基于ArcGIS的多准则地震应急避难所选址规划研究
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摘要
地震是极其严重的自然灾害,有可能造成重大伤亡和经济损失。由于城市中人口高度聚集,地震发生时,需将受灾居民快速疏散至应急避难所,因此,应急避难所选址的合理性至关重要。本文提出1种可用于解决选址问题的多准则选址模型,并提出了求解模型的方法。该方法分为3个步骤,首先选择候选应急避难所,其次分析候选避难所的服务范围,最后确定应急避难所的位置。通过案例研究,论证了多准则选址模型在地震应急避难所规划中的有效性。
Earthquakes are extremely serious natural disasters, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. As the population in the city is highly concentrated, it is necessary to evacuate the disaster-affected residents to the emergency shelter once a disaster occurs. Therefore, the rationality of emergency shelter location becomes the focus of research. In this study, a multi-criterion constrained siting model is proposed to solve the siting problem. Then, an iterative method is proposed to solve the model. With the support of Geographical Information System(GIS), this method we developed consists of three steps: selecting candidate shelters, analyzing the space coverage of candidate shelters, and determining the location of the shelters. Finally, through case study, the application of the multi-criterion model and the effectiveness of the corresponding solutions in the planning of urban earthquake shelters are demonstrated.
Earthquakes are extremely serious natural disasters, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. As the population in the city is highly concentrated, it is necessary to evacuate the disaster-affected residents to the emergency shelter once a disaster occurs. Therefore, the rationality of emergency shelter location becomes the focus of research. In this study, a multi-criterion constrained siting model is proposed to solve the siting problem. Then, an iterative method is proposed to solve the model. With the support of Geographical Information System(GIS), this method we developed consists of three steps: selecting candidate shelters, analyzing the space coverage of candidate shelters, and determining the location of the shelters. Finally, through case study, the application of the multi-criterion model and the effectiveness of the corresponding solutions in the planning of urban earthquake shelters are demonstrated.
引文
陈志芬,李俊伟,卢方欣等,2018.城市消防站选址布局优化及对雄安新区的启示.中国安全生产科学技术,14(9):12-17.
冯蔚,朱林,侯建盛等,2016.2014年全球地震灾害概要.震灾防御技术,11(2):420-426.
高伟,程家莹,何宏林等,2018.社区级地震应急避险场所分布的时空差异性评价--以北京丰台区长辛店地区为例.震灾防御技术,13(2):447-459.
郭燕,薄涛,刘晓静,2013.防震减灾能力评估方法及其在汶川地震中的应用.自然灾害学报,22(5):36-43.
赖俊彦,李亦纲,杜晓霞等,2015.新建社区的地震应急避难规划研究.震灾防御技术,10(3):629-638.
潘强,于平阳,2018.加快新旧动能转换的措施建议--以青岛西海岸新区为例.中国经贸导刊(理论版),(5):48-49.
钱洪伟,2017.城市应急避难所灾时运营研究进展与展望.灾害学,32(1):160-165.
青岛市地震局,2015.青岛市地震局2015年依法行政工作计划.(2015-01-16).http://dzj.qingdao.gov.cn/n12441301/n12443794/n12444036/151216135600030403.html.
青岛市统计局,国家统计局青岛调查队,2018-03-16(09).2017年青岛市国民经济和社会发展统计公报.青岛日报.
史晓瑞,商彦蕊,胡佳等,2016.石家庄市应急避难所适宜性评价.震灾防御技术,11(3):656-666.
汤国安,杨昕,2012.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.2版.北京:科学出版社.
魏博,刘敏,张浩等,2010.城市应急避难所规划布局初探.西北大学学报(自然科学版),40(6):1069-1074.
吴健生,郎琨,彭建等,2015.城市防灾避险功能的空间差异性评价--以深圳市经济特区为例.城市规划,39(6):37-42.
谢礼立,曲哲,2016.论土木工程灾害及其防御.自然灾害学报,36(1):1-10.
