基于多目标模拟退火算法的导航卫星激光星间链路拓扑动态优化
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摘要
根据激光星间链路的技术特点,并考虑导航卫星星间链路需兼顾通信、高精度测量与自主定轨的多重要求,研究了全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)激光星间链路拓扑的动态优化问题。采用有限状态自动机(FSA)思想建立了一种导航卫星激光星间链路的链路周期表。综合卫星平台、轨道动力学、激光终端捕获跟踪性能等工程约束条件,以网络时延和链路空间位置精度因子(PDOP)作为通信性能和高精度测量的量化指标,建立拓扑的多目标优化模型。提出一种基于多目标模拟退火算法(MOSA)的改进算法,求解全局最优拓扑结构,并在某卫星或某条激光链路不可用时进行动态优化。此外,还设计了一种避免冲突的链路交叉算法,改进了多源最小时延路由算法。仿真结果表明:在包括24颗MEO和3颗IGSO卫星的GNSS中,经该算法优化的拓扑结构具有良好的通信和测量性能,能够有效改善网络时延、PDOP值;当个别卫星或个别激光链路不可用时,改进算法计算出的拓扑结构仍能较好地兼顾高速通信与高精度测量性能。
The topology dynamic optimization problem for inter-satellite laser links of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) is studied according to the technical characteristics of inter-satellite laser links. The requirements of communication,high-accuracy measurement and autonomous orbit determination for navigation satellite crosslink are also considered. The periodic tables of inter-satellite laser links for navigation satellite are established via the finite state automation( FSA),and a multi-objective optimization model of topology is set up considering the three engineering constraints as follows: satellite platform,orbit dynamics,acquisition and tracking performance of laser terminal. The two quantitative indices of networks delay and position dilution of precision( PDOP) are used to evaluate the performance ofcommunication and high-accuracy measurement. An improved algorithm based on multi-objective simulated annealing(MOSA) is proposed and used to solve the global optimization topology structure. Dynamic optimizations can be performed especially when some satellites or inter-satellite laser links are unavailable. Meanwhile,a link exchange method with conflict avoidance is applied,as well as an improved multi-sources minimum delay routing algorithm. Finally,simulation results show that the optimized topology has good communication and measurement performance and effectively improves networks delay and PDOP in GNSS which is comprised of 24 mesospheric earth orbit( MEO) and 3 inclined geosynchronization orbit satellite( IGSO) satellites, and the requirements of both high-speed data and high-accuracy measurement are achieved even if individual satellites or inter-satellite laser links are unavailable.
The topology dynamic optimization problem for inter-satellite laser links of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) is studied according to the technical characteristics of inter-satellite laser links. The requirements of communication,high-accuracy measurement and autonomous orbit determination for navigation satellite crosslink are also considered. The periodic tables of inter-satellite laser links for navigation satellite are established via the finite state automation( FSA),and a multi-objective optimization model of topology is set up considering the three engineering constraints as follows: satellite platform,orbit dynamics,acquisition and tracking performance of laser terminal. The two quantitative indices of networks delay and position dilution of precision( PDOP) are used to evaluate the performance ofcommunication and high-accuracy measurement. An improved algorithm based on multi-objective simulated annealing(MOSA) is proposed and used to solve the global optimization topology structure. Dynamic optimizations can be performed especially when some satellites or inter-satellite laser links are unavailable. Meanwhile,a link exchange method with conflict avoidance is applied,as well as an improved multi-sources minimum delay routing algorithm. Finally,simulation results show that the optimized topology has good communication and measurement performance and effectively improves networks delay and PDOP in GNSS which is comprised of 24 mesospheric earth orbit( MEO) and 3 inclined geosynchronization orbit satellite( IGSO) satellites, and the requirements of both high-speed data and high-accuracy measurement are achieved even if individual satellites or inter-satellite laser links are unavailable.
引文
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[20]Gong X Y,Xu S G,Feng W.Influence of cross-link configuration to auto-navigation’s precision[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2017,37(11):1161-1165.龚晓颖,徐韶光,冯威.星间链路构型对自主导航精度的影响分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2017,37(11):1161-1165.
[21]Lei D M,Yan X P.Multiobjective intelligent optimization algorithms and application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:19-21.雷德明,严新平.多目标智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:19-21.
[22]Dijkstra E W.A note on two problems in connexion with graphs[J].Numerische Mathematik,1959,1(1):269-271.
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[2]Esteban J J,García A F,Eichholz J,et al.Optical ranging and data communication in space-based applications[C]∥7thWorkshop on Positioning Navigation and Communication,Dresden:IEEE,2010:19-22.
[3]Gregory M,Heine F F,Lange R,et al.Commercial optical inter-satellite communication at high data rates[J].Optical Engineering,2012,51(3):031202.
[4]Jiang L,Hu Y,Wang C,et al.Optical system in onepoint to multi-point simultaneous space laser communications[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(5):0506001.江伦,胡源,王超,等.一点对多点同时空间激光通信光学系统研究[J].光学学报,2016,36(5):0506001.
