小秦岭金矿区小麦和玉米重金属的健康风险评价
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摘要
重金属污染引发的农产品质量安全问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。为了解小秦岭金矿开发引起的重金属污染风险,采集了同点位的农田土壤、小麦和玉米籽粒样品,测定了其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量及其在土壤中的形态;采用指数法和RAC风险评价法分析了土壤重金属的污染风险,采用转移因子和目标风险指数法评价了小麦、玉米籽粒中重金属的健康风险。结果表明:小秦岭金矿区土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量受矿业活动影响强度大,在土壤中累积明显;土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu总量超过了国家限值,呈现污染;Cd、Hg、Cu具有潜在生态风险。小麦和玉米籽粒中Pb以及玉米籽粒中的Cd的平均含量高于国家标准,呈现一定程度的污染;部分小麦样品中的Hg、Cd和部分玉米样品中的Cd超过WHO/FAO安全限值,小麦和玉米籽粒中度Pb平均含量超过欧盟安全标准,说明具有潜在的健康风险。重金属的转移因子表明Cd、Zn及Cu比其他重金属更容易从土壤转移到小麦和玉米籽粒中;通过小麦对重金属的摄入量略高于玉米,远低于WHO/FAO推荐剂量;目标风险指数评价表明,只消费小麦或玉米基本不产生健康风险,但同时消费矿区生长的小麦和玉米具有较高的Pb健康风险。
The quality and safety of agricultural products caused by heavy metal pollution has become the focus of the whole society.In order to understand the risk of heavy metal pollution caused by the development of the Xiaoqinling gold mine,samples of farmland soils,wheat and maize grains were collected at the same sites to test the contents and forms of Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Cu and Zn in the soil.The risk of heavy metal pollution in soils was analyzed by exponential method and RAC risk assessment method.The health risk of heavy metals in wheat and maize kernels was evaluated by transfer factor and target risk index.The results show that the contents of Hg,Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in the soil of Xiaoqinling gold mining area are greatly influenced by the mining activities and present distinct accumulated effect on the soil.The total amount of Hg,Cd,Pb and Cu in the soil exceeds the national limit,showing that Cd,Hg and Cu have potential risk for ecology.The average content of Pb in wheat and maize grains and the average content of Cd in maize grains are higher than the national standards,showing a certain degree of pollution.Hg and Cd in some wheat samples and Cd in some maize samples exceed the WHO/FAO safety limits and but the average Pb concentration in maize kernels exceeds EU safety standards,indicating potential health risks.The heavy metal transfer factors indicate that Cd,Zn and Cu are more easily transported from soil to wheat and maize grain than other heavy metals.The intake of heavy metals by wheat is slightly higher than that of corn,but much lower than that WHO/FAO recommended dose.The evaluation of target risk index shows that consuming only wheat or corn poses little health risk,but consuming wheat and corn grown in the mining areas have high Pb health risks.
The quality and safety of agricultural products caused by heavy metal pollution has become the focus of the whole society.In order to understand the risk of heavy metal pollution caused by the development of the Xiaoqinling gold mine,samples of farmland soils,wheat and maize grains were collected at the same sites to test the contents and forms of Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Cu and Zn in the soil.The risk of heavy metal pollution in soils was analyzed by exponential method and RAC risk assessment method.The health risk of heavy metals in wheat and maize kernels was evaluated by transfer factor and target risk index.The results show that the contents of Hg,Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in the soil of Xiaoqinling gold mining area are greatly influenced by the mining activities and present distinct accumulated effect on the soil.The total amount of Hg,Cd,Pb and Cu in the soil exceeds the national limit,showing that Cd,Hg and Cu have potential risk for ecology.The average content of Pb in wheat and maize grains and the average content of Cd in maize grains are higher than the national standards,showing a certain degree of pollution.Hg and Cd in some wheat samples and Cd in some maize samples exceed the WHO/FAO safety limits and but the average Pb concentration in maize kernels exceeds EU safety standards,indicating potential health risks.The heavy metal transfer factors indicate that Cd,Zn and Cu are more easily transported from soil to wheat and maize grain than other heavy metals.The intake of heavy metals by wheat is slightly higher than that of corn,but much lower than that WHO/FAO recommended dose.The evaluation of target risk index shows that consuming only wheat or corn poses little health risk,but consuming wheat and corn grown in the mining areas have high Pb health risks.
