后脱贫攻坚期民族地区“弱有所扶”民生建设困境及其完善路径——基于武陵山地区X县16村的调查研究
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摘要
离2020年打赢脱贫攻坚战还有不到2年的时间,民族地区脱贫攻坚任务非常重,还有较大规模的贫困人口,以及较高的贫困发生率,亟需加快做好"弱有所扶"的民生建设,助推弱势群体如期实现脱贫。基于武陵山地区X县16村的问卷调查发现:民族地区贫困农户人力资本严重缺乏,老弱病残人口多,劳动力严重不足,家庭经济十分脆弱;"弱有所扶"的民生建设存在低保兜底保障效用有限,医疗保障不足,对残疾人扶助缺失,养老保险缴费压力大,因贫困"摘帽"的目标压力,贫困农户受助机会显著降低等突出问题。聚焦民族地区弱势群体基本生存和可持续发展,亟需加快建成基于兜底保障、"医疗-养老-助残"、社会参与和发展扶持为主导的"弱有所扶"多层次保障体系。
It is less than two years before winning the battle of poverty eradication in 2020. The task of poverty eradication in ethnic minority areas of China is very difficult because there is a large impoverished population and a high incidence of impoverishment. It is urgent to speed up the livelihood project of targeted poverty eradication and help the disadvantaged groups get out of poverty on time. The questionnaire survey of 16 villages of X County in Wuling Mountains has the following conclusions: in ethnic minority areas, the human capital of poor farmers is seriously inadequate, the number of the elderly and the sick and the disabled is large, the labor force is seriously insufficient, and the family economy is fragile. The targeted poverty eradication project for the vulnerable has obvious weaknesses such as the limitations of the minimum guarantee, inadequate medical security, poor assistance to the disabled, a heavy pressure on the payment of the aging-care insurance fees and on the accomplishment of the project of poverty eradication as well as scarce opportunities for assistance. Focusing on the basic survival and sustainable development of the vulnerable groups in ethnic minority areas of China, it is urgent to establish a multi-level security system based on "medical care and assistance to the aged and the disable" and social participation as well as a poverty-targeted support system.
It is less than two years before winning the battle of poverty eradication in 2020. The task of poverty eradication in ethnic minority areas of China is very difficult because there is a large impoverished population and a high incidence of impoverishment. It is urgent to speed up the livelihood project of targeted poverty eradication and help the disadvantaged groups get out of poverty on time. The questionnaire survey of 16 villages of X County in Wuling Mountains has the following conclusions: in ethnic minority areas, the human capital of poor farmers is seriously inadequate, the number of the elderly and the sick and the disabled is large, the labor force is seriously insufficient, and the family economy is fragile. The targeted poverty eradication project for the vulnerable has obvious weaknesses such as the limitations of the minimum guarantee, inadequate medical security, poor assistance to the disabled, a heavy pressure on the payment of the aging-care insurance fees and on the accomplishment of the project of poverty eradication as well as scarce opportunities for assistance. Focusing on the basic survival and sustainable development of the vulnerable groups in ethnic minority areas of China, it is urgent to establish a multi-level security system based on "medical care and assistance to the aged and the disable" and social participation as well as a poverty-targeted support system.
引文
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(1)Ybarra, M. ,Should I Stay or Should I Go? Why Applicants Leave the Extended Welfare Application Process, Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare,2011,38(1).
(2)汪三贵等:《中国扶贫开发的实践、挑战与政策展望》,《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年第4期.
(3)赵和楠等:《民族地区“精准扶贫”的实施难点与改进建议——基于四省民族贫困区的调查》,《学习与实践》2017年第2期.
(4)莫光辉:《五大发展理念视域下的少数民族地区多维精准脱贫路径》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年第2期.
(5)王延中,王俊霞:《更好发挥社会救助制度的反贫困兜底作用》,《国家行政学院学报》2016年第1期.
(6)李琼等:《少数民族地区社会保障制度减贫的功能及实践》,《甘肃社会科学》2017年第4期.
(7)刘七军等:《精准扶贫视阈下民族地区支出型贫困家庭社会救助路径探析》,《甘肃行政学院学报》2017 年第5期.
(8)兰剑,慈勤英:《社会救助政策的“负激励”风险及其防范》,《西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年第3期.
(9)林闽钢:《新历史条件下“弱有所扶”:何以可能,何以可为?》,《理论探讨》2018年第1期.