[5]ESA.Laser link offers high-speed delivery[EB/OL].(2014-12-05)[2017-05-06].http:∥www.esa.int/Our Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Laser_link_offers_high-speed_delivery.
[6]Xu Y X,Xu M M,Sun J F,et al.Integrated technology of communication and velocity measurement in satellite coherent optical communication[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2 0 1 6,5 3(1 2):1 2 0 6 0 3.许云祥,许蒙蒙,孙建锋,等.卫星相干光通信测速一体化技术研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(12):120603.
[7]Zhang H F,Meng W D,Wu Z B,et al.One way laser ranging and its measuring experiment[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2013,40(3):0308005.张海峰,孟文东,吴志波,等.单向激光测距及其测量试验[J].中国激光,2013,40(3):0308005.
[8]Tang C P,Hu X G,Zhou S S,et al.Centralized autonomous orbit determination Beidou navigation satellites with inter-satellite measurements:preliminary results[J].SCIENTIA SINICA Physica,Mechanica&Astronomica,2017,47(2):029501.唐成盼,胡小工,周善石,等.利用星间双向测距数据进行北斗卫星集中式自主定轨的初步结果分析[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2017,47(2):029501.
[9]Yao Y B,Meng Y S,Bian L,et al.Research status and trends of space laser time and frequency transmission technology[J].Space Electronic Technology,2017,14(5):12-16,21.姚渊博,蒙艳松,边朗,等.空间激光时频传递技术研究现状及趋势[J].空间电子技术,2017,14(5):12-16,21.
[10]Pasynkov V V,Sadovnikov M A,Sumerin V V,et al.The concept and preliminary results of use of satellite laser ranging for GLONASS accuracy improvement[C/OL]∥The 18thInternational Workshop on Laser Ranging.Fujiyoshida,2013:13-02-10.https:∥cddis.nasa.gov/lw18/docs/papers/Session4/13-02-10-Pasinkov.pdf.
[11]Chang H S,Kim B W,Lee C G,et al.FSA-based link assignment and routing in low-earth orbit satellite networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1998,47(3):1037-1048.
[12]Liu Z,Guo W,Deng C L,et al.Perfect match model based link assignment for optical satellite network[C]∥2014 Conference on Communications,June 10-14,2014,NSW,Australia.Sydney:IEEE,14545573.
[13]Zhou Z H.Research of inter-satellite link assignment of LEO satellite networks[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2015.周泽华.低轨卫星网络星间链路分配策略研究[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2015.
[14]Sun H,Hao X P,Feng W Q,et al.Inter-satellite links topology scenario based on minimum PDOP criterion[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011,37(10):1245-1249.孙桦,郝晓鹏,冯文全,等.基于最小PDOP准则的星间链路拓扑方案[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(10):1245-1249.
[15]Wang D H.Research on navigation inter-satellite links networking to optimize ranging and communication[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2014.王东会.面向测距与通信性能优化的卫星导航星间链路组网技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2014.
[16]Shi L Y,Xiang W,Tang X M.A link assignment algorithm applicable to crosslink ranging and data exchange for satellite navigation system[J].Journal of Astronautics,2011,32(9):1971-1977.石磊玉,向为,唐小妹.一种兼顾卫星导航系统星间观测及通信的链路分配算法[J].宇航学报,2011,32(9):1971-1977.
[17]Yan H C,Zhang Q J,Sun Y,et al.Link assignment problem of navigation satellite networks with limited number of inter-satellite links[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(7):2329-2339.燕洪成,张庆君,孙勇,等.星间链路数量受限的导航卫星网络链路分配问题[J].航空学报,2015,36(7):2329-2339.
[18]China Satellite Navigation Office.Beidou navigation satellite system signal in space interface control document open service signal:version 2.1[EB/OL].(2016-11-07)[2017-10-08].http:∥www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/201805/P020180507527106075323.pdf.中国卫星导航系统管理办公室.北斗卫星导航系统空间信号接口控制文件公开服务信号:2.1版[EB/OL].(2016-11-07)[2017-10-08].http:∥www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/201710/P020171202693088949056.pdf.
[19]Yu S Y,Ma J,Tan L Y,et al.Experimental study of acquisition with antenna scanning in intersatellite laser links[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2002,29(6):498-502.于思源,马晶,谭立英,等.激光星间链路中天线扫描捕获技术实验室模拟研究[J].中国激光,2002,29(6):498-502.
[20]Gong X Y,Xu S G,Feng W.Influence of cross-link configuration to auto-navigation’s precision[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2017,37(11):1161-1165.龚晓颖,徐韶光,冯威.星间链路构型对自主导航精度的影响分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2017,37(11):1161-1165.
[21]Lei D M,Yan X P.Multiobjective intelligent optimization algorithms and application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:19-21.雷德明,严新平.多目标智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:19-21.
[22]Dijkstra E W.A note on two problems in connexion with graphs[J].Numerische Mathematik,1959,1(1):269-271.
[23]Kirkpatrick S,Gelatt C D,Jr,Vecchi M P.Optimization by simulated annealing[J].Science,1983,220(4598):606-680.