引文
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Caussy D,Gochfeld M,Gurzau E,Neagu C,H Ruedel H.2003.Lessons from case studies of metals:investigating exposure,bioavailability,and risk.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,56(1):45~51.
Chary N S,Kamala C T,Raj D S.2008.Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer.Ecotoxicology and environmental Safety,69(3):513~524.
Chang Yuhu,Zhao Yuanyi,Cao Chong,Shan Yun,Cao Qiang.2015.Characteristics of heavy metals content and assessment of health risk in different environment media in the Dexing copper mining area.Acta Geologica Sinica,89(5):889~908(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Long,Zhao Yuanyi,Chang Yuhu.2016.Ecological and health risk assessment of Daicun,Leping city,Jiangxi province.Geological review,62(B11):259~260(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chien L C,Hung T C,Choang K Y,Yeh C Y,Meng P J.2002.Daily intake of TBT,Cu,Zn,Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan.Science of the Total Environment,285:177~185.
Chu Na,Zhao Yuanyi,Zhang Guangdi,Yang Hui.2008.Environm ental effect of heavy metal elements in Dexing copper mine,Jiangxi province.Acta Geologica sinica,82(4):562~576(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Yujing,Zhu Yongguan,Zhai Rihong,Huang Yizhong,Qiu Yi,Liang Jianzhong.2005.Exposure to metal mixtures and human health impacts in a contaminated area in Nanning,China..Environmental International,31(6):784~790.
Feng Yanhong,Zheng Liping,Ying Rongrong,Zhang Ya,Lin Yusuo,Wang Guoqing.2017.Forms of heavy metals in soils of zinc mining area in northwestern Guizhou Province and their environmental.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,33(2):142~149(in Chinese with English abstract).
Joseph T,Dubey B,Mcbean E A.2015.Human health risk assessment from arsenic exposures in Bangladesh.Sci Total Environ,552~560.
Liao Guoli,Liao Daxue,Li Quanming.2008.Heavy metals contamination characteristics in soil of different mining activity zones.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,(18):207~211.
Lima H S,Lee J S,Chon H T,Sager M.2008.Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,96(2-3):223~230.
Liu Dan,Zhao Yonghong,Zhou Dan,Zhang Jing.2017.Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in a tugsten mine soil in south of Jiangxi Province.Environmental chemistry,36(7):1556~1567(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Ruiping,Xu Youning,Li Xian,Zhang Jianghua,Chen Huaqing,He Fang,Qiao Gang,Ke Hailing,Shi Yufei.2014.The distribution and coupling relationship of heavy metal content in water and sediments in the gold mining area.Geological Bulletin of China,33(8):1220~1230(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lingxiao,Dongshengguan,M.R.Peart,Chen Yong,Li Qiu.2017.The influence of bioavailable heavy metals and microbial parameters of soil on the metal accumulation in rice grain.Chemosphere.,185(10):868~878.
Nouri M,Haddioui A.2016.Human and animal health risk assessment of metal contamination in soil and plants from Ait Ammar abandoned iron mine,Morocco.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,188(1):1~12.
Seyed AliMazhari,RezaSharifiyan Attar,Faezeh Haghighi.2017.Heavy metals concentration and availability of different soils in Sabzevar area,NE of Iran.Journal of African Earth Sciences,134(10):106~112.
Sun Weizhi,Wang Zhenqiang.2012.Geological and geochemical features of gold and molybdenum ore bodies in Dahu deposit,Xiaoqinling area,and an analysis on their differences.Geological review,58(4):671~680(in Chinese with English abstract).
USEPA.2000.Risk-based concentration table.Philadelphia PA:United States of Environmental Protection Agency,Washington D.C.
Wahsha M,Bini C,Argese E,F Minello F,Fontana S.2012.Heavy metals accumulation in willows growing on Spolic Technosols from the abandoned Imperina Valley mine in Italy.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,123:19~24.