熊焰,梁芳,乔永军等,2014.北京市地震应急避难所减灾能力评价体系的研究.震灾防御技术,9(4):921-931.
张灿强,张彪,李文华等,2012.北京城区绿地防灾避险功能评估.地理研究,31(12):2301-2309.
中华人民共和国建设部,2007.GB 50413-2007城市抗震防灾规划标准(附条文说明).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
Liu Q.,Ruan X.J.,Shi P.L.,2011.Selection of emergency shelter sites for seismic disasters in mountainous regions:lessons from the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,40(4):926-934.
Nappi M.M.L.,Souza J.C.,2015.Disaster management:hierarchical structuring criteria for selection and location of temporary shelters.Natural Hazards,75(3):2421-2436.
Rahmaniani R.,Shafia M.A.,2013.A study on maximum covering transportation network design with facility location under uncertainty.Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering,30(2):78-93.
Zhao X.J.,Xu W.,Ma Y.J.,et al.,2017.Relationships between evacuation population size,earthquake emergency shelter capacity,and evacuation time.International Journal of Disaster Risk Science,8(4):457-470.
冯蔚,朱林,侯建盛等,2016.2014年全球地震灾害概要.震灾防御技术,11(2):420-426.
高伟,程家莹,何宏林等,2018.社区级地震应急避险场所分布的时空差异性评价--以北京丰台区长辛店地区为例.震灾防御技术,13(2):447-459.
郭燕,薄涛,刘晓静,2013.防震减灾能力评估方法及其在汶川地震中的应用.自然灾害学报,22(5):36-43.
赖俊彦,李亦纲,杜晓霞等,2015.新建社区的地震应急避难规划研究.震灾防御技术,10(3):629-638.
潘强,于平阳,2018.加快新旧动能转换的措施建议--以青岛西海岸新区为例.中国经贸导刊(理论版),(5):48-49.
钱洪伟,2017.城市应急避难所灾时运营研究进展与展望.灾害学,32(1):160-165.
青岛市地震局,2015.青岛市地震局2015年依法行政工作计划.(2015-01-16).http://dzj.qingdao.gov.cn/n12441301/n12443794/n12444036/151216135600030403.html.
青岛市统计局,国家统计局青岛调查队,2018-03-16(09).2017年青岛市国民经济和社会发展统计公报.青岛日报.
史晓瑞,商彦蕊,胡佳等,2016.石家庄市应急避难所适宜性评价.震灾防御技术,11(3):656-666.
汤国安,杨昕,2012.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程.2版.北京:科学出版社.
魏博,刘敏,张浩等,2010.城市应急避难所规划布局初探.西北大学学报(自然科学版),40(6):1069-1074.
吴健生,郎琨,彭建等,2015.城市防灾避险功能的空间差异性评价--以深圳市经济特区为例.城市规划,39(6):37-42.
谢礼立,曲哲,2016.论土木工程灾害及其防御.自然灾害学报,36(1):1-10.
熊焰,梁芳,乔永军等,2014.北京市地震应急避难所减灾能力评价体系的研究.震灾防御技术,9(4):921-931.
张灿强,张彪,李文华等,2012.北京城区绿地防灾避险功能评估.地理研究,31(12):2301-2309.
中华人民共和国建设部,2007.GB 50413-2007城市抗震防灾规划标准(附条文说明).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
Liu Q.,Ruan X.J.,Shi P.L.,2011.Selection of emergency shelter sites for seismic disasters in mountainous regions:lessons from the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,40(4):926-934.
Nappi M.M.L.,Souza J.C.,2015.Disaster management:hierarchical structuring criteria for selection and location of temporary shelters.Natural Hazards,75(3):2421-2436.
Rahmaniani R.,Shafia M.A.,2013.A study on maximum covering transportation network design with facility location under uncertainty.Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering,30(2):78-93.
Zhao X.J.,Xu W.,Ma Y.J.,et al.,2017.Relationships between evacuation population size,earthquake emergency shelter capacity,and evacuation time.International Journal of Disaster Risk Science,8(4):457-470.