET Z S.Economic and environmental optimization of an airport terminal building′s wall and roof insulation[J].Sustainability,2017,9(10):1849-1867.
[7]张玉芳.机场跑道整修工程的施工监理[J].建筑安全,2018(1):43-45.ZHANG Y F.Construction supervision of airport runway repair project[J].Construction Safety,2018(1):43-45(in Chinese).
[8]ZHANG Y,CHIEW F,PEA A J,et al.Global variation of transpiration and soil evaporation and the role of their major climate drivers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2017,122(13):6868-6881.
[9]王亚婷,范连连.热岛效应对植物生长的影响以及叶片形态构成的适应性[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5992-5998.WANG Y T,FAN L L.Effect of urban heat island on plant growth and adaptability of leaf morphology constitute[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(20):5992-5998(in Chinese).
[10]王杰,时祥红,张天旺.郑州新郑国际机场春季草地杂草调查[J].湖北林业科技,2016,45(6):78-80.WANG J,SHI X H,ZHANG T W.Investigation on weeds in spring grassland of Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport[J].Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,2016,45(6):78-80(in Chinese).
[11]周华坤,赵新全,赵亮,等.高山草甸垂穗披碱草人工草地群落特征及稳定性研究[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(2):13-25.ZHOU H K,ZHAO X Q,ZHAO L,et al.The community characteristics and stability of the Elymus nutans artificial grassland in alpine meadow[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,29(2):13-25(in Chinese).
[12]宋华伟,邓铭,刘颖,等.不同建植方式对兰引3号结缕草无土草皮质量的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(1):63-68.SONG H W,DENG M,LIU Y,et al.Influence of different planting methods on‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’zoysiagrass soilless sod quality[J].Pratacultural Science,2018,35(1):63-68(in Chinese).
[13]MENEGON A,MACOLINO S,MCCALLA J H,et al.Turf quality and species dynamics in bermudagrass and kentucky bluegrass mixtures[J].Agronomy Journal,2017,109(4):1502-1509.
[14]杨勇,胡龙兴,刘志武,等.过渡带气候区高尔夫球场草种的适应性及综合质量评价[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):393-399.YANG Y,HU L X,LIU Z W,et al.Adaptability and comprehensive quality evaluation of turfgrass species for golf courses in transition zone[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(2):393-399(in Chinese).
[15]王彬,谢应忠.高羊茅逆境生理研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2007,28(1):56-60.WANG B,XIE Y Z.Progress of stress physiology of Festuca arundinacea[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,28(1):56-60(in Chinese).
[16]YURKONIS K A,DRYSTEK E,MAHERALI H,et al.The effect of endophyte presence on Schedonorus arundinaceus,establishment varies with grassland community structure[J].Oecologia,2014,174(4):1377-1386.
[17]KYOUNGNAM K.Comparison of underground root growth characteristics of major cool-season grasses according to establishment stages in sports turf designed by the USGA soil system[J].Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology,2015,33(2):166-176.
[18]陈建雄,王蕾.草坪建植与养护技术探析[J].园艺与种苗,2014(2):54-56.CHEN J X,WANG L.Discussion on technology of lawn establishment and maintenance[J].Horticulture&Seed,2014(2):54-56(in Chinese).
[19]白静仁,李向林,龚真,等.亚热带山地5个高羊茅品种生产性能的比较[J].中国草地学报,2001,23(2):30-33.BAI J R,LI X L,GONG Z,et al.Performance comparason among five tall fescue varieties on subtropic monuntain[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2001,23(2):30-33(in Chinese).
[20]柳毅,徐焕然,袁红,等.天津滨海国际机场鸟类群落结构及多样性特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):740-746.LIU Y,XU H R,YUAN H,et al.Bird community structure and diversity at Tianjin Binhai International Airport[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(3):740-746(in Chinese).
[21]LIU B,ZHAO W Z,LIU Z L,et al.Changes in species diversity,aboveground biomass,and vegetation cover along an afforestation successional gradient in a semiarid desert steppe of China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81:301-311.
[22]LOURENS P,FRANS B,AIDE T,et al.Biomass resilience of Neotropical secondary forests[J].Nature,2016,530(7589):211-214.
[23]王建林,冯西博,付刚,等.青藏高原栽培大麦千粒重空间分布格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1114-1123.WANG J L,FENG X B,FU G,et al.Relationship between spatial distribution pattern and factors affecting weight per thousand seeds of cultivated barley in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):1114-1123(in Chinese).
[24]王占军,李生宝,蒋齐,等.柠条不同种植密度对植物群落稳定性影响的研究[J].草业与畜牧,2006(10):9-12.WANG Z J,LI S B,JIANG Q,et al.Research on effect of different planting density of Caragana on stability of plant community[J].Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2006(10):9-12(in Chinese).
[25]DONG T F,ZHANG Y X,ZHANG Y B,et al.Continuous planting under a high density enhances the competition for nutrients among young Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings[J].Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(2):331-339.
[26]MANGLA S,SHELEY R L,JAMES J J,et al.Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth[J].Plant Ecology,2011,212(4):531-542.
[27]ARMIN M,ASGHRIPOUR M.Effect of plant density on wild oat competition with competitive and non competitive wheat cultivars[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2011,10(10):1554-1561.
[28]董仲生,余丁,李暾旭,等.机场永久免维护草坪建植研究-以昆明巫家坝机场东非狼尾草草坪为例[J].草业科学,2011,28(3):380-385.DONG Z S,YU D,LI T X,et al.Study establishment of airport maintenanle free lawn-A case study at Kunming Wujiaba Pennisetum clandestinum lawn[J].Pratacultural Science,2011,28(3):380-385(in Chinese).
[29]刘佳琦,李有涵,曾影,等.沟叶结缕草草坪杂草群落的时空动态[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):401-407.LIU J Q,LI Y H,ZENG Y,et al.Spatial and temporal dynamics of the weed community in the Zoysia matrella lawn[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):401-407(in Chinese).