Wang Caixia,Hu Jiawei,Cheng Guoxia,Tian Li,Guo Rong,Li Tianlai.2017.Human health risks derived from dietary exposure to arsenic in Shaanxi Province in 2013-2015.Journal of hygiene research.46(1):132~135(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Kunming,Wang Zongqi,Zhang Yingli,Wang Gang,Wu Yudong.2016.Petrochemical characteristics and its implication for metallogeny of Zhamugou iron deposit,Ziyang county,Shaanxi province.Geological review,62(4):827~839(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Lei,Liu Jiajun,Zhai Degao,Zhu Wenbing,Meng Xuyang.2018.Material sources and ore-forming process of the Lianzigou gold deposit in Xiaoqinling.Acta Geologica sinica,92(2):341~358(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Xiaoliang,Zhao Yuanyi,Liu Jianping,Lu Lu,Yang Yongqiang,Chu Na.2013.Characteristics and significance of cadmium environmental geochemistry in soil of dawu river basin in the Dexing copper orefield.Geological review,59(4):781~788(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Xilong,Sato T,Xing Baoshan,Tao S.2005.Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin,China via consumption of vegetables and fish.Science of the Total Environment,350(1-3):28~37.
Wu Yaoguo,Xu Youning,Zhang Jianghua,Hu Sihai.2010.Evaluation of ecological risk and primary empirical research on heavy metals in polluted soil over Xiaoqinling gold mining region,Shaanxi,China.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,20:688~694.
Xu Youning,Zhang Jianghua,Ke Hailing,Chen Huaqing,Liu Ruiping,Shi Yufei.2014.An assessment method for heavy metal cumulative risk on farmland soil in the mining area:A case study of the Xiaoqinling gold mining area.Geological Bulletin of China,33(8):1097~1105(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Huishou,Wang Yitian,Ding Jianhua,Wang Ruiting,Hu Qiaoqing,Lu Dongyu,He Chunfang,Sun Jia.2016.Geological characteristics of minerogenesis and prospecting of Qinling AuPb-Zn metallogenic belt.Acta Geologica sinica,90(7):1423~1446(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zeng Xibai,Xu Jianming,Huang Qiaoyun,Tang Shirong,Li Yongtao,Li Fangbai,Zhou Dongmei,Wu Zhijie.2013.Some deliberations on the issues of heavy metals in farmlands of China,Acta Pedologica Sinica,50(1):186~194(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Jianghua,Wang Kuiying,Zhao Aing,Chen Huaqing,Ke Hailing,Liu Ruiping.2013.Heavy metal characteristics of Sediments in Xiaoqinling gold ore district.Geology in China,40(2):636~642(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Ying,Xu Zengkang,Yu Huilian,Chang Feng,Guo Xiaorong,Liu Ling.2009.Analysis of the dietary nutrition in rural and urban residents in Shanxi Province,Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,20(3):20~23.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zheng Na,Wang Qichao,Zheng Dongmei.2007.Health risk of Hg,Pb,Cd,Zn,and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables.Science of The Total Environment,383(1-3):81~89.
柏建坤,李潮流,康世昌,陈鹏飞,王建力.2014.雅鲁藏布江中段表层沉积物重金属形态分布及风险评价.环境科学,35(9):3346~3351.
常玉虎,赵元艺,曹冲,单云,曹强.2015.德兴铜矿区主要流域内环境介质中重金属含量特征与健康风险评价.地质学报,89(5):889~908.
陈龙,赵元艺,常玉虎.2016.江西乐平市戴村生态环境健康风险评价.地质论评,62(B11):259~260.
初娜,赵元艺,张光弟,杨慧.2008.江西省德兴铜矿矿区重金属元素的环境效应.地质学报,82(4):562~576.
冯艳红,郑丽萍,应蓉蓉,张亚,林玉锁,王国庆.2017.黔西北炼锌矿区土壤重金属形态分析及风险评价.生态与农村环境学报,33(2):142~149.
刘丹,赵永红,周丹,张静.2017.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价.环境化学,36(7):1556~1567.
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